B
[2026广东广州调研]
Accidental inventions change our lives
Most of you enjoy eating. Do you know? The invention of potato chips was actually an accident. In fact, scientists have created many inventions by accident.
Let's take a look at a few of them. Each one has an interesting story.
Penicillin
In 1928, British scientist Alexander Fleming went on vacation. But he forgot to cover up some bacteria（细菌）before he left his lab. When he came back, he found there was some mould（霉菌）growing on the bacteria. The mould stopped the bacteria from growing. Fleming later found penicillin in the mould.
Potato chips
George Crum was a chef in New York. He invented potato chips in 1853. One day, a customer said that his French-fried potatoes were too soft and oily. Crum thought the customer was rude and wanted to teach him a lesson. He cut the potatoes into very thin slices and fried them until they were crisp and brown. Surprisingly, the customer loved them.
Microwave oven
One day in 1945, the US engineer Percy L. Spencer was working on radar tubes（雷达管）. He noticed that a chocolate bar in his pocket melted（融化）while he was working. He found out that the microwaves from the tube melted it. The engineer started to work out how to cook with microwaves.
()14. What did the customer think of potato chips at first?
A. Soft and oily. B. Crisp and soft.
B. Soft and brown. C. Crisp and brown.
()15. Microwave ovens work through .
A. melting the chocolate bar
B. microwaves from radar tubes
C. stopping the bacteria growing
D. cutting the tubes into thin slices
()16. 新考法顺序排列 Which is the right order of the time when these things were invented/discovered?
①penicillin ②potato chips
③microwave oven
A. ①②③ B. ②①③
C. ①③② D. ③②①
()17. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To tell us that we should make inventions by accident.
B. To tell us the invention of potato chips was an accident.
C. To show that some inventions were created by accident.
D. To show that some scientists and engineers were really lucky.

阅读 B 篇·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了三种意外发明的物品。
14. A 细节理解题。根据第四段的“One day, a customer said that his French-fried potatoes were too soft and oily.”可知，顾客一开始认为炸薯条软且油。故选 A 项。
15. B 细节理解题。根据“He found out that the microwaves from the tube melted it.”可知，微波炉通过雷达管发出微波工作。故选 B 项。
16. B 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，青霉素是在 1928 年被发现的，薯片是在 1853 年被发明的，微波炉是在 1945 年被发明的。故选 B 项。
17. C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过青霉素、薯片、微波炉这三个案例说明偶然发明现象，所以本文的目的是表明一些发明是意外被创造的。故选 C 项。

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、推理判断和时间排序类题目。解题思路为：1. 针对细节题，根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息；2. 针对排序题，提取各发明/发现的时间，按先后顺序排列；3. 针对主旨题，通读全文梳理核心内容，总结作者写作目的。
【解析】
14. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“customer”定位到Potato chips部分的原文“One day, a customer said that his French-fried potatoes were too soft and oily.”，可知顾客最初认为炸薯条软且油，对应选项A。
15. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“Microwave ovens work through”定位到Microwave oven部分的原文“He found out that the microwaves from the tube melted it. The engineer started to work out how to cook with microwaves.”，可知微波炉通过雷达管发出的微波工作，对应选项B。
16. 细节理解题：提取各发明/发现的时间：②薯片1853年，①青霉素1928年，③微波炉1945年，按时间先后顺序为②①③，对应选项B。
17. 推理判断题：通读全文，作者通过青霉素、薯片、微波炉三个意外发明的案例，旨在说明一些发明是偶然被创造的，对应选项C。
【答案】14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】本文围绕“意外发明”展开，题目设置以细节定位为主，辅以简单排序和主旨推理，考查学生快速获取原文信息的能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅲ.阅读还原(10分)
答案 18—22 [2026广东深圳期中]In a clear tank (箱) of water, fish are swimming happily. But wait a second: look closer at that blue one. 18
This scene happened at the 2025 World Digital Education Conference from 14 May to 16 May in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Scientists at
Wuhan University invented the robotic fish. 19 The pretty colours of them came from the LED lights on their bodies. These lights could also give the underwater world a party feel.
The robotic fish were about 53 centimetres long. 20 That's why the robotic fish acted like real ones. With the special design, they can move fast and easily.
"I love to see the robotic fish," Professor James Crabbe from the University of Oxford told the media. "It could tell us much more about fish groups and how fish behave (表现)."
Fish swim together in large groups. 21 The robotic fish can help us learn about fish groups and understand how real fish live. It can also show how changes in the environment influence them.
22 With the help of AI and sensors (传感器), they can "see" things in their way and learn to avoid them. They are already helping in the study of the Yangtze River's water to help protect the environment.
A. It is actually a robotic fish!
B. Even better, these fish are smart.
C. It weighed about 1.1 kilograms.
D. It helps them stay safe, find food and save energy.
E. Besides the blue ones, there were red and yellow ones too.
F. The bionic joints (仿生关节) were put in their heads and tails.

阅读还原·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了武汉大学的科学家发明的机器鱼，包括其外观、功能以及应用等方面。
18. A 根据上文“But wait a second: look closer at that blue one.”以及下文“Scientists at Wuhan University invented the robotic fish.”可知，此处应引出这条蓝色的鱼实际上是一个机器鱼，A 选项(它实际上是一个机器鱼！)符合语境。故选 A 项。
19. E 根据下文“The pretty colours of them came from the LED lights on their bodies.”可知，此处应描述机器鱼的颜色，E 选项(除了蓝色的，还有红色和黄色的。)符合语境。故选 E 项。
20. F 根据下文“That's why the robotic fish acted like real ones.”可知，此处应解释为什么机器鱼表现得像真鱼，F 选项(仿生关节被安装在它们的头部和尾部。)符合语境。故选 F 项。
21. D 根据上文“Fish swim together in large groups.”以及下文“The robotic fish can help us learn about fish groups and understand how real fish live.”可知，此处应描述鱼成群游泳的好处，D 选项(这有助于它们保持安全，寻找食物和节省能量。)符合语境。故选 D 项。
22. B 根据下文“With the help of AI and sensors, they can 'see' things in their way and learn to avoid them.”可知，此处应描述机器鱼更智能的特点，B 选项(更好的是，这些鱼很智能。)符合语境。故选 B 项。

【分析】
解答阅读还原题需先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍武汉大学发明的机器鱼），再结合每个空的上下文线索，分析句子间的逻辑关系（如指代、因果、顺承、解释说明等），逐一匹配选项：18空需衔接“蓝色的鱼”与“机器鱼”的话题；19空需对应下文的“颜色”描述；20空需解释机器鱼像真鱼的原因；21空需说明鱼成群游的好处；22空需引出机器鱼智能的特点。
【解析】
18. 上文提到“look closer at that blue one”，下文提到“invented the robotic fish”，A选项“它实际上是一个机器鱼！”能衔接前后话题，故选A。
19. 下文提到“The pretty colours of them came from the LED lights”，E选项“除了蓝色的，还有红色和黄色的”对应颜色话题，故选E。
20. 下文提到“That's why the robotic fish acted like real ones”，F选项“仿生关节被安装在它们的头部和尾部”解释了机器鱼像真鱼的原因，故选F。
21. 上文提到“Fish swim together in large groups”，D选项“这有助于它们保持安全，寻找食物和节省能量”说明鱼成群游的好处，衔接上下文，故选D。
22. 下文提到“With the help of AI and sensors, they can 'see' things and avoid them”，B选项“更好的是，这些鱼很智能”引出机器鱼智能的特点，故选B。
【答案】
18.A 19.E 20.F 21.D 22.B
【知识点】
阅读还原、说明文阅读、语境逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题为科技类说明文的阅读还原题，侧重考查学生对上下文语境的逻辑推理能力，需抓住前后文的关键词（如颜色、仿生、成群游、智能等）匹配选项，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6