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六、短文填空
阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。
A stress-relief (解压的) toy called “nienie” is now popular. And the good news is that you can (1)
First, gather the things you’ll need, including special glue, special coloured paint, a mould (模具), Vaseline (凡士林), (4)
You can play with the (9)
阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。
A stress-relief (解压的) toy called “nienie” is now popular. And the good news is that you can (1)
easily
(easy) make one at home! With just a few (2) materials
(material) and simple steps, you can create (3) your
(you) own fun toy.First, gather the things you’ll need, including special glue, special coloured paint, a mould (模具), Vaseline (凡士林), (4)
a
small brush, and some soap. To start with, use the brush (5) to spread
(spread) some Vaseline inside the mould. This step is important (6) because
it helps the nienie come out easily later. Next, pour the glue and coloured paint into the mould and let them dry completely. Once they are dry, slowly take the nienie out of the mould. You can do this step in water (7) to make
(make) it easier. Then, wash the nienie with the soap (8) until/till
it’s clean. Now, your home-made nienie is ready!You can play with the (9)
relaxing
(relax) toy by squeezing (挤压) and stretching (拉长) it. (10) Making
(make) a nienie is fun, and it also allows you to create a unique toy in your favourite colours. Try it out and have a great time!答案
1. easily 2. materials 3. your 4. a 5. to spread
6. because 7. to make 8. until/till 9. relaxing 10. Making
6. because 7. to make 8. until/till 9. relaxing 10. Making
解析
【分析】
先通读短文理解解压玩具制作的语境，再结合每个空格的语法规则（词性、固定搭配、冠词、连词、非谓语形式等）逐一分析：1. 修饰动词需用副词；2. a few后接可数名词复数；3. 修饰名词需用形容词性物主代词；4. 泛指单数可数名词用不定冠词；5. 固定搭配use sth to do sth；6. 因果关系用连词；7. 表目的用不定式；8. 时间关系用连词；9. 修饰物用-ing类形容词；10. 作主语用动名词。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰动词make，需用easy的副词形式，故填easily；
2. a few后接可数名词复数，material变复数为materials，故填materials；
3. 空格修饰名词own，需用you的形容词性物主代词，故填your；
4. 此处泛指“一个小刷子”，small以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a；
5. 固定搭配use sth to do sth（用某物做某事），故填to spread；
6. 前句说明步骤重要，后句解释原因，用连词because，故填because；
7. 此处表“为了让它更容易”的目的，用不定式to make，故填to make；
8. 句意为“用肥皂洗直到干净”，用连词until/till，故填until/till；
9. 空格修饰名词toy，需用-ing类形容词relaxing（修饰物），故填relaxing；
10. 此处作主语，用动名词Making（句首首字母大写），故填Making；
【答案】
1. easily 2. materials 3. your 4. a 5. to spread 6. because 7. to make 8. until/till 9. relaxing 10. Making
【知识点】
副词的用法、名词复数、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题为英语短文填空题，考查学生对词汇变形、基础语法的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境分析，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
先通读短文理解解压玩具制作的语境，再结合每个空格的语法规则（词性、固定搭配、冠词、连词、非谓语形式等）逐一分析：1. 修饰动词需用副词；2. a few后接可数名词复数；3. 修饰名词需用形容词性物主代词；4. 泛指单数可数名词用不定冠词；5. 固定搭配use sth to do sth；6. 因果关系用连词；7. 表目的用不定式；8. 时间关系用连词；9. 修饰物用-ing类形容词；10. 作主语用动名词。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰动词make，需用easy的副词形式，故填easily；
2. a few后接可数名词复数，material变复数为materials，故填materials；
3. 空格修饰名词own，需用you的形容词性物主代词，故填your；
4. 此处泛指“一个小刷子”，small以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a；
5. 固定搭配use sth to do sth（用某物做某事），故填to spread；
6. 前句说明步骤重要，后句解释原因，用连词because，故填because；
7. 此处表“为了让它更容易”的目的，用不定式to make，故填to make；
8. 句意为“用肥皂洗直到干净”，用连词until/till，故填until/till；
9. 空格修饰名词toy，需用-ing类形容词relaxing（修饰物），故填relaxing；
10. 此处作主语，用动名词Making（句首首字母大写），故填Making；
【答案】
1. easily 2. materials 3. your 4. a 5. to spread 6. because 7. to make 8. until/till 9. relaxing 10. Making
【知识点】
副词的用法、名词复数、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题为英语短文填空题，考查学生对词汇变形、基础语法的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语境分析，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
七、阅读短文，回答问题
Jingdezhen is a small city in Jiangxi Province, famous worldwide for its blue and white porcelain (青花瓷). The porcelain is known for its white background and blue patterns, and it is praised for being “as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, and as thin as paper”.
Zhou Guozhen, a famous ceramic (陶瓷的) artist, has worked in Jingdezhen for many years. He says that making a piece of blue and white porcelain requires 72 steps, and the most important step is to shape the clay into a perfect form. In the workshop, a half-dried porcelain body spins (旋转) on a wheel. “It cannot spin too slowly or too fast. If it’s too slowly, it will leave knife marks. If it’s too fast, it will lose its shape,” Zhou explains. Holding a special knife, he gently touches the spinning clay, and chips of clay fall like snow.
Then, a special chicken-head brush is used to paint on the plain body, creating landscapes, flowers or birds. After being fired at 1320℃, the final product is complete. The making process is as amazing as the work itself!
1. What is the porcelain in Jingdezhen famous for?
2. According to Zhou Guozhen, what is the most important step in his work?
3. What will happen to the half-dried porcelain body if it spins too fast?
4. What tool is used to paint on the plain body?
5. What good quality do you think Zhou Guozhen has?
Jingdezhen is a small city in Jiangxi Province, famous worldwide for its blue and white porcelain (青花瓷). The porcelain is known for its white background and blue patterns, and it is praised for being “as white as jade, as bright as a mirror, and as thin as paper”.
Zhou Guozhen, a famous ceramic (陶瓷的) artist, has worked in Jingdezhen for many years. He says that making a piece of blue and white porcelain requires 72 steps, and the most important step is to shape the clay into a perfect form. In the workshop, a half-dried porcelain body spins (旋转) on a wheel. “It cannot spin too slowly or too fast. If it’s too slowly, it will leave knife marks. If it’s too fast, it will lose its shape,” Zhou explains. Holding a special knife, he gently touches the spinning clay, and chips of clay fall like snow.
Then, a special chicken-head brush is used to paint on the plain body, creating landscapes, flowers or birds. After being fired at 1320℃, the final product is complete. The making process is as amazing as the work itself!
1. What is the porcelain in Jingdezhen famous for?
Its white background and blue patterns.
2. According to Zhou Guozhen, what is the most important step in his work?
To shape the clay into a perfect form.
3. What will happen to the half-dried porcelain body if it spins too fast?
It will lose its shape.
4. What tool is used to paint on the plain body?
A special chicken-head brush.
5. What good quality do you think Zhou Guozhen has?
He is very careful/patient with his work.(答案合理即可)
答案
1. Its white background and blue patterns.
2. To shape the clay into a perfect form.
3. It will lose its shape.
4. A special chicken-head brush.
5. He is very careful/patient with his work.（答案合理即可）
2. To shape the clay into a perfect form.
3. It will lose its shape.
4. A special chicken-head brush.
5. He is very careful/patient with his work.（答案合理即可）
解析
【分析】
本题是英语阅读理解的细节理解题，解题时需先通读短文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的关键词回到原文定位对应语句，提取关键信息整理答案；第五题需结合人物行为合理推断品质。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句“The porcelain is known for its white background and blue patterns”，可知景德镇瓷器以白色底色和蓝色图案闻名。
2. 定位原文第二段第二句“the most important step is to shape the clay into a perfect form”，可知周国珍认为最重要的步骤是将黏土塑成完美的形状。
3. 定位原文第二段倒数第二句“If it’s too fast, it will lose its shape”，可知半干瓷胎旋转太快会变形。
4. 定位原文第三段第一句“Then, a special chicken-head brush is used to paint on the plain body”，可知绘画用的工具是特殊的鸡头刷。
5. 从周国珍控制瓷胎旋转速度、用特殊工具细致操作等行为，可推断他对工作细心、有耐心，答案合理即可。
【答案】
1. Its white background and blue patterns.
2. To shape the clay into a perfect form.
3. It will lose its shape.
4. A special chicken-head brush.
5. He is very careful/patient with his work.（答案合理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解细节类题目，考查学生从文本提取信息及合理推断的能力，难度不大，认真阅读原文即可作答。
【难度系数】
0.3
本题是英语阅读理解的细节理解题，解题时需先通读短文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的关键词回到原文定位对应语句，提取关键信息整理答案；第五题需结合人物行为合理推断品质。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句“The porcelain is known for its white background and blue patterns”，可知景德镇瓷器以白色底色和蓝色图案闻名。
2. 定位原文第二段第二句“the most important step is to shape the clay into a perfect form”，可知周国珍认为最重要的步骤是将黏土塑成完美的形状。
3. 定位原文第二段倒数第二句“If it’s too fast, it will lose its shape”，可知半干瓷胎旋转太快会变形。
4. 定位原文第三段第一句“Then, a special chicken-head brush is used to paint on the plain body”，可知绘画用的工具是特殊的鸡头刷。
5. 从周国珍控制瓷胎旋转速度、用特殊工具细致操作等行为，可推断他对工作细心、有耐心，答案合理即可。
【答案】
1. Its white background and blue patterns.
2. To shape the clay into a perfect form.
3. It will lose its shape.
4. A special chicken-head brush.
5. He is very careful/patient with his work.（答案合理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解细节类题目，考查学生从文本提取信息及合理推断的能力，难度不大，认真阅读原文即可作答。
【难度系数】
0.3
