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Ⅲ. 翻译句子
用括号里所给的词汇将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 真正的胜利属于我们队中的每一位成员。(belong to)
2. 为了执行自己的计划，他坚持每天早起。(carry out)
3. 她叮嘱我，对给老师准备的惊喜派对这件事要守口如瓶。(be quiet about...)
4. 多亏了你的帮忙，我才得以继续开展我的工作。(carry on with...)
5. 当你离开的时候，和老师道别是有礼貌的做法。(say goodbye)
用括号里所给的词汇将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 真正的胜利属于我们队中的每一位成员。(belong to)
The real success belongs to every member in our team.
2. 为了执行自己的计划，他坚持每天早起。(carry out)
In order to carry out his plan, he stuck to getting up early every day.
3. 她叮嘱我，对给老师准备的惊喜派对这件事要守口如瓶。(be quiet about...)
She told me to be quiet about the surprise party for our teacher.
4. 多亏了你的帮忙，我才得以继续开展我的工作。(carry on with...)
Thanks to your help, I was able to carry on with my work.
5. 当你离开的时候，和老师道别是有礼貌的做法。(say goodbye)
When you leave, it's polite for you to say goodbye to your teacher.
答案
1. The real success belongs to every member in our
team.
2. In order to carry out his plan, he stuck to getting up
early every day.
3. She told me to be quiet about the surprise party for
our teacher.
4. Thanks to your help, I was able to carry on with my
work.
5. When you leave, it's polite for you to say goodbye to
your teacher.
team.
2. In order to carry out his plan, he stuck to getting up
early every day.
3. She told me to be quiet about the surprise party for
our teacher.
4. Thanks to your help, I was able to carry on with my
work.
5. When you leave, it's polite for you to say goodbye to
your teacher.
解析
【分析】
这是指定核心词汇的汉译英题型，解题时可以按照三步法思考：第一步，先锁定题干括号给出的必须使用的目标短语，回忆该短语的正确搭配规则，比如belong to无被动形式、carry out后接表计划/任务的名词等；第二步，拆分中文原句的语义成分，确定句子的主干（主谓宾/主系表）和修饰成分（目的状语、时间状语等），选择符合英语表达习惯的结构，比如表示“为了”用in order to后接动词原形，表示“做某事是有礼貌的”用it作形式主语的固定句型；第三步，核对时态、非谓语变形细节，比如“坚持做某事”stick to后要接动名词形式，调整语序避免中式英语，最终组合出通顺符合语法的句子。
【解析】
逐题推导翻译：
1. 句子主干为“真正的胜利属于每一位成员”，核心短语belong to表“属于”，无被动形式，主语“真正的胜利”译为The real success，后置定语“我们队中的”译为in our team，组合得到完整句子。
2. 目的状语“为了执行自己的计划”用In order to后接核心短语carry out his plan，主干部分“他坚持每天早起”，“坚持做某事”用stick to doing结构，动作发生在过去，stick变为过去式stuck，“早起”译为getting up early，时间状语every day放在句末，组合得到完整句子。
3. 句子主干“她叮嘱我做某事”译为She told me to do sth，核心短语be quiet about...表“对…守口如瓶”，后面接宾语“给老师准备的惊喜派对”译为the surprise party for our teacher，组合得到完整句子。
4. 状语“多亏了你的帮忙”译为Thanks to your help，主干部分“我才得以继续开展我的工作”，核心短语carry on with...表“继续开展”，“得以做某事”用过去式was able to后接目标短语，组合得到完整句子。
5. 时间状语“当你离开的时候”译为When you leave，主干用it作形式主语的固定句型it's polite for sb to do sth，核心短语say goodbye后接to your teacher表“和老师道别”，组合得到完整句子。
【答案】
1. The real success belongs to every member in our team.
2. In order to carry out his plan, he stuck to getting up early every day.
3. She told me to be quiet about the surprise party for our teacher.
4. Thanks to your help, I was able to carry on with my work.
5. When you leave, it's polite for you to say goodbye to your teacher.
【知识点】
固定短语应用，汉译英基础，it作形式主语
【点评】
本题侧重考察课内核心动词短语的实际运用能力，同时兼顾目的状语、时间状语等基础句子结构的考察，易错点集中在部分短语的特殊用法，比如belong to不能用于被动语态、stick to后需接动名词，学生解题时要注意规避逐字翻译的中式英语问题，保证句子语法正确、表达通顺。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是指定核心词汇的汉译英题型，解题时可以按照三步法思考：第一步，先锁定题干括号给出的必须使用的目标短语，回忆该短语的正确搭配规则，比如belong to无被动形式、carry out后接表计划/任务的名词等；第二步，拆分中文原句的语义成分，确定句子的主干（主谓宾/主系表）和修饰成分（目的状语、时间状语等），选择符合英语表达习惯的结构，比如表示“为了”用in order to后接动词原形，表示“做某事是有礼貌的”用it作形式主语的固定句型；第三步，核对时态、非谓语变形细节，比如“坚持做某事”stick to后要接动名词形式，调整语序避免中式英语，最终组合出通顺符合语法的句子。
【解析】
逐题推导翻译：
1. 句子主干为“真正的胜利属于每一位成员”，核心短语belong to表“属于”，无被动形式，主语“真正的胜利”译为The real success，后置定语“我们队中的”译为in our team，组合得到完整句子。
2. 目的状语“为了执行自己的计划”用In order to后接核心短语carry out his plan，主干部分“他坚持每天早起”，“坚持做某事”用stick to doing结构，动作发生在过去，stick变为过去式stuck，“早起”译为getting up early，时间状语every day放在句末，组合得到完整句子。
3. 句子主干“她叮嘱我做某事”译为She told me to do sth，核心短语be quiet about...表“对…守口如瓶”，后面接宾语“给老师准备的惊喜派对”译为the surprise party for our teacher，组合得到完整句子。
4. 状语“多亏了你的帮忙”译为Thanks to your help，主干部分“我才得以继续开展我的工作”，核心短语carry on with...表“继续开展”，“得以做某事”用过去式was able to后接目标短语，组合得到完整句子。
5. 时间状语“当你离开的时候”译为When you leave，主干用it作形式主语的固定句型it's polite for sb to do sth，核心短语say goodbye后接to your teacher表“和老师道别”，组合得到完整句子。
【答案】
1. The real success belongs to every member in our team.
2. In order to carry out his plan, he stuck to getting up early every day.
3. She told me to be quiet about the surprise party for our teacher.
4. Thanks to your help, I was able to carry on with my work.
5. When you leave, it's polite for you to say goodbye to your teacher.
【知识点】
固定短语应用，汉译英基础，it作形式主语
【点评】
本题侧重考察课内核心动词短语的实际运用能力，同时兼顾目的状语、时间状语等基础句子结构的考察，易错点集中在部分短语的特殊用法，比如belong to不能用于被动语态、stick to后需接动名词，学生解题时要注意规避逐字翻译的中式英语问题，保证句子语法正确、表达通顺。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅳ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Chen Yu is a young biologist. He has spent years working in the mangrove forests(红树林) of southern China. These forests were once in danger of disappearing. Many people cut down mangroves for farmland or development. They didn't realize their great 1 to the nature.
When Chen first arrived, he was shocked by the 2 scenes of destroyed trees. However, he didn't give up. He started by talking to local villagers, showing them how mangroves protect coasts from storms and provide food for birds and fish. At first, few people listened — they thought Chen's ideas were 3.
However, Chen didn't give up. 4, he set up a small research station and began recording the influence of mangroves on the local ecosystem(生态系统). Day after day, he walked 5 the forests, taking notes and photos. Finally, his hard work paid off. Villagers started to 6 more birds returning to the area and fewer floods during rainy seasons.
To make his work more popular, Chen invited students from nearby schools to help. The children's effort made the villagers 7 their minds about mangroves.
Today, the mangrove forest is 8 again. Young trees are growing everywhere. Chen's story has encouraged many people to 9 nature. He often says, "Mangroves don't ask for much, but they give us so much 10. It's our duty to protect them."
1. A. value B. safety C. danger D. distance
2. A. peaceful B. disappointing C. exciting D. boring
3. A. interesting B. creative C. crazy D. useful
4. A. Although B. Instead C. After D. Behind
5. A. through B. across C. over D. past
6. A. belong B. ask C. present D. notice
7. A. change B. keep C. collect D. lose
8. A. empty B. quiet C. lively D. dark
9. A. harm B. protect C. damage D. ignore
10. A. in danger B. in pain C. in trouble D. in return
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Chen Yu is a young biologist. He has spent years working in the mangrove forests(红树林) of southern China. These forests were once in danger of disappearing. Many people cut down mangroves for farmland or development. They didn't realize their great 1 to the nature.
When Chen first arrived, he was shocked by the 2 scenes of destroyed trees. However, he didn't give up. He started by talking to local villagers, showing them how mangroves protect coasts from storms and provide food for birds and fish. At first, few people listened — they thought Chen's ideas were 3.
However, Chen didn't give up. 4, he set up a small research station and began recording the influence of mangroves on the local ecosystem(生态系统). Day after day, he walked 5 the forests, taking notes and photos. Finally, his hard work paid off. Villagers started to 6 more birds returning to the area and fewer floods during rainy seasons.
To make his work more popular, Chen invited students from nearby schools to help. The children's effort made the villagers 7 their minds about mangroves.
Today, the mangrove forest is 8 again. Young trees are growing everywhere. Chen's story has encouraged many people to 9 nature. He often says, "Mangroves don't ask for much, but they give us so much 10. It's our duty to protect them."
1. A. value B. safety C. danger D. distance
2. A. peaceful B. disappointing C. exciting D. boring
3. A. interesting B. creative C. crazy D. useful
4. A. Although B. Instead C. After D. Behind
5. A. through B. across C. over D. past
6. A. belong B. ask C. present D. notice
7. A. change B. keep C. collect D. lose
8. A. empty B. quiet C. lively D. dark
9. A. harm B. protect C. damage D. ignore
10. A. in danger B. in pain C. in trouble D. in return
答案
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D
解析
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的记叙文完形填空，解题时首先要先通读全文，梳理出故事主线：青年生物学家陈玉多年扎根中国南方红树林保护区，在红树林遭大量砍伐、村民最初不理解的情况下坚持科普、实地研究，最终带动村民一起保护红树林，让曾经濒危的红树林重新恢复生机。接下来逐空结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配逻辑逐一匹配选项，排除不符合故事逻辑的干扰项，选出最贴合文意的答案。
【解析】
1. 前文提到人们为了农田和开发砍伐红树林，说明他们没有意识到红树林对自然的巨大价值，value价值，safety安全，danger危险，distance距离，选A。
2. 后文提到场景是被破坏的树木，这样的场景是令人失望的，peaceful平和的，disappointing令人失望的，exciting令人兴奋的，boring无聊的，选B。
3. 前文说一开始几乎没人听陈玉的话，说明村民觉得他的想法不符合自己的认知，是疯狂的，interesting有趣的，creative有创造力的，crazy疯狂的，useful有用的，选C。
4. 前文说陈玉没有放弃，后文说他建立了小型研究站，这里是表达“反而、取而代之”的含义，Although尽管，Instead反而，After在…之后，Behind在…后面，选B。
5. 表示在森林内部穿行，空间内部穿过用介词through，across是从物体表面横穿，over是从上方越过，past是从旁边经过，选A。
6. 这里指村民们开始留意到更多鸟类返回、雨季洪水变少的变化，belong属于，ask询问，present呈现，notice注意到，选D。
7. 固定搭配change one's mind表示“改变主意、转变想法”，这里指孩子们的努力让村民转变了对红树林的看法，keep保持，collect收集，lose失去，都不符合搭配，选A。
8. 后文提到小树到处都在生长，说明红树林现在又充满生机了，empty空的，quiet安静的，lively生机勃勃的，dark黑暗的，选C。
9. 陈玉的故事鼓励很多人去保护自然，harm伤害，protect保护，damage破坏，ignore忽视，选B。
10. 前文说红树林索取很少，却给我们很多作为回报，in danger处于危险中，in pain痛苦，in trouble陷入麻烦，in return作为回报，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
语境逻辑推理
动词短语辨析
介词词义辨析
【点评】
本题选取生态保护的正能量主题，贴合初中英语完形填空的常见命题方向，考点以基础词义辨析和固定搭配为主，既考察学生对上下文故事逻辑的梳理能力，也渗透了环保的价值引导，整体没有设置过难的干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇环保主题的记叙文完形填空，解题时首先要先通读全文，梳理出故事主线：青年生物学家陈玉多年扎根中国南方红树林保护区，在红树林遭大量砍伐、村民最初不理解的情况下坚持科普、实地研究，最终带动村民一起保护红树林，让曾经濒危的红树林重新恢复生机。接下来逐空结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配逻辑逐一匹配选项，排除不符合故事逻辑的干扰项，选出最贴合文意的答案。
【解析】
1. 前文提到人们为了农田和开发砍伐红树林，说明他们没有意识到红树林对自然的巨大价值，value价值，safety安全，danger危险，distance距离，选A。
2. 后文提到场景是被破坏的树木，这样的场景是令人失望的，peaceful平和的，disappointing令人失望的，exciting令人兴奋的，boring无聊的，选B。
3. 前文说一开始几乎没人听陈玉的话，说明村民觉得他的想法不符合自己的认知，是疯狂的，interesting有趣的，creative有创造力的，crazy疯狂的，useful有用的，选C。
4. 前文说陈玉没有放弃，后文说他建立了小型研究站，这里是表达“反而、取而代之”的含义，Although尽管，Instead反而，After在…之后，Behind在…后面，选B。
5. 表示在森林内部穿行，空间内部穿过用介词through，across是从物体表面横穿，over是从上方越过，past是从旁边经过，选A。
6. 这里指村民们开始留意到更多鸟类返回、雨季洪水变少的变化，belong属于，ask询问，present呈现，notice注意到，选D。
7. 固定搭配change one's mind表示“改变主意、转变想法”，这里指孩子们的努力让村民转变了对红树林的看法，keep保持，collect收集，lose失去，都不符合搭配，选A。
8. 后文提到小树到处都在生长，说明红树林现在又充满生机了，empty空的，quiet安静的，lively生机勃勃的，dark黑暗的，选C。
9. 陈玉的故事鼓励很多人去保护自然，harm伤害，protect保护，damage破坏，ignore忽视，选B。
10. 前文说红树林索取很少，却给我们很多作为回报，in danger处于危险中，in pain痛苦，in trouble陷入麻烦，in return作为回报，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
语境逻辑推理
动词短语辨析
介词词义辨析
【点评】
本题选取生态保护的正能量主题，贴合初中英语完形填空的常见命题方向，考点以基础词义辨析和固定搭配为主，既考察学生对上下文故事逻辑的梳理能力，也渗透了环保的价值引导，整体没有设置过难的干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.8
