一、根据句意及所给中文提示或首字母,填入所缺单词,每空一词
1. Air
2. An apple on the tree
3. Eating too much salt or sugar might cause many
4. The elderly have some experience that youth can not own before a
5. In order to help the homeless animals, the animal
6. As one of the natural d
7. To keep people safe, Chinese police put their lives at r
8. Please help us, or there may be n
1. Air
pollution
(污染)is becoming worse and the government is trying to solve this problem.2. An apple on the tree
dropped
(掉下)and hit my sister's head.3. Eating too much salt or sugar might cause many
illnesses
(疾病).4. The elderly have some experience that youth can not own before a
certain
(某种)age.5. In order to help the homeless animals, the animal
protection
(保护)groups need to think up a lot of ways.6. As one of the natural d
disasters
, an earthquake is a strong and sudden shaking of the ground.7. To keep people safe, Chinese police put their lives at r
risk
.8. Please help us, or there may be n
none
of us left in the future.答案
1. pollution 2. dropped 3. illnesses 4. certain 5. protection 6. disasters 7. risk 8. none
解析
【分析】
本题为英语词汇填空题,需根据句意、中文提示或首字母,结合语法规则(如时态、名词单复数、词性)填入正确单词,每空一词。解题时先通读句子理解语境,再对应提示确定单词,最后检查单词形式是否符合语法要求。
【解析】
1. 句意:空气污染日益严重,政府正努力解决该问题。中文提示“污染”,此处需名词作主语,故填pollution。
2. 句意:树上的一个苹果掉下来砸到了我妹妹的头。hit为过去式,动作发生在过去,“掉下”需用过去式dropped。
3. 句意:吃太多盐或糖可能引发多种疾病。many后接可数名词复数,“疾病”illness的复数形式为illnesses。
4. 句意:老年人拥有年轻人在某个年龄前无法具备的经验。“某种”对应形容词certain,修饰名词age。
5. 句意:为帮助无家可归的动物,动物保护团体需想出多种办法。“保护”作定语修饰groups,用名词protection。
6. 句意:作为自然灾害之一,地震是地面强烈且突然的震动。首字母为d,“灾难”disaster,one of后接名词复数,故填disasters。
7. 句意:为保障人们安全,中国警察冒着生命危险。固定搭配at risk意为“冒险”,故填risk。
8. 句意:请帮助我们,否则未来可能没有我们任何人留下。首字母为n,none of us表示“我们中没有人”,符合句意。
【答案】
1. pollution 2. dropped 3. illnesses 4. certain 5. protection 6. disasters 7. risk 8. none
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词的数、动词时态
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的运用,结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配解题,是初中英语常见题型,侧重核心词汇的掌握,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语词汇填空题,需根据句意、中文提示或首字母,结合语法规则(如时态、名词单复数、词性)填入正确单词,每空一词。解题时先通读句子理解语境,再对应提示确定单词,最后检查单词形式是否符合语法要求。
【解析】
1. 句意:空气污染日益严重,政府正努力解决该问题。中文提示“污染”,此处需名词作主语,故填pollution。
2. 句意:树上的一个苹果掉下来砸到了我妹妹的头。hit为过去式,动作发生在过去,“掉下”需用过去式dropped。
3. 句意:吃太多盐或糖可能引发多种疾病。many后接可数名词复数,“疾病”illness的复数形式为illnesses。
4. 句意:老年人拥有年轻人在某个年龄前无法具备的经验。“某种”对应形容词certain,修饰名词age。
5. 句意:为帮助无家可归的动物,动物保护团体需想出多种办法。“保护”作定语修饰groups,用名词protection。
6. 句意:作为自然灾害之一,地震是地面强烈且突然的震动。首字母为d,“灾难”disaster,one of后接名词复数,故填disasters。
7. 句意:为保障人们安全,中国警察冒着生命危险。固定搭配at risk意为“冒险”,故填risk。
8. 句意:请帮助我们,否则未来可能没有我们任何人留下。首字母为n,none of us表示“我们中没有人”,符合句意。
【答案】
1. pollution 2. dropped 3. illnesses 4. certain 5. protection 6. disasters 7. risk 8. none
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词的数、动词时态
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的运用,结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配解题,是初中英语常见题型,侧重核心词汇的掌握,难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. I am Indian rhino. I'm writing to ask for your help to protect the rhinos in wild.
A.a; the
B.an; the
C.the; the
D.the; a
A.a; the
B.an; the
C.the; the
D.the; a
答案
1.B
解析
【分析】这道题考查英语冠词的用法,需分两个空逐一分析:第一个空泛指“一只印度犀牛”,Indian以元音音素开头,需用对应不定冠词;第二个空是固定短语,需用特定冠词,结合选项即可选出正确答案。
【解析】第一个空,此处表泛指“一只印度犀牛”,Indian发音以元音音素开头,不定冠词an用于元音音素开头的单词前,故填an;第二个空是固定搭配“in the wild”,意为“在野外”,必须用定冠词the,因此选B选项。
【答案】B
【知识点】不定冠词an;定冠词the;固定短语搭配
【点评】本题考查英语冠词的基础用法,涉及不定冠词的使用规则和固定短语搭配,属于初中英语基础考点,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】第一个空,此处表泛指“一只印度犀牛”,Indian发音以元音音素开头,不定冠词an用于元音音素开头的单词前,故填an;第二个空是固定搭配“in the wild”,意为“在野外”,必须用定冠词the,因此选B选项。
【答案】B
【知识点】不定冠词an;定冠词the;固定短语搭配
【点评】本题考查英语冠词的基础用法,涉及不定冠词的使用规则和固定短语搭配,属于初中英语基础考点,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8
2. A number of trees cut down each year, and the number of wild animals started to drop in recent years.
A.are; has
B.is; have
C.are; have
D.is; has
A.are; has
B.is; have
C.are; have
D.is; has
答案
2.A
解析
【分析】首先明确两个易混短语的主谓一致规则:①“a number of + 可数名词复数”表示“许多……”,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式;②“the number of + 可数名词复数”表示“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。再结合句子结构分析:第一空主语是“a number of trees”(许多树),谓语需用复数;第二空主语是“the number of wild animals”(野生动物的数量),谓语需用单数,据此匹配选项。
【解析】根据主谓一致规则:1. “a number of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数,故第一空填are;2. “the number of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数,故第二空填has。因此正确选项为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】主谓一致;a number of与the number of的用法
【点评】本题考查英语主谓一致的基础知识点,核心是区分两个易混短语的用法,属于基础题型,掌握规则即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】根据主谓一致规则:1. “a number of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数,故第一空填are;2. “the number of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数,故第二空填has。因此正确选项为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】主谓一致;a number of与the number of的用法
【点评】本题考查英语主谓一致的基础知识点,核心是区分两个易混短语的用法,属于基础题型,掌握规则即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.6
3. Wild animals have living areas. As a result, their numbers are getting .
A.less and less; larger and larger
B.fewer and fewer; more and more
C.less and less; smaller and smaller
D.fewer and fewer; smaller and smaller
A.less and less; larger and larger
B.fewer and fewer; more and more
C.less and less; smaller and smaller
D.fewer and fewer; smaller and smaller
答案
3.D
解析
【分析】
本题考查形容词比较级的用法,解题思路分两步:第一步,根据修饰名词的可数性确定第一空的形容词;第二步,根据主语(数量)确定第二空的形容词。首先,living areas是可数名词复数,需用修饰可数名词的few的比较级fewer,排除修饰不可数名词的less相关选项;其次,主语是numbers(数量),形容数量大小需用small/large,结合前文“生存区域减少”,数量应变小,故用smaller,最终确定答案。
【解析】
1. 分析第一空:living areas是可数名词复数,few的比较级fewer用于修饰可数名词复数,less用于修饰不可数名词,因此排除A、C选项;
2. 分析第二空:主语their numbers指“数量”,形容数量的大小需用small/large,不能用more,结合前文“生存区域减少”,数量应变小,故用smaller,排除B选项;
综上,正确答案为D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
形容词比较级,可数名词修饰,数量表达
【点评】
本题是基础语法题,考查形容词比较级的核心用法,需区分few/less修饰的名词类型,以及形容数量的形容词,只要掌握基础知识点即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题考查形容词比较级的用法,解题思路分两步:第一步,根据修饰名词的可数性确定第一空的形容词;第二步,根据主语(数量)确定第二空的形容词。首先,living areas是可数名词复数,需用修饰可数名词的few的比较级fewer,排除修饰不可数名词的less相关选项;其次,主语是numbers(数量),形容数量大小需用small/large,结合前文“生存区域减少”,数量应变小,故用smaller,最终确定答案。
【解析】
1. 分析第一空:living areas是可数名词复数,few的比较级fewer用于修饰可数名词复数,less用于修饰不可数名词,因此排除A、C选项;
2. 分析第二空:主语their numbers指“数量”,形容数量的大小需用small/large,不能用more,结合前文“生存区域减少”,数量应变小,故用smaller,排除B选项;
综上,正确答案为D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
形容词比较级,可数名词修饰,数量表达
【点评】
本题是基础语法题,考查形容词比较级的核心用法,需区分few/less修饰的名词类型,以及形容数量的形容词,只要掌握基础知识点即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.6
4. Our government must down too many trees.
A.stop people cutting
B.keep people cutting
C.accept people to cut
D.make laws to cut
A.stop people cutting
B.keep people cutting
C.accept people to cut
D.make laws to cut
答案
4.A
解析
【分析】首先理解句子句意:“我们的政府必须________太多树”,需结合动词固定搭配和语境分析选项。回忆常见动词搭配:stop sb (from) doing sth表示“阻止某人做某事”,keep sb doing sth表示“让某人一直做某事”,accept无accept sb to do的正确用法,make laws to cut不符合政府的行为逻辑,据此逐一排除错误选项。
【解析】句意:我们的政府必须阻止人们砍伐太多树木。A选项stop people cutting符合固定搭配stop sb (from) doing sth,意为阻止某人做某事,契合政府保护树木的语境;B选项keep people cutting意为让人们一直砍伐,不符合政府职责;C选项accept搭配错误且语义不符;D选项make laws to cut(制定法律砍伐)逻辑错误,故正确答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词固定搭配;动词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查初中英语基础考点——动词固定搭配与词义辨析,需牢记常见动词的用法,结合语境即可轻松选出答案。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】句意:我们的政府必须阻止人们砍伐太多树木。A选项stop people cutting符合固定搭配stop sb (from) doing sth,意为阻止某人做某事,契合政府保护树木的语境;B选项keep people cutting意为让人们一直砍伐,不符合政府职责;C选项accept搭配错误且语义不符;D选项make laws to cut(制定法律砍伐)逻辑错误,故正确答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词固定搭配;动词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查初中英语基础考点——动词固定搭配与词义辨析,需牢记常见动词的用法,结合语境即可轻松选出答案。
【难度系数】0.6
5. —Is there any meat in the fridge? I want some for dinner.
—No, there is left, and of us has any time to buy any.
A.none; none
B.nothing; nobody
C.none; nobody
D.nothing; none
—No, there is left, and of us has any time to buy any.
A.none; none
B.nothing; nobody
C.none; nobody
D.nothing; none
答案
5.A
解析
【分析】首先需明确不定代词none、nothing、nobody的用法差异:none可指代前文提及的人或物,强调数量上“一个也没有/一点也没有”,可与of连用;nothing泛指“没有任何东西”,不与of连用;nobody指“没有人”,也不与of连用。本题第一空指代前文提到的不可数名词meat,强调数量上无剩余,故用none;第二空后有of us,需用能与of连用的none构成固定结构,因此选对应选项。
【解析】1. 分析第一空:前文提到“meat”,此处指代该不可数名词且强调数量上没有剩余,none可指代前文提及的事物,符合要求;nothing泛指无事物,不符合指代前文特定事物的语境,故第一空用none。2. 分析第二空:空格后有“of us”,需用能与of连用的不定代词,none可与of搭配构成“none of us”(我们都不);nobody不能与of连用,故第二空用none。综上,答案为A选项。
【答案】A
【知识点】不定代词的用法
【点评】本题考查英语中常见不定代词的辨析,核心是掌握none、nothing、nobody的用法区别,尤其是none可与of连用且可指代前文特定事物的特点,属于基础考点,需熟练掌握。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 分析第一空:前文提到“meat”,此处指代该不可数名词且强调数量上没有剩余,none可指代前文提及的事物,符合要求;nothing泛指无事物,不符合指代前文特定事物的语境,故第一空用none。2. 分析第二空:空格后有“of us”,需用能与of连用的不定代词,none可与of搭配构成“none of us”(我们都不);nobody不能与of连用,故第二空用none。综上,答案为A选项。
【答案】A
【知识点】不定代词的用法
【点评】本题考查英语中常见不定代词的辨析,核心是掌握none、nothing、nobody的用法区别,尤其是none可与of连用且可指代前文特定事物的特点,属于基础考点,需熟练掌握。
【难度系数】0.5
6. In this way, we can use less time to finish more work.
A.You're welcome.
B.What a good idea!
C.That's all right.
D.Have a good time.
A.You're welcome.
B.What a good idea!
C.That's all right.
D.Have a good time.
答案
6.B
解析
【分析】
本题为英语情景交际题,需结合后半句“用更少时间完成更多工作”的语境,分析各选项的适用场景,选出符合逻辑的答语。首先明确每个选项的含义及使用场合,再匹配语境判断。
【解析】
逐一分析选项:A项“You're welcome”用于回应他人的感谢,与语境不符;B项“What a good idea!”用于称赞对方的想法是好主意,后半句“用更少时间完成更多工作”是一个高效的好方法,符合语境;C项“That's all right”用于回应道歉或表示没关系,不符合;D项“Have a good time”用于祝福他人玩得愉快,不符合。因此正确答案为B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
情景交际;日常用语
【点评】
本题考查基础的日常情景交际用语,要求学生准确掌握各选项的含义及使用场景,结合语境即可轻松选出答案,属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为英语情景交际题,需结合后半句“用更少时间完成更多工作”的语境,分析各选项的适用场景,选出符合逻辑的答语。首先明确每个选项的含义及使用场合,再匹配语境判断。
【解析】
逐一分析选项:A项“You're welcome”用于回应他人的感谢,与语境不符;B项“What a good idea!”用于称赞对方的想法是好主意,后半句“用更少时间完成更多工作”是一个高效的好方法,符合语境;C项“That's all right”用于回应道歉或表示没关系,不符合;D项“Have a good time”用于祝福他人玩得愉快,不符合。因此正确答案为B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
情景交际;日常用语
【点评】
本题考查基础的日常情景交际用语,要求学生准确掌握各选项的含义及使用场景,结合语境即可轻松选出答案,属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、阅读理解
Navigation(导航) is an important ability for animals to find food and living places. Researchers have performed an experiment(实验) and found that goldfish are able to navigate on land after receiving around 10 driving lessons.
The experiment was led by a research team. It was made to see whether goldfish could find their way in a very different environment. Researchers developed a robotic car that could drive forward, backward, and from side to side. They called the car “Fish Operated Vehicle(FOV)”. A goldfish was placed inside a water box on the FOV. Using a set of wheels with a camera system, the FOV recorded the fish’s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction.
The scientists worked with six different goldfish. They placed the car in a small room with a pink target on one side. The fish would get food when the car touched the target. After a few days of training, the fish navigated to the target. At first, it took them about half an hour to drive to the target. But by the end of the experiment, they were able to complete the same task in less than a minute. One of the researchers said, “As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to drive a car knows, it is challenging at first.”
The experiment showed the goldfish could drive to the target and that they weren’t fooled by false targets of other colours. They were also able to get free when the car hit a wall.
Although the fish may not have realized they were moving on land, these results show a fish has the ability to navigate outside its natural environment of water. It can enrich scientific knowledge of animals’ navigation skills.
1. What do we know about the FOV?
A. It was placed inside a water box.
B. It could control the fish’s directions.
C. It was driven by a camera system.
D. It could follow the fish’s movements.
2. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Scientists put a robotic car to good use
B. Scientists offer goldfish food and lessons
C. Scientists teach goldfish to drive a car on land
D. Scientific research on animals’ navigation skills
3. In which section of a website may this passage appear?
A. Art and culture.
B. Wild animals.
C. Agriculture and food.
D. Animal science.
Navigation(导航) is an important ability for animals to find food and living places. Researchers have performed an experiment(实验) and found that goldfish are able to navigate on land after receiving around 10 driving lessons.
The experiment was led by a research team. It was made to see whether goldfish could find their way in a very different environment. Researchers developed a robotic car that could drive forward, backward, and from side to side. They called the car “Fish Operated Vehicle(FOV)”. A goldfish was placed inside a water box on the FOV. Using a set of wheels with a camera system, the FOV recorded the fish’s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction.
The scientists worked with six different goldfish. They placed the car in a small room with a pink target on one side. The fish would get food when the car touched the target. After a few days of training, the fish navigated to the target. At first, it took them about half an hour to drive to the target. But by the end of the experiment, they were able to complete the same task in less than a minute. One of the researchers said, “As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to drive a car knows, it is challenging at first.”
The experiment showed the goldfish could drive to the target and that they weren’t fooled by false targets of other colours. They were also able to get free when the car hit a wall.
Although the fish may not have realized they were moving on land, these results show a fish has the ability to navigate outside its natural environment of water. It can enrich scientific knowledge of animals’ navigation skills.
1. What do we know about the FOV?
A. It was placed inside a water box.
B. It could control the fish’s directions.
C. It was driven by a camera system.
D. It could follow the fish’s movements.
2. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Scientists put a robotic car to good use
B. Scientists offer goldfish food and lessons
C. Scientists teach goldfish to drive a car on land
D. Scientific research on animals’ navigation skills
3. In which section of a website may this passage appear?
A. Art and culture.
B. Wild animals.
C. Agriculture and food.
D. Animal science.
答案
1.D 2.D 3.D
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题,包含细节理解、主旨大意、文章出处三类题目。解题思路如下:
1. 第1题:定位原文中关于FOV的描述,对比选项与原文信息,选出匹配项;
2. 第2题:梳理全文核心内容,排除偏离主旨的选项,确定最佳标题;
3. 第3题:根据文章主题,判断其所属的网站板块。
【解析】
1. 第1题:定位原文第二段“the FOV recorded the fish’s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction”,可知FOV能跟随鱼的动作,对应选项D。A项错误,是金鱼被放在FOV的水箱中,而非FOV放置水箱;B项错误,FOV是跟随鱼的方向,而非控制鱼;C项错误,FOV由鱼的动作驱动,而非相机系统驱动。
2. 第2题:全文围绕科学家对动物导航技能的实验展开,核心是研究动物的导航能力,对应选项D。A项未体现动物导航的核心;B项偏离实验主旨;C项仅为实验的表面内容,未触及核心研究主题。
3. 第3题:文章主题是关于动物导航技能的科学实验,属于动物科学范畴,对应选项D。A项艺术文化与内容无关;B项野生动物未涉及实验的科学研究属性;C项农业食物与内容无关。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解,细节理解题,主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为典型的英语阅读理解题,涵盖三类常见题型,需学生具备准确定位原文信息、把握文章主旨的能力,整体难度适中,能有效考查学生的阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题,包含细节理解、主旨大意、文章出处三类题目。解题思路如下:
1. 第1题:定位原文中关于FOV的描述,对比选项与原文信息,选出匹配项;
2. 第2题:梳理全文核心内容,排除偏离主旨的选项,确定最佳标题;
3. 第3题:根据文章主题,判断其所属的网站板块。
【解析】
1. 第1题:定位原文第二段“the FOV recorded the fish’s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction”,可知FOV能跟随鱼的动作,对应选项D。A项错误,是金鱼被放在FOV的水箱中,而非FOV放置水箱;B项错误,FOV是跟随鱼的方向,而非控制鱼;C项错误,FOV由鱼的动作驱动,而非相机系统驱动。
2. 第2题:全文围绕科学家对动物导航技能的实验展开,核心是研究动物的导航能力,对应选项D。A项未体现动物导航的核心;B项偏离实验主旨;C项仅为实验的表面内容,未触及核心研究主题。
3. 第3题:文章主题是关于动物导航技能的科学实验,属于动物科学范畴,对应选项D。A项艺术文化与内容无关;B项野生动物未涉及实验的科学研究属性;C项农业食物与内容无关。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解,细节理解题,主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为典型的英语阅读理解题,涵盖三类常见题型,需学生具备准确定位原文信息、把握文章主旨的能力,整体难度适中,能有效考查学生的阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
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