新素材中国文化:敦煌
[2026 辽宁沈阳期末]Do you want to know about Chinese culture? If you do, you must come to Dunhuang. It is one of the important stops on the Silk Road. Here in Dunhuang, you can learn and feel the rich history and colourful culture. You can learn about the frescoes (湿壁画), music, traditions, food, sport and even clothes in this city. Standing here, you can guess what happened more than one thousand years ago.
The Mogao Caves, famous as the Qianfo Caves, are one of the four major caves in China. They're famous for their buildings, sculptures and beautiful paintings.
The Mingsha Mountain (鸣沙山) makes a sound on sunny days or when someone slides down from the mountain. And what else makes it special? When the wind blows, the sand does not move down, but runs from the bottom of the mountain to the top.
The Crescent Spring (月牙泉) is a magical lake in the desert. The Crescent Spring is beside the Mingsha Mountain. It looks like a crescent moon (新月). The spring water is clear and never dries up for thousands of years.
Dunhuang is an amazing place. Once you visit it, you'll never forget about it and always want to go back there.
()1. What is the Mogao Caves famous for?
A. Its food and traditions.
B. Its clothes and caves.
C. Its frescoes and music.
D. Its buildings, sculptures and beautiful paintings.
()2. What does the underlined word "bottom" mean in the passage in Chinese?
A. 顶部 B. 底部
C. 中间 D. 背面
()3. What can you learn and feel in Dunhuang?
A. The Mogao Caves.
B. The Mingsha Mountain.
C. The Crescent Spring.
D. The rich history and colourful culture.
()4. 新考法篇章结构 The structure of this passage may be .

()5. 新考法写作意图 Which sentence can show us the writer's purpose?
A. Dunhuang is a city with a long history.
B. It is great to visit the Mogao Caves.
C. Why can the Mingsha Mountain make sounds?
D. Please come to Dunhuang for a visit.

阅读理解·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了敦煌的历史文化价值,重点描述了莫高窟、鸣沙山和月牙泉的特色。
快速对答案 1—5 D B D B D
1. D 细节理解题。根据"The Mogao Caves...buildings, sculptures and beautiful paintings."可知,莫高窟以其建筑、雕塑和精美壁画闻名。故选D项。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据"When the wind blows,the sand does not move down, but runs from the bottom of the mountain to the top."可知,当风吹过时,沙子不会往下移动,而是从山的底部流到山顶,所以画线词的含义是"底部"。故选B项。
3. D 细节理解题。根据"Here in Dunhuang,you can learn and feel the rich history and colourful culture."可知,在敦煌,你能学习和感受丰富的历史与多彩的文化。故选D项。
4. B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,首段总述敦煌的文化价值,第二段到第四段分述三大景点,最后一段总结全文。故选B项。
5. D 推理判断题。根据"Dunhuang is an amazing place. Once you visit it, you'll never forget about it and always want to go back there."可知,作者的目的是邀请读者参观敦煌。故选D项。

【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需根据题干关键词“莫高窟著名之处”定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息选出答案；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合画线词所在句子的逻辑关系，推断单词含义；
3. 第3题是细节理解题，根据题干“在敦煌能学习感受的内容”定位原文相关句子，直接匹配选项；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，通读全文划分段落功能，判断文本结构类型，匹配对应图示；
5. 第5题是写作意图题，定位原文最后一段，分析句子体现的作者写作目的。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“The Mogao Caves...are famous for their buildings, sculptures and beautiful paintings.”可知，莫高窟以建筑、雕塑和精美壁画闻名，对应选项D，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：根据画线词所在句“When the wind blows, the sand does not move down, but runs from the bottom of the mountain to the top.”，由“沙子不往下移动，而是流向山顶”可推知，bottom意为“底部”，对应选项B，故选B。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“Here in Dunhuang, you can learn and feel the rich history and colourful culture.”可知，在敦煌能学习和感受丰富的历史与多彩的文化，对应选项D，故选D。
4. 篇章结构题：通读全文，首段总述敦煌的文化价值，第二段到第四段分别介绍莫高窟、鸣沙山、月牙泉，最后一段总结全文，属于总分总结构，对应选项B的图示，故选B。
5. 写作意图题：根据原文最后一段“Dunhuang is an amazing place. Once you visit it, you'll never forget about it and always want to go back there.”可知，作者的目的是邀请读者参观敦煌，对应选项D，故选D。
【答案】
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. D
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】
本题以敦煌文化为素材，考查英语阅读理解的核心题型，涵盖细节查找、词义猜测、篇章结构分析和写作意图判断，要求学生具备快速定位原文、分析文本结构和作者意图的能力，是初中英语常见的考查形式。
【难度系数】
0.6