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新素材 美洲原住民捕鱼传统 Cold nights do not stop 15-year-old Gabe Bisonette. He has been learning fishing with a spear(矛) on a lake, a tradition of the Ojibwe Native American tribe(部落), for a long time. They are fighting to keep this way of fishing alive. But there are fewer and fewer walleye fish in the lake because of warming waters, seasonal changes and lake development. Climate change is influencing the home of the fish. Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters. But because of long periods of dry weather, or drought, the flow of rivers into the lake has lessened. This leads to clearer water.
Losing this kind of fish would mean losing a food source for village members and a deep connection to tradition and nature.
People in the village say that with science and good management, they will be able to continue this tradition in the future. But there are also worries about the changes that are already happening.
People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition. For walleye fishing, people are required to get permits(许可证) that control the number of fish they can take. And some lakes are filled with fish born in a hatchery(孵化场) and put into the lake. But in many cases, the goal is still to increase natural reproduction.
As inland lakes warm with climate change, tribe members experience the influences first. With their knowledge of the lakes, Bisonette and others who put their hopes in fishing with a spear will continue to fight for it.
For now, because of protection efforts, Martin, Bisonette's father, catches enough fish in the traditional way to help feed elders in the village. He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them. Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders.
1. What helps walleye fish grow well?
A. The enough food.
B. The warm weather.
C. The unclear water.
D. The traditional fishing methods.
2. 语言能力 归纳能力 What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?
A. History of spear fishing.
B. Worries about the walleye fish's situation.
C. Ways to protect walleye fish.
D. Importance of following tradition.
3. Why does Martin work for a long time?
A. To prepare food for the old in the village.
B. To spread the importance of fish protection.
C. To teach others how to keep traditional fishing.
D. To share ancient stories with other tribe members.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Clean Water May Sometimes Mean No Fish
B. Technology Helps Save Traditional Culture
C. Traditional Fishing Methods Are Disappearing
D. Climate Change Influences Traditional Fishing
Losing this kind of fish would mean losing a food source for village members and a deep connection to tradition and nature.
People in the village say that with science and good management, they will be able to continue this tradition in the future. But there are also worries about the changes that are already happening.
People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition. For walleye fishing, people are required to get permits(许可证) that control the number of fish they can take. And some lakes are filled with fish born in a hatchery(孵化场) and put into the lake. But in many cases, the goal is still to increase natural reproduction.
As inland lakes warm with climate change, tribe members experience the influences first. With their knowledge of the lakes, Bisonette and others who put their hopes in fishing with a spear will continue to fight for it.
For now, because of protection efforts, Martin, Bisonette's father, catches enough fish in the traditional way to help feed elders in the village. He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them. Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders.
1. What helps walleye fish grow well?
A. The enough food.
B. The warm weather.
C. The unclear water.
D. The traditional fishing methods.
2. 语言能力 归纳能力 What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?
A. History of spear fishing.
B. Worries about the walleye fish's situation.
C. Ways to protect walleye fish.
D. Importance of following tradition.
3. Why does Martin work for a long time?
A. To prepare food for the old in the village.
B. To spread the importance of fish protection.
C. To teach others how to keep traditional fishing.
D. To share ancient stories with other tribe members.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Clean Water May Sometimes Mean No Fish
B. Technology Helps Save Traditional Culture
C. Traditional Fishing Methods Are Disappearing
D. Climate Change Influences Traditional Fishing
答案
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述气候变化影响Ojibwe美洲原住民部落居民的捕鱼传统文化以及他们正努力采取措施补救。
1. C 解析:细节理解题。由文章第一段"Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters."可知,碧古鱼在不清澈的水域里能很好地生长。故选C。
2. C 解析:段落大意题。由文章第四段"People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition."可知,人们正在寻找保护碧古鱼和捕鱼传统的方法,比如捕鱼需要许可证,放鱼苗,让鱼更多地自然繁殖。因此本段主要讲述保护碧古鱼的方法。故选C。
3. A 解析:细节理解题。由文章最后一段"Martin ... He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them. Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders."可知,Martin要长时间工作来为村里的老人准备食物。故选A。
4. D 解析:标题归纳题。由文章第一段"They are fighting to keep this way of fishing alive ... Climate change is influencing the home of the fish."以及上下文可知,气候变化影响了Ojibwe美洲原住民部落居民的捕鱼传统文化,他们正努力采取措施补救。所以D项"气候变化影响传统渔业"符合语境。故选D。
易错提醒 A选项"干净的水有时可能意味着没有鱼"在文章介绍碧古鱼减少的原因时有提及,但是鱼减少的根本原因是气候变化,A选项只描述了表面现象,故排除;B选项"科技有助于拯救传统文化",文章中并没有提及利用科技,且"传统文化"的范围比较大,文章介绍的是捕鱼传统文化;C选项"传统的捕鱼方法正在消失"与人们在努力寻找方法保护捕鱼传统的情况不相符。
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述气候变化影响Ojibwe美洲原住民部落居民的捕鱼传统文化以及他们正努力采取措施补救。
1. C 解析:细节理解题。由文章第一段"Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters."可知,碧古鱼在不清澈的水域里能很好地生长。故选C。
2. C 解析:段落大意题。由文章第四段"People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition."可知,人们正在寻找保护碧古鱼和捕鱼传统的方法,比如捕鱼需要许可证,放鱼苗,让鱼更多地自然繁殖。因此本段主要讲述保护碧古鱼的方法。故选C。
3. A 解析:细节理解题。由文章最后一段"Martin ... He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them. Martin says he loves these visits because he gets to listen to stories of the elders."可知,Martin要长时间工作来为村里的老人准备食物。故选A。
4. D 解析:标题归纳题。由文章第一段"They are fighting to keep this way of fishing alive ... Climate change is influencing the home of the fish."以及上下文可知,气候变化影响了Ojibwe美洲原住民部落居民的捕鱼传统文化,他们正努力采取措施补救。所以D项"气候变化影响传统渔业"符合语境。故选D。
易错提醒 A选项"干净的水有时可能意味着没有鱼"在文章介绍碧古鱼减少的原因时有提及,但是鱼减少的根本原因是气候变化,A选项只描述了表面现象,故排除;B选项"科技有助于拯救传统文化",文章中并没有提及利用科技,且"传统文化"的范围比较大,文章介绍的是捕鱼传统文化;C选项"传统的捕鱼方法正在消失"与人们在努力寻找方法保护捕鱼传统的情况不相符。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人文主题的阅读理解题，解题时可以按照先明确题型、再回文定位的思路推进：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，先圈出题干关键词"walleye fish grow well"，回到原文第一段精准定位相关描述，直接匹配选项即可得到答案。
2. 第2题是段落大意题，优先找第四段的段首中心句，再结合段内列举的具体举措，就能明确本段核心内容，排除不符合的选项。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，圈出题干关键词"Martin work for a long time"，回到最后一段定位对应的语句，匹配选项就能得到正确结论。
4. 第4题是标题归纳题，需要梳理全文核心主线：气候变化影响当地碧古鱼生存，进而冲击原住民的传统捕鱼文化，人们正采取措施保护该传统，对比选项排除仅覆盖局部内容、和原文不符的干扰项，选出最贴合全文主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段"Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters."可知，碧古鱼在浑浊（不清澈）的水域中生长状态最好，对应选项C。A选项充足食物、B选项温暖天气、D选项传统捕鱼方法均不是原文提到的利于碧古鱼生长的条件，排除。
2. 段落大意题：第四段首句"People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition."是本段中心句，后续内容列举了办理捕鱼许可证管控捕捞量、投放孵化场鱼苗、促进自然繁殖等具体保护举措，因此本段核心是介绍保护碧古鱼的方法，对应选项C。A选项矛捕鱼的历史本段未提及，B选项对碧古鱼处境的担忧是第三段内容，D选项遵守传统的重要性不是本段核心，均排除。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文最后一段"He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them."可知，Martin长时间工作是为了处理好捕获的鱼，送给村里的老人作为食物，对应选项A。B选项传播护鱼重要性、C选项教授传统捕鱼方法、D选项和部落成员分享古老故事均不符合原文描述，排除。
4. 标题归纳题：全文围绕气候变化导致水域环境改变，影响碧古鱼生存，进而冲击美洲原住民的传统捕鱼文化，当地部落居民正采取各类措施保护该传统展开，核心主线是气候变化对传统捕鱼的影响，对应选项D。A选项仅提及清水不利于鱼生长，属于局部细节，不能覆盖全文；B选项提到科技助力拯救文化，原文未提及相关科技内容；C选项称传统捕鱼方法正在消失，和原文人们全力保护该传统的内容相悖，三个选项均排除。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，段落主旨归纳，全文主旨判断
【点评】
本题选用美洲原住民传统捕鱼的新情境素材，考点覆盖阅读理解的常规核心题型，既考查学生快速从原文精准定位细节的能力，也要求学生区分局部信息和全文主旨，避开片面干扰项的陷阱，整体难度适中，能有效锻炼学生的信息筛选和归纳能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇人文主题的阅读理解题，解题时可以按照先明确题型、再回文定位的思路推进：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，先圈出题干关键词"walleye fish grow well"，回到原文第一段精准定位相关描述，直接匹配选项即可得到答案。
2. 第2题是段落大意题，优先找第四段的段首中心句，再结合段内列举的具体举措，就能明确本段核心内容，排除不符合的选项。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，圈出题干关键词"Martin work for a long time"，回到最后一段定位对应的语句，匹配选项就能得到正确结论。
4. 第4题是标题归纳题，需要梳理全文核心主线：气候变化影响当地碧古鱼生存，进而冲击原住民的传统捕鱼文化，人们正采取措施保护该传统，对比选项排除仅覆盖局部内容、和原文不符的干扰项，选出最贴合全文主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段"Walleye fish grow best in unclear waters."可知，碧古鱼在浑浊（不清澈）的水域中生长状态最好，对应选项C。A选项充足食物、B选项温暖天气、D选项传统捕鱼方法均不是原文提到的利于碧古鱼生长的条件，排除。
2. 段落大意题：第四段首句"People are finding ways to protect walleye fish and the fishing tradition."是本段中心句，后续内容列举了办理捕鱼许可证管控捕捞量、投放孵化场鱼苗、促进自然繁殖等具体保护举措，因此本段核心是介绍保护碧古鱼的方法，对应选项C。A选项矛捕鱼的历史本段未提及，B选项对碧古鱼处境的担忧是第三段内容，D选项遵守传统的重要性不是本段核心，均排除。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文最后一段"He and others work long hours to get the fish ready and take it to them."可知，Martin长时间工作是为了处理好捕获的鱼，送给村里的老人作为食物，对应选项A。B选项传播护鱼重要性、C选项教授传统捕鱼方法、D选项和部落成员分享古老故事均不符合原文描述，排除。
4. 标题归纳题：全文围绕气候变化导致水域环境改变，影响碧古鱼生存，进而冲击美洲原住民的传统捕鱼文化，当地部落居民正采取各类措施保护该传统展开，核心主线是气候变化对传统捕鱼的影响，对应选项D。A选项仅提及清水不利于鱼生长，属于局部细节，不能覆盖全文；B选项提到科技助力拯救文化，原文未提及相关科技内容；C选项称传统捕鱼方法正在消失，和原文人们全力保护该传统的内容相悖，三个选项均排除。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，段落主旨归纳，全文主旨判断
【点评】
本题选用美洲原住民传统捕鱼的新情境素材，考点覆盖阅读理解的常规核心题型，既考查学生快速从原文精准定位细节的能力，也要求学生区分局部信息和全文主旨，避开片面干扰项的陷阱，整体难度适中，能有效锻炼学生的信息筛选和归纳能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
