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B(真题·宁波鄞州)
Blacksmithing is one of the oldest jobs in the world. Its history goes back over 3,500 years. Now, when we think of a blacksmith, we might picture someone putting shoes on horses. But that's a farrier(钉蹄师)! Farriers and blacksmiths are different, and farriers even learn skills from blacksmiths.
Blacksmiths work with iron and steel. They melt(融化), shape, and join these metals(金属) to make things like gates, tools, and railings. They heat the metal in a forge (a hot place) or a furnace. When the metal gets hot enough, it softens and melts. Then the blacksmith can turn it into any shape.
The Anvil(铁砧)
Next, the blacksmith puts the hot metal on an anvil. An anvil is a big, flat-topped metal block(金属板). The hot metal sits there. The blacksmith uses the hammer(锤子) to make it into the right shape before it cools and becomes hard.
What to wear
Blacksmiths hardly wear uniforms, but they always wear a leather apron. This apron keeps their clothes clean and protects them from hot metal burns.
▲
You can learn this job by working with an experienced blacksmith or studying in school. You can also work and learn at the same time, which is called an apprenticeship (学徒制).
Skills needed
Blacksmiths lift and work with heavy iron and steel, so they need to be strong. They must finish projects without giving up halfway.
Where they work
Blacksmiths work in factories or workshops. They have big open fire pits to melt metals. These coal fires can reach high temperature—20 times hotter than boiling water (100℃)!
(
①Heat the metal in a forge.
②Hammer it on an anvil.
③Choose iron or steel.
④Cool down the metal.
A. ③①②④
B. ①③②④
C. ③②①④
D. ①②③④
(
A.
(
A. How to use an anvil
B. How to be a blacksmith
C. How to use the skills
D. How to choose blacksmith tools
(
A. The coal fires can reach 2000℃.
B. Farriers and blacksmiths do the same job.
C. Blacksmiths can only learn skills in school.
D. Blacksmiths can have a rest before finishing.
Blacksmithing is one of the oldest jobs in the world. Its history goes back over 3,500 years. Now, when we think of a blacksmith, we might picture someone putting shoes on horses. But that's a farrier(钉蹄师)! Farriers and blacksmiths are different, and farriers even learn skills from blacksmiths.
Blacksmiths work with iron and steel. They melt(融化), shape, and join these metals(金属) to make things like gates, tools, and railings. They heat the metal in a forge (a hot place) or a furnace. When the metal gets hot enough, it softens and melts. Then the blacksmith can turn it into any shape.
The Anvil(铁砧)
Next, the blacksmith puts the hot metal on an anvil. An anvil is a big, flat-topped metal block(金属板). The hot metal sits there. The blacksmith uses the hammer(锤子) to make it into the right shape before it cools and becomes hard.
What to wear
Blacksmiths hardly wear uniforms, but they always wear a leather apron. This apron keeps their clothes clean and protects them from hot metal burns.
▲
You can learn this job by working with an experienced blacksmith or studying in school. You can also work and learn at the same time, which is called an apprenticeship (学徒制).
Skills needed
Blacksmiths lift and work with heavy iron and steel, so they need to be strong. They must finish projects without giving up halfway.
Where they work
Blacksmiths work in factories or workshops. They have big open fire pits to melt metals. These coal fires can reach high temperature—20 times hotter than boiling water (100℃)!
(
A
)19. Which of the following is the right steps of making an iron tool?①Heat the metal in a forge.
②Hammer it on an anvil.
③Choose iron or steel.
④Cool down the metal.
A. ③①②④
B. ①③②④
C. ③②①④
D. ①②③④
(
D
)20. Which one in the circles can best show "leather apron" in Paragraph 4?A.
(
B
)21. Which can best put in the blank " ▲ "?A. How to use an anvil
B. How to be a blacksmith
C. How to use the skills
D. How to choose blacksmith tools
(
A
)22. What can we infer from the passage?A. The coal fires can reach 2000℃.
B. Farriers and blacksmiths do the same job.
C. Blacksmiths can only learn skills in school.
D. Blacksmiths can have a rest before finishing.
答案
19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A
解析
【分析】
19题需梳理制作铁工具的步骤，从文章中找到对应流程排序；20题要根据“leather apron”的功能匹配对应图片；21题需结合空白后段落的核心内容确定标题；22题要依据文章细节逐一排除错误选项，推断正确结论。
【解析】
19题：根据文章内容，制作铁工具的步骤为：先选择铁或钢（③），再在熔炉中加热金属（①），接着将热金属放在铁砧上用锤子塑形（②），最后冷却使金属变硬（④），顺序为③①②④，选A。
20题：文章提到“leather apron”是保护衣服、防止烫伤的围裙，观察选项图片，D选项的圈是铁匠身上的围裙，符合描述，选D。
21题：空白后段落围绕如何学习成为铁匠展开（如学徒制、跟经验丰富的铁匠学习或在学校学习），因此标题应为“如何成为一名铁匠”，选B。
22题：A选项：文章指出煤火温度是沸水（100℃）的20倍，即100×20=2000℃，可推断；B选项：文章明确说明Farriers和blacksmiths不同，错误；C选项：学习方式包括跟师傅学或学校，并非只能在学校，错误；D选项：黑smith需坚持完成项目，不能中途放弃，错误，选A。
【答案】
19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，要求学生精准定位文章细节、匹配信息、合理推断，需仔细分析原文内容，逐一验证选项。
【难度系数】
0.5
19题需梳理制作铁工具的步骤，从文章中找到对应流程排序；20题要根据“leather apron”的功能匹配对应图片；21题需结合空白后段落的核心内容确定标题；22题要依据文章细节逐一排除错误选项，推断正确结论。
【解析】
19题：根据文章内容，制作铁工具的步骤为：先选择铁或钢（③），再在熔炉中加热金属（①），接着将热金属放在铁砧上用锤子塑形（②），最后冷却使金属变硬（④），顺序为③①②④，选A。
20题：文章提到“leather apron”是保护衣服、防止烫伤的围裙，观察选项图片，D选项的圈是铁匠身上的围裙，符合描述，选D。
21题：空白后段落围绕如何学习成为铁匠展开（如学徒制、跟经验丰富的铁匠学习或在学校学习），因此标题应为“如何成为一名铁匠”，选B。
22题：A选项：文章指出煤火温度是沸水（100℃）的20倍，即100×20=2000℃，可推断；B选项：文章明确说明Farriers和blacksmiths不同，错误；C选项：学习方式包括跟师傅学或学校，并非只能在学校，错误；D选项：黑smith需坚持完成项目，不能中途放弃，错误，选A。
【答案】
19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，要求学生精准定位文章细节、匹配信息、合理推断，需仔细分析原文内容，逐一验证选项。
【难度系数】
0.5
