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Ⅳ. 阅读理解
（2024 · 烟台中考）Wangari Maathai, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, was born on April 1, 1940, in Kenya（肯尼亚）. Growing up in the countryside, Wangari was deeply connected to the land from an early age. This early experience with the environment later inspired her life's work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world.
With the help of a programme, Wangari received her university education in the United States. After graduation, she returned to Kenya. In 1971, she got a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, becoming the first woman doctor in East and Central Africa. But her greater achievement was outside the university. In 1977, Wangari set up the Green Belt Movement, an organization focused on tree planting, environmental protection, and women's rights. She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically and socially.
Wangari focused not only on environmental problems. She made great efforts to fight for fairness and people's rights. It was because of her tireless work that she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. She became the first African woman to receive the award.
Wangari passed away on September 25, 2011, but her spirit continues to inspire a worldwide movement towards environmental protection and social fairness. Her book, *Unbowed*, records her life journey and the challenges she faced, offering inspiration to countless people worldwide. Her story lives on through the millions of trees planted by the Green Belt Movement and the countless lives she touched through her hard work. It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world.
1. 语言能力 推断能力 For what purpose does the writer mention Wangari's early life in Paragraph 1?
A. To describe how she grew up in the countryside.
B. To tell us why she studied hard for a doctor's degree.
C. To explain why she cared for environmental problems.
D. To show how she became a Nobel Peace Prize winner.
2. What does the underlined part "This simple act" mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Setting up an organization.
B. Planting trees in Kenya.
C. Focusing on women's rights.
D. Fighting for democracy.
3. What can we learn from Wangari's story?
A. Small actions can make great differences.
B. Brave people should win the Nobel Prize.
C. Good education can help one be successful.
D. We shouldn't look down upon African women.
（2024 · 烟台中考）Wangari Maathai, a Nobel Peace Prize winner, was born on April 1, 1940, in Kenya（肯尼亚）. Growing up in the countryside, Wangari was deeply connected to the land from an early age. This early experience with the environment later inspired her life's work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world.
With the help of a programme, Wangari received her university education in the United States. After graduation, she returned to Kenya. In 1971, she got a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, becoming the first woman doctor in East and Central Africa. But her greater achievement was outside the university. In 1977, Wangari set up the Green Belt Movement, an organization focused on tree planting, environmental protection, and women's rights. She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically and socially.
Wangari focused not only on environmental problems. She made great efforts to fight for fairness and people's rights. It was because of her tireless work that she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. She became the first African woman to receive the award.
Wangari passed away on September 25, 2011, but her spirit continues to inspire a worldwide movement towards environmental protection and social fairness. Her book, *Unbowed*, records her life journey and the challenges she faced, offering inspiration to countless people worldwide. Her story lives on through the millions of trees planted by the Green Belt Movement and the countless lives she touched through her hard work. It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world.
1. 语言能力 推断能力 For what purpose does the writer mention Wangari's early life in Paragraph 1?
A. To describe how she grew up in the countryside.
B. To tell us why she studied hard for a doctor's degree.
C. To explain why she cared for environmental problems.
D. To show how she became a Nobel Peace Prize winner.
2. What does the underlined part "This simple act" mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Setting up an organization.
B. Planting trees in Kenya.
C. Focusing on women's rights.
D. Fighting for democracy.
3. What can we learn from Wangari's story?
A. Small actions can make great differences.
B. Brave people should win the Nobel Prize.
C. Good education can help one be successful.
D. We shouldn't look down upon African women.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖得主Wangari Maathai 的成长经历以及她所带来的影响。
1. C 解析:推理判断题。根据“This early experience with the environment later inspired her life's work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world.”可知,Wangari 的早年生活和环境相关,这让她想要从事与环境相关的工作,所以提到她的早年生活是为了解释她关心环境问题的原因,故选 C。
2. B 解析:词义猜测题。根据“She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically and socially.”可知,呼吁肯尼亚妇女在家乡植树的简单行为不仅有助于保护环境,还使妇女在经济和社会上具有强大的力量,所以画线部分表示"Planting trees in Kenya",故选 B。
3. A 解析:推理判断题。根据“It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world.”可知,从 Wangari 的故事可以得出“小小的行动可以产生巨大的影响”的结论,故选 A。
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖得主Wangari Maathai 的成长经历以及她所带来的影响。
1. C 解析:推理判断题。根据“This early experience with the environment later inspired her life's work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world.”可知,Wangari 的早年生活和环境相关,这让她想要从事与环境相关的工作,所以提到她的早年生活是为了解释她关心环境问题的原因,故选 C。
2. B 解析:词义猜测题。根据“She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown. This simple act not only helped to protect the environment but also made women powerful economically and socially.”可知,呼吁肯尼亚妇女在家乡植树的简单行为不仅有助于保护环境,还使妇女在经济和社会上具有强大的力量,所以画线部分表示"Planting trees in Kenya",故选 B。
3. A 解析:推理判断题。根据“It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world.”可知,从 Wangari 的故事可以得出“小小的行动可以产生巨大的影响”的结论,故选 A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类中考阅读理解，我们可以按照题干关键词回文定位的思路逐步解题：
1. 第一题是写作目的推理题，先圈出关键词"Wangari's early life in Paragraph 1"，直接定位到第一段末尾的总结句，就能找到早年经历和她后续关注环境事业的关联，再逐一排除不符合写作目的的干扰选项即可。
2. 第二题是词义指代猜测题，遇到指代类题目直接往前找紧邻的前文动作，就能找到"This simple act"对应的具体行为，快速匹配正确选项。
3. 第三题是主旨感悟推理题，直接定位到文章最后一段的总结升华句，就能找到故事传递的核心启示，排除无中生有、过度引申的错误选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第一段最后一句"This early experience with the environment later inspired her life's work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world."，可知Wangari早年在乡村和环境深度联结的经历，启发了她毕生从事环保相关的事业，作者提及这段早年生活正是为了解释她关心环境问题的原因。A选项只是对早年生活的表层描述，并非作者的写作目的；B选项相关内容在第一段完全没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项逻辑不成立，第一段的早年经历无法直接解释她如何成为诺贝尔和平奖得主，因此排除ABD，选C。
2. 第2题：定位划线短语的前一句"She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown."，紧邻的"This simple act"就是指代前文提到的“在肯尼亚种树”的行为，对应选项B。A选项建立组织、C选项关注女性权利都是绿带运动的整体属性，并非这个简单行为的指代对象；D选项“争取民主”文中完全没有提及，因此排除ACD，选B。
3. 第3题：定位原文最后一段最后一句"It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world."，直接点明Wangari的故事传递的核心启示是微小行动也能产生巨大影响，对应选项A。B选项表述绝对，文中没有提及“勇敢的人就应该获得诺贝尔奖”；C选项优质教育只是她人生经历的一部分，并非故事要传递的核心主旨；D选项属于过度引申，文中没有相关表述，因此排除BCD，选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A
【知识点】
推理判断题 词义指代猜测 人物传记阅读
【点评】
本题是中考典型的记叙类阅读考题，考点覆盖了阅读高频的写作目的推理、指代词义猜测、主旨感悟三类题型，所有答案都能通过回文定位找到明确的原文依据，没有设置偏难怪的干扰项，既考察学生的基础文本信息提取能力，也通过人物故事传递了正向价值导向，提醒学生做阅读理解时必须紧扣原文内容，不能脱离文本凭主观想法选答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇人物传记类中考阅读理解，我们可以按照题干关键词回文定位的思路逐步解题：
1. 第一题是写作目的推理题，先圈出关键词"Wangari's early life in Paragraph 1"，直接定位到第一段末尾的总结句，就能找到早年经历和她后续关注环境事业的关联，再逐一排除不符合写作目的的干扰选项即可。
2. 第二题是词义指代猜测题，遇到指代类题目直接往前找紧邻的前文动作，就能找到"This simple act"对应的具体行为，快速匹配正确选项。
3. 第三题是主旨感悟推理题，直接定位到文章最后一段的总结升华句，就能找到故事传递的核心启示，排除无中生有、过度引申的错误选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第一段最后一句"This early experience with the environment later inspired her life's work, which has left an unforgettable mark on the world."，可知Wangari早年在乡村和环境深度联结的经历，启发了她毕生从事环保相关的事业，作者提及这段早年生活正是为了解释她关心环境问题的原因。A选项只是对早年生活的表层描述，并非作者的写作目的；B选项相关内容在第一段完全没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项逻辑不成立，第一段的早年经历无法直接解释她如何成为诺贝尔和平奖得主，因此排除ABD，选C。
2. 第2题：定位划线短语的前一句"She called on Kenyan women to plant trees in their hometown."，紧邻的"This simple act"就是指代前文提到的“在肯尼亚种树”的行为，对应选项B。A选项建立组织、C选项关注女性权利都是绿带运动的整体属性，并非这个简单行为的指代对象；D选项“争取民主”文中完全没有提及，因此排除ACD，选B。
3. 第3题：定位原文最后一段最后一句"It serves as a reminder that even the smallest actions, like planting a tree, can have a great influence on the world."，直接点明Wangari的故事传递的核心启示是微小行动也能产生巨大影响，对应选项A。B选项表述绝对，文中没有提及“勇敢的人就应该获得诺贝尔奖”；C选项优质教育只是她人生经历的一部分，并非故事要传递的核心主旨；D选项属于过度引申，文中没有相关表述，因此排除BCD，选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A
【知识点】
推理判断题 词义指代猜测 人物传记阅读
【点评】
本题是中考典型的记叙类阅读考题，考点覆盖了阅读高频的写作目的推理、指代词义猜测、主旨感悟三类题型，所有答案都能通过回文定位找到明确的原文依据，没有设置偏难怪的干扰项，既考察学生的基础文本信息提取能力，也通过人物故事传递了正向价值导向，提醒学生做阅读理解时必须紧扣原文内容，不能脱离文本凭主观想法选答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
