用方框中所给单词的适当形式补全短文（有两词多余）
新风向·语篇串考课本新词
litter, if, peace, recycle, industry, before, pollute, of, toothbrush, negative, another, in
I think everybody should take care of the environment.
I try to save water in many ways. For example, I turn off the tap when I brush my teeth with my 1. .
Do we 2. at home? Yes! My little sister used an old plastic bottle to make a small pot for growing grass last week. I was proud 3. her. We use our plastic bags again and again, or
we put other 4. like beer bottles and waste paper in them.
Factories make much pollution. 5. areas with many factories produce harmful waste. It has a(n) 6. effect on people's health. The government and the factories should do something to protect the environment.
More people should ride bikes, take buses or walk. Riding a bike hardly 7. the air. Buses make less pollution than cars. Walking is 8. excellent choice. After a hard day, walking along the street and enjoying the sunset can bring us a feeling of 9. .
In fact, 10. each of us makes a small change in our lives, we can make a big difference to our environment. We just need to try.

1. toothbrush 2. recycle 3. of 4. litter 5. Industrial
6. negative 7. pollutes 8. another 9. peace 10. if

【分析】
先通读短文把握环保主题，明确每个空格的语境与语法结构，结合所给单词的词义，同时注意词的适当形式变化（如动词第三人称单数、形容词变形等），排除多余词汇，逐一确定每个空的答案。
【解析】
1. 由前文“brush my teeth”可知，此处指刷牙用的牙刷，故填toothbrush；
2. 后文提到用旧塑料瓶制作花盆，体现回收利用，助动词do后接动词原形，故填recycle；
3. 固定搭配be proud of意为“为……感到骄傲”，故填of；
4. 后文列举啤酒瓶、废纸等物品，属于垃圾范畴，litter意为“垃圾”，符合语境，故填litter；
5. 此处修饰名词areas，需用形容词，industry的形容词形式为Industrial（工业的），句首首字母大写，故填Industrial；
6. 此处修饰名词effect，需用形容词，negative意为“负面的”，符合“对健康有负面影响”的语境，故填negative；
7. 主语Riding a bike是动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合语境“几乎不污染空气”，故填pollutes；
8. 此处表示“另一个”选择，another符合语境，故填another；
9. 由“feeling of”可知，此处需填名词，peace意为“平静”，符合语境，故填peace；
10. 此处引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，故填if。
【答案】
1. toothbrush 2. recycle 3. of 4. litter 5. Industrial 6. negative 7. pollutes 8. another 9. peace 10. if
【知识点】
词汇适当形式填空、固定搭配、语境理解
【点评】
本题为语篇型词汇运用题，围绕环保主题展开，考查学生对词汇词义、词性、固定搭配及语境的综合运用能力，需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则选择正确词形，难度适中，是初中英语常见题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

阅读理解 垃圾变身记
素养:思维品质 难度:难 用时:8分钟
[新素材][2025邯郸市育华中学一模改编]
Did you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry? It takes about 3,072 hours to produce a single grain (谷粒) of rice, yet it only takes a second to waste it. In October, students from Beijing No. 8 Middle School visited an exhibition centre. The centre showed how to recycle kitchen waste.
They saw how people changed kitchen waste into something useful. “First, people collect the kitchen waste and then crush (压碎) it. After that, they take out the solid (固体的) part and break it down before turning it into a soil conditioner (土壤调理剂),” 13-year-old Lu Zichen said. He added that this conditioner can help make the soil better.
The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste. The fertilizer helps plants grow. Qi Yiming, 13, even tried making it himself. “It’s quite simple. First, you place the kitchen waste into a container. Then you add microbial agents (微生物菌剂), and let it sit for a few days to get the fertilizer,” Qi explained. “I am so glad to use the chemical (化学的) knowledge I gained to make liquid fertilizer myself. It is profitable in daily life. It is a wonderful experience.”
Yu Qian, a teacher from the school and the organizer of the activity, talked about the importance of hands-on learning. “I hope students not only pay attention to the textbook but also go outside to put their knowledge into practice. It makes learning more interesting and useful,” she said.
1. [新考法·写作手法题] How does the writer begin the text?
A. By showing a saying.
B. By telling a story.
C. By sending a message.
D. By asking a question.
2. What is the soil conditioner used for?
A. To break the solid part down.
B. To crush the kitchen waste.
C. To make the soil better.
D. To collect the kitchen waste.
3. What does Paragraph 3 tell us?
A. How to learn chemistry well.
B. How to collect kitchen waste.
C. How to make liquid fertilizer.
D. How to grow plants better.
4. Which word is close in meaning to the underlined word “profitable”?
A. Harmful.
B. Helpful.
C. Useless.
D. Believable.
5. What can be a proper title for the text?
A. Rubbish Turned into Treasure
B. The Importance of Recycling Kitchen Waste
C. A Visit to the Exhibition Centre
D. Ways to Protect the Environment

【解题导语】本文是关于北京市第八中学的学生参观展览中心,学习如何回收利用厨余垃圾,使之变成土壤调理剂和液体肥料的活动介绍。最后,该校的一位老师兼此次活动的组织者指出让学生动手操作的实践活动可以使学习既有趣又有用。
1. D 写作手法题。根据文章第一段中的“Did you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry?”可知,作者通过提问题的方式展开了这篇文章。故D项符合题意。
三步妙解写作手法题
Step 1:明题意。阅读题干,确定设题位置:一般考查在文章或者某个段落中,作者是如何说明一种主题或表达一种观点的。
Step 2:寻线索。阅读文章,分析文章或设题段落处的写作手法:举例子、作比较、列数字、摆事实、提出问题等,也可以寻找提示词,例如 in fact, for example 等。
Step 3:定答案。仔细与选项作对比,选出符合题意的正确选项。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He added that this conditioner can help make the soil better”可知,土壤调理剂能使土壤质量变得更好。故答案为C。
3. C 段落大意题。根据第三段的第一句“The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste”及其后的描述可知,第三段主要告诉我们如何利用厨余垃圾制作液体肥料。故答案为C。
4. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“I am so glad to use the chemical (化学的) knowledge I gained to make liquid fertilizer myself”可推知,Qi Yiming 用学到的化学知识自己制作液体肥料。因此,此处是说,这在日常生活中是有帮助的,故 profitable 的意思与 helpful“有帮助的”相近。故答案为B。
5. A 标题归纳题。
段意梳理:
Para. 1 引出话题:学生们参观如何回收利用厨余垃圾的展览
Para. 2 如何把厨余垃圾变成土壤调理剂
Para. 3 如何把厨余垃圾变成液体肥料
Para. 4 老师指出让学生动手实践的意义
由此可知,本文主要介绍了回收利用厨余垃圾,使之变为有用的东西。故A项“垃圾变废为宝”最适合作本文的标题。

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含5道不同类型的题目（写作手法题、细节理解题、段落大意题、词义猜测题、标题归纳题）。解题思路为：先通读全文把握文章主旨（厨余垃圾回收利用及实践学习的意义），再针对每道题的题型，回到原文定位关键信息，逐一分析选项排除错误答案，得出正确结论。具体：第1题需关注文章开头的写作方式；第2题定位“soil conditioner”的功能描述；第3题提炼第三段核心内容；第4题结合上下文推测划线词含义；第5题总结全文核心内容确定标题。
【解析】
1. 写作手法题：根据文章第一段开头的问句“Did you know that one third of the food we eat every day gets thrown away, while one in nine people around the world goes hungry?”可知，作者通过提问的方式展开文章，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第二段中“He added that this conditioner can help make the soil better”可知，土壤调理剂的作用是改善土壤，故选C。
3. 段落大意题：第三段首句“The students also learned how to make liquid fertilizer (液体肥料) from kitchen waste”点明核心，后续内容围绕制作液体肥料展开，故选C。
4. 词义猜测题：根据上下文“use the chemical knowledge I gained to make liquid fertilizer myself”可知，自己用学到的化学知识制作肥料，说明这在日常生活中是有帮助的，故“profitable”与“helpful”意思相近，故选B。
5. 标题归纳题：全文围绕厨余垃圾回收利用，将垃圾变为有用的土壤调理剂和液体肥料展开，体现“垃圾变废为宝”的主旨，故选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳
【点评】
本文以厨余垃圾回收利用为主题，题型覆盖初中英语阅读常见考点，既考查学生定位原文信息的能力，也考查主旨归纳、词义推测等综合阅读能力，是一篇贴近生活、兼具教育意义的阅读材料，符合初中一模考试的命题特点。
【难度系数】
0.5