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二、阅读理解(本题有15小题,每小题2分,共计30分)
阅读下面的材料,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A(真题·宁波镇海)
First Aid
How to Treat a Deep Cut Which Is Bleeding
If someone has a deep cut, your most important job is to stop blood coming out—not to clean the cut!
① Calmly sit the person down. Put on gloves if possible.
Look at the cut to see if there is anything stuck in it. If there is, do not take it out, but be very careful not to push it in any further.
Find a bandage or something clean, such as a T-shirt. And press hard with it on the cut to stop the bleeding.
Wash your hands and tell an adult what has happened.
(
A. Call 120.
B. Clean the cut.
C. Stop the blood.
D. Go to the hospital.
(
A. We can use anything to stop the bleeding.
B. Wash your hands after treating the cut.
C. There is no need to wear gloves when we offer help.
D. If there's something stuck in the wound, take it out.
(
A. Kids.
B. Parents.
C. Doctors.
D. Teachers.
阅读下面的材料,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A(真题·宁波镇海)
First Aid
How to Treat a Deep Cut Which Is Bleeding
If someone has a deep cut, your most important job is to stop blood coming out—not to clean the cut!① Calmly sit the person down. Put on gloves if possible.
Look at the cut to see if there is anything stuck in it. If there is, do not take it out, but be very careful not to push it in any further. Find a bandage or something clean, such as a T-shirt. And press hard with it on the cut to stop the bleeding. Wash your hands and tell an adult what has happened.(
C
)16. When someone has a deep cut and is bleeding heavily, what is the most important thing?A. Call 120.
B. Clean the cut.
C. Stop the blood.
D. Go to the hospital.
(
B
)17. According to the poster, what is the right thing to do?A. We can use anything to stop the bleeding.
B. Wash your hands after treating the cut.
C. There is no need to wear gloves when we offer help.
D. If there's something stuck in the wound, take it out.
(
A
)18. Who is the poster probably for?A. Kids.
B. Parents.
C. Doctors.
D. Teachers.
答案
16.C 17.B 18.A
解析
【分析】这是一篇关于急救知识的实用类阅读理解题，解题思路为：1. 做细节理解题时，先定位题目关键词，回到原文精准匹配对应信息；2. 做推理判断题时，结合文章内容的受众指向推断答案。第16题需定位“最重要的事”的原文表述；第17题要逐一核对选项与原文细节是否一致；第18题需结合文章内容推断目标人群。
【解析】
16题：根据原文第一段“If someone has a deep cut, your most important job is to stop blood coming out—not to clean the cut!”可知，处理深伤口最重要的事是止血，故选C。
17题：A选项错误，原文要求用干净物品（如绷带、干净T恤）止血，并非任何东西；B选项正确，原文最后一条明确要求“Wash your hands”；C选项错误，原文建议“Put on gloves if possible”；D选项错误，原文指出伤口有异物时不要取出，故选B。
18题：文章内容是教他人处理深伤口的急救方法，且提到要告知大人，说明是针对孩子的科普内容，故选A。
【答案】
16.C 17.B 18.A
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断），急救常识
【点评】
本题为贴近生活的实用类阅读理解，主要考查细节定位与简单推理能力，内容易懂，学生通过仔细阅读原文即可得出答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
【解析】
16题：根据原文第一段“If someone has a deep cut, your most important job is to stop blood coming out—not to clean the cut!”可知，处理深伤口最重要的事是止血，故选C。
17题：A选项错误，原文要求用干净物品（如绷带、干净T恤）止血，并非任何东西；B选项正确，原文最后一条明确要求“Wash your hands”；C选项错误，原文建议“Put on gloves if possible”；D选项错误，原文指出伤口有异物时不要取出，故选B。
18题：文章内容是教他人处理深伤口的急救方法，且提到要告知大人，说明是针对孩子的科普内容，故选A。
【答案】
16.C 17.B 18.A
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断），急救常识
【点评】
本题为贴近生活的实用类阅读理解，主要考查细节定位与简单推理能力，内容易懂，学生通过仔细阅读原文即可得出答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
B(真题·绍兴越城)
New research coming out of Tohoku University says that wasabi(芥末) is good for the ability to remember. Wasabi, a spicy green paste, is widely used in Japanese dishes.
A recent study tested people between the ages of sixty and eighty. Some of the test members took a certain amount of wasabi every night before going to bed. The others were given a placebo(无效对照剂). After three months, the people who took the wasabi had much better results in memory tests. The placebo-takers did not show any improvement.
Wasabi was already known to have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory called 6-MSITC that is rare(稀少) in other plants. Scientists believe a chemical called 6-MSITC might change how the brain's "memory centre—hippocampus(海马体)" works. They will continue researching with the hope that wasabi can help people that are experiencing dementia(痴呆症).
This new research seems to be good news for sushi-eaters. However, ▲. Instead, it is white horseradish(辣根酱) that has been coloured green. Real wasabi is difficult to grow and, as a result, is very expensive. It also needs to be made and served fresh at once before being eaten.
(
A. Early sleepers.
B. Placebo takers.
C. People between 60 and 80.
D. People who keep eating wasabi for 3 months.
(
A. Dishes.
B. 6-MSITC.
C. Placebo.
D. Hippocampus.
(
A. wasabi is not a popular paste around the world
B. most people in Japan don't think the research is true
C. most wasabi that is served in Japan is not real wasabi
D. fresh wasabi is so expensive that people can't eat it very often
(
A. To discuss the health risks of eating spicy food.
B. To explain the way of making sushi with wasabi.
C. To compare real wasabi with green-coloured horseradish.
D. To introduce a new study on wasabi from a Japanese university.
New research coming out of Tohoku University says that wasabi(芥末) is good for the ability to remember. Wasabi, a spicy green paste, is widely used in Japanese dishes.
A recent study tested people between the ages of sixty and eighty. Some of the test members took a certain amount of wasabi every night before going to bed. The others were given a placebo(无效对照剂). After three months, the people who took the wasabi had much better results in memory tests. The placebo-takers did not show any improvement.
Wasabi was already known to have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory called 6-MSITC that is rare(稀少) in other plants. Scientists believe a chemical called 6-MSITC might change how the brain's "memory centre—hippocampus(海马体)" works. They will continue researching with the hope that wasabi can help people that are experiencing dementia(痴呆症).
This new research seems to be good news for sushi-eaters. However, ▲. Instead, it is white horseradish(辣根酱) that has been coloured green. Real wasabi is difficult to grow and, as a result, is very expensive. It also needs to be made and served fresh at once before being eaten.
(
D
)19. According to Paragraph 2, who can have better memory?A. Early sleepers.
B. Placebo takers.
C. People between 60 and 80.
D. People who keep eating wasabi for 3 months.
(
B
)20. What in wasabi has something to do with memory improvement?A. Dishes.
B. 6-MSITC.
C. Placebo.
D. Hippocampus.
(
C
)21. Which can be the best to fill in the blank " ▲ "?A. wasabi is not a popular paste around the world
B. most people in Japan don't think the research is true
C. most wasabi that is served in Japan is not real wasabi
D. fresh wasabi is so expensive that people can't eat it very often
(
D
)22. What's the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the health risks of eating spicy food.
B. To explain the way of making sushi with wasabi.
C. To compare real wasabi with green-coloured horseradish.
D. To introduce a new study on wasabi from a Japanese university.
答案
19.D 20.B 21.C 22.D
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕日本东北大学关于芥末对记忆影响的新研究展开，共4道小题，分别考查细节理解、细节定位、推理判断及主旨大意。解题思路为：先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对每道题的题干关键词定位原文对应段落，对比选项与原文信息得出答案。
19题：根据题干关键词“Paragraph 2”“better memory”定位第二段，找到两组测试对象的结果；
20题：根据题干关键词“what in wasabi”“memory improvement”定位第三段，查找相关化学物质；
21题：根据填空处前后逻辑（前说好消息，后说假芥末），结合选项匹配语境；
22题：梳理全文结构，明确文章核心介绍内容。
【解析】
19题：定位第二段最后一句“After three months, the people who took the wasabi had much better results in memory tests.”，可知坚持吃芥末3个月的人记忆更好，对应选项D。
20题：定位第三段“Wasabi was already known to have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory called 6-MSITC...Scientists believe a chemical called 6-MSITC might change how the brain's "memory centre—hippocampus" works.”，可知6-MSITC与记忆改善有关，对应选项B。
21题：填空后句“Instead, it is white horseradish that has been coloured green.”说明实际供应的是假芥末，结合选项，C项“most wasabi that is served in Japan is not real wasabi”符合语境，对应选项C。
22题：全文围绕日本东北大学关于芥末对记忆影响的新研究展开，核心是介绍该研究，对应选项D。
【答案】
19.D 20.B 21.C 22.D
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（推理判断）、阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】
本题为科技类英语阅读理解，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息、理解文本逻辑及归纳主旨的能力，题目设置基础，只要仔细阅读原文即可准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕日本东北大学关于芥末对记忆影响的新研究展开，共4道小题，分别考查细节理解、细节定位、推理判断及主旨大意。解题思路为：先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对每道题的题干关键词定位原文对应段落，对比选项与原文信息得出答案。
19题：根据题干关键词“Paragraph 2”“better memory”定位第二段，找到两组测试对象的结果；
20题：根据题干关键词“what in wasabi”“memory improvement”定位第三段，查找相关化学物质；
21题：根据填空处前后逻辑（前说好消息，后说假芥末），结合选项匹配语境；
22题：梳理全文结构，明确文章核心介绍内容。
【解析】
19题：定位第二段最后一句“After three months, the people who took the wasabi had much better results in memory tests.”，可知坚持吃芥末3个月的人记忆更好，对应选项D。
20题：定位第三段“Wasabi was already known to have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory called 6-MSITC...Scientists believe a chemical called 6-MSITC might change how the brain's "memory centre—hippocampus" works.”，可知6-MSITC与记忆改善有关，对应选项B。
21题：填空后句“Instead, it is white horseradish that has been coloured green.”说明实际供应的是假芥末，结合选项，C项“most wasabi that is served in Japan is not real wasabi”符合语境，对应选项C。
22题：全文围绕日本东北大学关于芥末对记忆影响的新研究展开，核心是介绍该研究，对应选项D。
【答案】
19.D 20.B 21.C 22.D
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（推理判断）、阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】
本题为科技类英语阅读理解，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息、理解文本逻辑及归纳主旨的能力，题目设置基础，只要仔细阅读原文即可准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
