9. 若$a = 2$,$b = 3$,$c = - 6$,求代数式$\sqrt{a^{2} - 2bc}$的值。
答案
当$a = 2$,$b = 3$,$c = - 6$时,
$\begin{aligned}a^{2}-2bc&=2^{2}-2×3×(-6)\\&=4 - 6×(-6)\\&=4 + 36\\&=40\end{aligned}$
则$\sqrt{a^{2}-2bc}=\sqrt{40}=2\sqrt{10}$
$2\sqrt{10}$
$\begin{aligned}a^{2}-2bc&=2^{2}-2×3×(-6)\\&=4 - 6×(-6)\\&=4 + 36\\&=40\end{aligned}$
则$\sqrt{a^{2}-2bc}=\sqrt{40}=2\sqrt{10}$
$2\sqrt{10}$
10. 古希腊的几何学家海伦,在他的著作《度量》一书中,给出了一个公式:若一个三角形的三边长分别为$a$,$b$,$c$,设$p= \dfrac{a + b + c}{2}$,则这个三角形的面积为$S= \sqrt{p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c)}$。若在$\triangle ABC$中,$BC = 4$,$AC = 5$,$AB = 6$,则$\triangle ABC$的面积为
$\dfrac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}$
。答案
$\dfrac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}$
解析
已知在$\triangle ABC$中,$BC = 4$,$AC = 5$,$AB = 6$,则$a=4$,$b=5$,$c=6$。
首先计算$p$:$p = \dfrac{a + b + c}{2} = \dfrac{4 + 5 + 6}{2} = \dfrac{15}{2} = 7.5$。
然后分别计算$p - a$,$p - b$,$p - c$:
$p - a = 7.5 - 4 = 3.5 = \dfrac{7}{2}$,
$p - b = 7.5 - 5 = 2.5 = \dfrac{5}{2}$,
$p - c = 7.5 - 6 = 1.5 = \dfrac{3}{2}$。
代入海伦公式计算面积$S$:
$S = \sqrt{p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c)} = \sqrt{7.5 × 3.5 × 2.5 × 1.5}$
将小数化为分数:$7.5 = \dfrac{15}{2}$,$3.5 = \dfrac{7}{2}$,$2.5 = \dfrac{5}{2}$,$1.5 = \dfrac{3}{2}$,
则$S = \sqrt{\dfrac{15}{2} × \dfrac{7}{2} × \dfrac{5}{2} × \dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{15 × 7 × 5 × 3}{16}}$
计算分子:$15 × 3 = 45$,$5 × 7 = 35$,$45 × 35 = 1575$,
所以$S = \sqrt{\dfrac{1575}{16}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{1575}}{4} = \dfrac{\sqrt{225 × 7}}{4} = \dfrac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}$。
首先计算$p$:$p = \dfrac{a + b + c}{2} = \dfrac{4 + 5 + 6}{2} = \dfrac{15}{2} = 7.5$。
然后分别计算$p - a$,$p - b$,$p - c$:
$p - a = 7.5 - 4 = 3.5 = \dfrac{7}{2}$,
$p - b = 7.5 - 5 = 2.5 = \dfrac{5}{2}$,
$p - c = 7.5 - 6 = 1.5 = \dfrac{3}{2}$。
代入海伦公式计算面积$S$:
$S = \sqrt{p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c)} = \sqrt{7.5 × 3.5 × 2.5 × 1.5}$
将小数化为分数:$7.5 = \dfrac{15}{2}$,$3.5 = \dfrac{7}{2}$,$2.5 = \dfrac{5}{2}$,$1.5 = \dfrac{3}{2}$,
则$S = \sqrt{\dfrac{15}{2} × \dfrac{7}{2} × \dfrac{5}{2} × \dfrac{3}{2}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{15 × 7 × 5 × 3}{16}}$
计算分子:$15 × 3 = 45$,$5 × 7 = 35$,$45 × 35 = 1575$,
所以$S = \sqrt{\dfrac{1575}{16}} = \dfrac{\sqrt{1575}}{4} = \dfrac{\sqrt{225 × 7}}{4} = \dfrac{15\sqrt{7}}{4}$。
11. 观察下列各式及验证过程:
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}}= \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}$,
验证:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}}= \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2×3}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{2^{2}×3}}= \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}$;
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4})}= \dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}}$,
验证:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4})}= \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2×3×4}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2×3^{2}×4}}= \dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}}$;
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})}= \dfrac{1}{4}\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{15}}$,
验证:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})}= \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3×4×5}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3×4^{2}×5}}= \dfrac{1}{4}\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{15}}$。
(1) 按照上述三个等式及其验证过程中的基本思想,猜想$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6})}$的变形结果并进行验证;
(2) 针对上述各式反映的规律,写出用$n$($n$为任意的正整数)表示的等式,不需要证明。
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}}= \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}$,
验证:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}}= \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2×3}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{2^{2}×3}}= \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}$;
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4})}= \dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}}$,
验证:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4})}= \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2×3×4}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2×3^{2}×4}}= \dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}}$;
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})}= \dfrac{1}{4}\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{15}}$,
验证:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})}= \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3×4×5}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3×4^{2}×5}}= \dfrac{1}{4}\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{15}}$。
(1) 按照上述三个等式及其验证过程中的基本思想,猜想$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6})}$的变形结果并进行验证;
(2) 针对上述各式反映的规律,写出用$n$($n$为任意的正整数)表示的等式,不需要证明。
答案
(1)
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6})}=\dfrac{1}{5}\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}$。
验证:
$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6})}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4×5×6}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4×5^{2}×6}}$
$=\dfrac{1}{5}\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}$
(2)
$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{n}(\dfrac{1}{n + 1}-\dfrac{1}{n + 2})}=\dfrac{1}{n + 1}\sqrt{\dfrac{n + 1}{n(n + 2)}}$($n$为正整数)
猜想:$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6})}=\dfrac{1}{5}\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}$。
验证:
$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6})}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4×5×6}}$
$=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4×5^{2}×6}}$
$=\dfrac{1}{5}\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{24}}$
(2)
$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{n}(\dfrac{1}{n + 1}-\dfrac{1}{n + 2})}=\dfrac{1}{n + 1}\sqrt{\dfrac{n + 1}{n(n + 2)}}$($n$为正整数)
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