登录
新素材 月球上的洞 Scientists have discovered a hole on the Moon, which might make an ideal place for a future moonbase. The large hole could be up to 170 metres below the Moon's surface, and this is thought to lead to a network of holes that reach far underground.
For years, scientists have thought about the best way to build a safe home on the Moon where humans could live. However, the temperatures on the Moon's surface make this challenging, from highs of $127\ °\mathrm{C}$ to lows of $-173\ °\mathrm{C}$. Without a protective atmosphere（大气层）like the Earth's, the Moon is also hit by radiation（辐射）from the sun and meteorites（陨石）from space, which makes the surface dangerous. Underground holes could offer a good way for humans to live safely on the Moon.
The discovery was made at the University of Trento in Italy by Lorenzo Bruzzone and Leonardo Carrer. They found that there are some holes connected to it. Carrer said, "For the first time, we have found and exactly mapped a hole that is actually reachable from a pit（坑）on the Moon's surface." Bruzzone added, "These holes have been talked about for over 50 years, but it is the first time ever that we have proved that they are actually there."
Speaking to reporters, Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut to travel to space, said humans could be living on the Moon in the next 20 — 30 years. However, she said the hole entrance is so deep that astronauts would need rocket packs, or a lift, to get in and out.
Besides offering a home for humans, scientists hope the holes will help them learn more about the Moon's history, because rocks underground are untouched by conditions on the surface. They also hope to use the same ways to find holes on Mars. If there is life on Mars, experts believe it might be found underground.
1. How do underground holes on the Moon help protect humans?
A. By making the temperature safe.
B. By creating a safe atmosphere above the Moon.
C. By lowering radiation on the Moon.
D. By avoiding extreme temperatures and surface dangers.
2. According to Helen Sharman, how can astronauts get to the discovered hole?
A. It already has stairs for easy use.
B. It is too deep to reach without help.
C. They need special tools to get in and out.
D. It can be reached with regular space clothes.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Humans will live on Moon rocks.
B. Scientists are sure about life on Mars.
C. Moon holes are easier to explore than Mars holes.
D. Moon hole-finding ways may help find life on Mars.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The challenges of living on the Moon.
B. The discovery of a hole on the Moon.
C. Using underground holes to study the Moon.
D. The possibility of humans living in Moon holes.
For years, scientists have thought about the best way to build a safe home on the Moon where humans could live. However, the temperatures on the Moon's surface make this challenging, from highs of $127\ °\mathrm{C}$ to lows of $-173\ °\mathrm{C}$. Without a protective atmosphere（大气层）like the Earth's, the Moon is also hit by radiation（辐射）from the sun and meteorites（陨石）from space, which makes the surface dangerous. Underground holes could offer a good way for humans to live safely on the Moon.
The discovery was made at the University of Trento in Italy by Lorenzo Bruzzone and Leonardo Carrer. They found that there are some holes connected to it. Carrer said, "For the first time, we have found and exactly mapped a hole that is actually reachable from a pit（坑）on the Moon's surface." Bruzzone added, "These holes have been talked about for over 50 years, but it is the first time ever that we have proved that they are actually there."
Speaking to reporters, Helen Sharman, the first British astronaut to travel to space, said humans could be living on the Moon in the next 20 — 30 years. However, she said the hole entrance is so deep that astronauts would need rocket packs, or a lift, to get in and out.
Besides offering a home for humans, scientists hope the holes will help them learn more about the Moon's history, because rocks underground are untouched by conditions on the surface. They also hope to use the same ways to find holes on Mars. If there is life on Mars, experts believe it might be found underground.
1. How do underground holes on the Moon help protect humans?
A. By making the temperature safe.
B. By creating a safe atmosphere above the Moon.
C. By lowering radiation on the Moon.
D. By avoiding extreme temperatures and surface dangers.
2. According to Helen Sharman, how can astronauts get to the discovered hole?
A. It already has stairs for easy use.
B. It is too deep to reach without help.
C. They need special tools to get in and out.
D. It can be reached with regular space clothes.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Humans will live on Moon rocks.
B. Scientists are sure about life on Mars.
C. Moon holes are easier to explore than Mars holes.
D. Moon hole-finding ways may help find life on Mars.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The challenges of living on the Moon.
B. The discovery of a hole on the Moon.
C. Using underground holes to study the Moon.
D. The possibility of humans living in Moon holes.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们在月球上发现了一个洞，这可能是未来月球基地的理想场所。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“the temperatures on the Moon's surface make this challenging ... the Moon is also hit by radiation from the sun and meteorites from space, which makes the surface dangerous”可知，月球上的地下洞穴可以避免极端温度和表面危险来帮助保护人类。故选D。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“she said the hole entrance is so deep that astronauts would need rocket packs, or a lift, to get in and out”可知，根据海伦·沙曼的说法，宇航员们需要火箭背包等特殊的工具才能进出洞穴。故选C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“They also hope to use the same ways to find holes on Mars. If there is life on Mars, experts believe it might be found underground.”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出在月球上寻找洞穴的方法可能有助于在火星上找到生命。故选D。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Scientists have discovered a hole on the Moon, which might make an ideal place for a future moonbase.”可知，文章主要围绕着科学家们在月球上发现的一个洞展开。故选B。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们在月球上发现了一个洞，这可能是未来月球基地的理想场所。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“the temperatures on the Moon's surface make this challenging ... the Moon is also hit by radiation from the sun and meteorites from space, which makes the surface dangerous”可知，月球上的地下洞穴可以避免极端温度和表面危险来帮助保护人类。故选D。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“she said the hole entrance is so deep that astronauts would need rocket packs, or a lift, to get in and out”可知，根据海伦·沙曼的说法，宇航员们需要火箭背包等特殊的工具才能进出洞穴。故选C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“They also hope to use the same ways to find holes on Mars. If there is life on Mars, experts believe it might be found underground.”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出在月球上寻找洞穴的方法可能有助于在火星上找到生命。故选D。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Scientists have discovered a hole on the Moon, which might make an ideal place for a future moonbase.”可知，文章主要围绕着科学家们在月球上发现的一个洞展开。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇英语阅读理解题，共4道选择题，分别考查细节理解、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。解题时需先通读原文把握核心内容，再根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，逐一比对选项与原文信息，结合题型要求得出答案：
1. 第1题问月球地下洞穴保护人类的方式，需定位第二段关于月球表面危险的描述，匹配选项；
2. 第2题问海伦所说的宇航员进出洞穴的方式，定位第四段海伦的表述，筛选正确选项；
3. 第3题是推理题，需结合最后一段内容，推断合理结论；
4. 第4题问文章主旨，需梳理全文核心内容，确定中心。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“the temperatures on the Moon's surface make this challenging... the Moon is also hit by radiation from the sun and meteorites from space, which makes the surface dangerous”可知，月球表面存在极端温度、辐射及陨石危险，地下洞穴可避免这些问题，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第四段“she said the hole entrance is so deep that astronauts would need rocket packs, or a lift, to get in and out”可知，宇航员需要火箭背包或电梯等特殊工具进出洞穴，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：根据最后一段“They also hope to use the same ways to find holes on Mars. If there is life on Mars, experts believe it might be found underground.”可推断，寻找月球洞穴的方法可能有助于发现火星上的生命，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕科学家在月球发现的洞穴展开，介绍其意义、相关发现等，核心是月球洞穴的发现，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇关于月球发现洞穴的科普说明文，题型涵盖细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意，考查学生快速定位原文信息、合理推断及归纳主旨的能力，整体难度适中，需学生准确把握原文细节与逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇英语阅读理解题，共4道选择题，分别考查细节理解、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。解题时需先通读原文把握核心内容，再根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，逐一比对选项与原文信息，结合题型要求得出答案：
1. 第1题问月球地下洞穴保护人类的方式，需定位第二段关于月球表面危险的描述，匹配选项；
2. 第2题问海伦所说的宇航员进出洞穴的方式，定位第四段海伦的表述，筛选正确选项；
3. 第3题是推理题，需结合最后一段内容，推断合理结论；
4. 第4题问文章主旨，需梳理全文核心内容，确定中心。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“the temperatures on the Moon's surface make this challenging... the Moon is also hit by radiation from the sun and meteorites from space, which makes the surface dangerous”可知，月球表面存在极端温度、辐射及陨石危险，地下洞穴可避免这些问题，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第四段“she said the hole entrance is so deep that astronauts would need rocket packs, or a lift, to get in and out”可知，宇航员需要火箭背包或电梯等特殊工具进出洞穴，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：根据最后一段“They also hope to use the same ways to find holes on Mars. If there is life on Mars, experts believe it might be found underground.”可推断，寻找月球洞穴的方法可能有助于发现火星上的生命，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕科学家在月球发现的洞穴展开，介绍其意义、相关发现等，核心是月球洞穴的发现，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇关于月球发现洞穴的科普说明文，题型涵盖细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意，考查学生快速定位原文信息、合理推断及归纳主旨的能力，整体难度适中，需学生准确把握原文细节与逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.6
