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「2026重庆八中月考」
Hurricanes (飓风) can damage buildings, coasts, and roads. They can also affect people's lives. A new study shows that one group might have a higher chance of dying because of hurricanes.
Researchers from the University of Michigan studied how hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence affected how long people with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病) and related memory problems lived.
In a study published in JAMA Network Open, the researchers wrote that older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and other memory problems are especially at risk during disasters because they depend on others for help. Previous studies have found that more people died after hurricanes, but not much is known about how they affect older adults with memory problems. So, they looked at how hurricanes affected the number of deaths among older adults with memory problems in the US.
Based on their research, older adults with memory problems who experienced hurricanes Harvey and Irma had a higher chance of passing away compared to those who were not affected. The study looked at about 350,000 people in each group. Within a year of the hurricanes, 54,340 people with memory problems passed away, with 10.9% of the deaths connected to Hurricane Harvey and 6.2% to Hurricane Irma.
Furthermore, the number of deaths was highest between three and six months after hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Researchers believe that these deaths were not caused by the immediate effects of the storms, but were more likely because of things that happened later on.
1. According to the article, what did researchers from the University of Michigan study?
A. How hurricanes had an influence on people’s daily lives.
B. Whether hurricanes could cause people to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
C. How hurricanes affected the length of life of people with memory problems.
D. Why older adults got a memory loss after hurricanes.
2. During the year, how many people who experienced Hurricane Harvey passed away?
A. About 38,150.
B. About 54,340.
C. About 5,923.
D. About 3,369.
3. Why do older adults with memory problems have a higher chance of dying during and after disasters?
A. Because they always forget to run away when a disaster happens.
B. Because their physical health is not as good as that of young people.
C. Because they often depend on others for care, especially during disasters.
D. Because the disasters and emergencies make them too scared to live alone.
4. Which sentence uses “immediate” with the same meaning as the underlined word in the last paragraph?
A. The doctor said the patient needs immediate treatment, or he may lose his life at any time.
B. At the family party, only her immediate family—mom, dad and sister—sat at the main table.
C. The hotel is in immediate nearness to the train station. You can just arrive there on foot.
D. The immediate reason for the accident is still unknown, so the police are still working on it.
5. What does the writer want to tell us in this text?
A. Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence had terrible influence on people.
B. Natural disasters can have indirect effects, especially on the weak people.
C. When disasters happen, we should take care of those who have memory problems.
D. The research shows that storms do not cause the deaths of those with memory problems.
「2026重庆八中月考」
Hurricanes (飓风) can damage buildings, coasts, and roads. They can also affect people's lives. A new study shows that one group might have a higher chance of dying because of hurricanes.
Researchers from the University of Michigan studied how hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence affected how long people with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病) and related memory problems lived.
In a study published in JAMA Network Open, the researchers wrote that older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and other memory problems are especially at risk during disasters because they depend on others for help. Previous studies have found that more people died after hurricanes, but not much is known about how they affect older adults with memory problems. So, they looked at how hurricanes affected the number of deaths among older adults with memory problems in the US.
Based on their research, older adults with memory problems who experienced hurricanes Harvey and Irma had a higher chance of passing away compared to those who were not affected. The study looked at about 350,000 people in each group. Within a year of the hurricanes, 54,340 people with memory problems passed away, with 10.9% of the deaths connected to Hurricane Harvey and 6.2% to Hurricane Irma.
Furthermore, the number of deaths was highest between three and six months after hurricanes Harvey and Irma. Researchers believe that these deaths were not caused by the immediate effects of the storms, but were more likely because of things that happened later on.
1. According to the article, what did researchers from the University of Michigan study?
A. How hurricanes had an influence on people’s daily lives.
B. Whether hurricanes could cause people to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
C. How hurricanes affected the length of life of people with memory problems.
D. Why older adults got a memory loss after hurricanes.
2. During the year, how many people who experienced Hurricane Harvey passed away?
A. About 38,150.
B. About 54,340.
C. About 5,923.
D. About 3,369.
3. Why do older adults with memory problems have a higher chance of dying during and after disasters?
A. Because they always forget to run away when a disaster happens.
B. Because their physical health is not as good as that of young people.
C. Because they often depend on others for care, especially during disasters.
D. Because the disasters and emergencies make them too scared to live alone.
4. Which sentence uses “immediate” with the same meaning as the underlined word in the last paragraph?
A. The doctor said the patient needs immediate treatment, or he may lose his life at any time.
B. At the family party, only her immediate family—mom, dad and sister—sat at the main table.
C. The hotel is in immediate nearness to the train station. You can just arrive there on foot.
D. The immediate reason for the accident is still unknown, so the police are still working on it.
5. What does the writer want to tell us in this text?
A. Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence had terrible influence on people.
B. Natural disasters can have indirect effects, especially on the weak people.
C. When disasters happen, we should take care of those who have memory problems.
D. The research shows that storms do not cause the deaths of those with memory problems.
答案
1.C 细节理解题。根据“Researchers from the University of Michigan studied how hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence affected how long people with Alzheimer's disease and related memory problems lived.”可知,该研究的内容是飓风对有记忆问题人群寿命的影响。故选C。
2.C 数字计算题。根据“Within a year of the hurricanes, 54,340 people with memory problems passed away, with 10.9% of the deaths connected to Hurricane Harvey and 6.2% to Hurricane Irma.”可知,在飓风哈维过后的一年里,约有$(54,340×10.9\%≈)$5,923人死亡。故选C。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“older adults with Alzheimer's disease and other memory problems are especially at risk during disasters because they depend on others for help”可知,有记忆问题的老年人在灾害中死亡风险更高,是因为他们依赖他人照顾,尤其是在灾害期间。故选C。
4.D 词义猜测题。根据语境可知,文中的immediate意为“直接的”,A选项中的immediate意为“立刻的”;B选项中的immediate意为“直系的”,C选项中的immediate意为“紧邻的”,D选项中的immediate意为“直接的”,与文中含义一致。故选D。
5.B 推理判断题。全文通过研究表明,飓风等自然灾害对弱势群体(如记忆障碍患者)有间接影响,其死亡人数在灾后3—6个月达到高峰,并非由自然灾害直接导致,而是后续因素引发。因此作者想传达的是“自然灾害会对弱势群体产生间接影响”。故选B。
2.C 数字计算题。根据“Within a year of the hurricanes, 54,340 people with memory problems passed away, with 10.9% of the deaths connected to Hurricane Harvey and 6.2% to Hurricane Irma.”可知,在飓风哈维过后的一年里,约有$(54,340×10.9\%≈)$5,923人死亡。故选C。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“older adults with Alzheimer's disease and other memory problems are especially at risk during disasters because they depend on others for help”可知,有记忆问题的老年人在灾害中死亡风险更高,是因为他们依赖他人照顾,尤其是在灾害期间。故选C。
4.D 词义猜测题。根据语境可知,文中的immediate意为“直接的”,A选项中的immediate意为“立刻的”;B选项中的immediate意为“直系的”,C选项中的immediate意为“紧邻的”,D选项中的immediate意为“直接的”,与文中含义一致。故选D。
5.B 推理判断题。全文通过研究表明,飓风等自然灾害对弱势群体(如记忆障碍患者)有间接影响,其死亡人数在灾后3—6个月达到高峰,并非由自然灾害直接导致,而是后续因素引发。因此作者想传达的是“自然灾害会对弱势群体产生间接影响”。故选B。
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕密歇根大学关于飓风对有记忆问题人群寿命影响的研究设置5道题，涵盖细节理解、数字计算、词义猜测、推理判断四类题型。解题思路：1. 细节理解题需精准定位原文对应语句，匹配选项内容；2. 数字计算题需找到题干关联数据，准确计算得出结果；3. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境判断词汇含义，再逐一对比选项确定答案；4. 推理判断题需梳理全文逻辑，把握作者核心意图，排除干扰项。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段“Researchers from the University of Michigan studied how hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence affected how long people with Alzheimer’s disease and related memory problems lived.”，可知研究内容为飓风对有记忆问题人群寿命的影响，对应选项C。2. 数字计算题：定位原文第四段“Within a year of the hurricanes, 54,340 people with memory problems passed away, with 10.9% of the deaths connected to Hurricane Harvey”，计算得54340×10.9%≈5923，对应选项C。3. 细节理解题：定位原文第三段“older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and other memory problems are especially at risk during disasters because they depend on others for help”，可知有记忆问题的老年人死亡风险高的原因是依赖他人照顾，对应选项C。4. 词义猜测题：原文中immediate所在句意为“这些死亡并非由风暴的直接影响导致，更可能源于后续事件”，故immediate意为“直接的”；选项A意为“立刻的”，B意为“直系的”，C意为“紧邻的”，D意为“直接的”，对应选项D。5. 推理判断题：全文通过研究表明，飓风等自然灾害对记忆障碍患者等弱势群体有间接影响，死亡高峰在灾后3-6个月，并非直接导致，作者意在传达“自然灾害会对弱势群体产生间接影响”，对应选项B。
【答案】1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解细节题、英语阅读理解词义猜测题、英语阅读理解主旨大意题
【点评】本题为科技类英语阅读理解，考查学生的信息定位、数字计算、词义辨析及主旨把握能力，题型常规，需学生仔细研读原文，准确提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段“Researchers from the University of Michigan studied how hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Florence affected how long people with Alzheimer’s disease and related memory problems lived.”，可知研究内容为飓风对有记忆问题人群寿命的影响，对应选项C。2. 数字计算题：定位原文第四段“Within a year of the hurricanes, 54,340 people with memory problems passed away, with 10.9% of the deaths connected to Hurricane Harvey”，计算得54340×10.9%≈5923，对应选项C。3. 细节理解题：定位原文第三段“older adults with Alzheimer’s disease and other memory problems are especially at risk during disasters because they depend on others for help”，可知有记忆问题的老年人死亡风险高的原因是依赖他人照顾，对应选项C。4. 词义猜测题：原文中immediate所在句意为“这些死亡并非由风暴的直接影响导致，更可能源于后续事件”，故immediate意为“直接的”；选项A意为“立刻的”，B意为“直系的”，C意为“紧邻的”，D意为“直接的”，对应选项D。5. 推理判断题：全文通过研究表明，飓风等自然灾害对记忆障碍患者等弱势群体有间接影响，死亡高峰在灾后3-6个月，并非直接导致，作者意在传达“自然灾害会对弱势群体产生间接影响”，对应选项B。
【答案】1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解细节题、英语阅读理解词义猜测题、英语阅读理解主旨大意题
【点评】本题为科技类英语阅读理解，考查学生的信息定位、数字计算、词义辨析及主旨把握能力，题型常规，需学生仔细研读原文，准确提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
