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方向四 传统文化·儒家思想
Confucius
His Life, Teachings
and Influence
Confucianism, a teaching system of general virtues in China and even the world, talks about one’s behaviors, beliefs and faith. The Five Constants of Confucianism (儒家五常) are Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi and Xin.
Ren, the feeling of care and love we are expected to have, is widely recognized as the most important principle in life. Confucius is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.”
Li is about duty or respect and the way we connect with people. Ideas of Li also include the proper ways to interact with others. While Ren is about our opinions and feelings, Li is about how to express our opinions and feelings towards others and even the world around us.
Xin, the most significant Confucian virtue, is the attitude we have towards
. In Confucianism, Xin is the key to developing a good and ordered society. Without Xin, the whole world would fall into a mess.
Confucius’ successful disciple
Confucius (孔子) taught and trained 3,000 followers. Yan Hui is the most well-developed one. He practised Confucianism “Ren” and his famous saying is “to say less but do more, be modest and tolerant”.
Confucius’ influence on later generations
Under the influence of Confucius, Chinese thinkers of later generations believe that students should not only increase their knowledge, but also broaden their minds and enhance (提高) their spiritual ideas.
(
A. SPORTS.
B. HISTORY.
C. BUSINESS.
D. CULTURE.
(
A. 寡言笃行，谦逊仁德。
B. 仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
C. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
D. 礼之用，和为贵。
(
A. Ren.
B. Li.
C. Xin.
D. Yi.
(
① Show love and care
② Have duty and respect
③ Express opinions and feelings
④ Behave in good ways
⑤ Hold the proper attitude
⑥ Teach patiently
A. ①②③
B. ②④⑤
C. ②③④
D. ③④⑥
Confucius
His Life, Teachings
and Influence
Confucianism, a teaching system of general virtues in China and even the world, talks about one’s behaviors, beliefs and faith. The Five Constants of Confucianism (儒家五常) are Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi and Xin.
Ren, the feeling of care and love we are expected to have, is widely recognized as the most important principle in life. Confucius is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.”
Li is about duty or respect and the way we connect with people. Ideas of Li also include the proper ways to interact with others. While Ren is about our opinions and feelings, Li is about how to express our opinions and feelings towards others and even the world around us.
Xin, the most significant Confucian virtue, is the attitude we have towards
. In Confucianism, Xin is the key to developing a good and ordered society. Without Xin, the whole world would fall into a mess.Confucius’ successful disciple
Confucius (孔子) taught and trained 3,000 followers. Yan Hui is the most well-developed one. He practised Confucianism “Ren” and his famous saying is “to say less but do more, be modest and tolerant”.
Confucius’ influence on later generations
Under the influence of Confucius, Chinese thinkers of later generations believe that students should not only increase their knowledge, but also broaden their minds and enhance (提高) their spiritual ideas.
(
D
) 1. In which SECTION of the magazine can we see the material?A. SPORTS.
B. HISTORY.
C. BUSINESS.
D. CULTURE.
(
A
) 2. [跨学科+语文] What is the best Chinese for Yan Hui’s saying?A. 寡言笃行，谦逊仁德。
B. 仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
C. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
D. 礼之用，和为贵。
(
C
) 3. In the Five Constants of Confucianism, which is the most important for a harmonious society?A. Ren.
B. Li.
C. Xin.
D. Yi.
(
C
) 4. Which of the following belong to the ideas of “Li”?① Show love and care
② Have duty and respect
③ Express opinions and feelings
④ Behave in good ways
⑤ Hold the proper attitude
⑥ Teach patiently
A. ①②③
B. ②④⑤
C. ②③④
D. ③④⑥
答案
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了儒家思想的相关内容及其对后世产生的影响。
1 D 【点拨】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了儒家思想的相关内容及其对后世产生的影响，因此我们可以在杂志的“文化”部分读到此篇材料。故选D。
2 A 【点拨】句意猜测题。根据“to say less but do more, be modest and tolerant”可知，颜回的名言是“少说多做，谦虚宽容”，即“寡言笃行，谦逊仁德”。故选A。
3 C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Without Xin, the whole world would fall into a mess.”可知，没有信，整个世界将陷入混乱。由此推知，在儒家五常中，和谐社会最重要的是“信”。故选C。
4 C 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Li is about duty or respect...the world around us.”可知，有责任和尊重、表达意见和感受、表现良好属于“礼”的观念。故选C
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了儒家思想的相关内容及其对后世产生的影响。
1 D 【点拨】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了儒家思想的相关内容及其对后世产生的影响，因此我们可以在杂志的“文化”部分读到此篇材料。故选D。
2 A 【点拨】句意猜测题。根据“to say less but do more, be modest and tolerant”可知，颜回的名言是“少说多做，谦虚宽容”，即“寡言笃行，谦逊仁德”。故选A。
3 C 【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Without Xin, the whole world would fall into a mess.”可知，没有信，整个世界将陷入混乱。由此推知，在儒家五常中，和谐社会最重要的是“信”。故选C。
4 C 【点拨】细节理解题。根据“Li is about duty or respect...the world around us.”可知，有责任和尊重、表达意见和感受、表现良好属于“礼”的观念。故选C
解析
【分析】本题为围绕儒家思想的英语阅读理解题，共4道选择题，分别考查文章出处判断、句意匹配、细节推理和细节定位。解题思路：先通读全文掌握主旨，再针对每道题的题干，定位原文对应内容，结合选项逐一比对排除，确定正确答案。
【解析】1. 文章核心内容是儒家思想（属于文化范畴），因此该材料应出现在杂志的“文化”板块，故选D。
2. 颜回的名言意为“少说多做，谦虚宽容”，对应选项A的中文释义“寡言笃行，谦逊仁德”，故选A。
3. 原文明确指出“Without Xin, the whole world would fall into a mess”，说明“信（Xin）”是构建和谐有序社会的关键，因此儒家五常中对和谐社会最重要的是“信”，故选C。
4. 定位原文对“Li”的描述：Li关乎责任与尊重、与他人互动的恰当方式、向他人及周围世界表达观点情感的方式，对应选项中的②（责任与尊重）、③（表达观点情感）、④（表现良好），故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、儒家文化
【点评】本题结合传统文化（儒家思想）考查英语阅读能力，涉及跨学科知识（语文名言理解），需学生准确提取原文信息并结合选项分析，难度中等。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 文章核心内容是儒家思想（属于文化范畴），因此该材料应出现在杂志的“文化”板块，故选D。
2. 颜回的名言意为“少说多做，谦虚宽容”，对应选项A的中文释义“寡言笃行，谦逊仁德”，故选A。
3. 原文明确指出“Without Xin, the whole world would fall into a mess”，说明“信（Xin）”是构建和谐有序社会的关键，因此儒家五常中对和谐社会最重要的是“信”，故选C。
4. 定位原文对“Li”的描述：Li关乎责任与尊重、与他人互动的恰当方式、向他人及周围世界表达观点情感的方式，对应选项中的②（责任与尊重）、③（表达观点情感）、④（表现良好），故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、儒家文化
【点评】本题结合传统文化（儒家思想）考查英语阅读能力，涉及跨学科知识（语文名言理解），需学生准确提取原文信息并结合选项分析，难度中等。
【难度系数】0.5
