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Ⅲ. 阅读理解(18 分)
A
[2024 湖北中考]
Eat Well, Live Well
We eat food so that we have energy to run, jump and play.
We should have plenty of different things.
Dairy products (乳制品)
We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on. Along with fish, beans and meat, dairy products make us strong.
Do it!
Look for low-fat milk and cheese. They are healthier.
Grain products (谷类食品)
We should also eat enough grain products so that we have energy to work and play. Grain products include bread, rice and noodles.
Do it!
Eat a certain amount (数量) of grain products to keep fit.
Fruit and vegetables
Fruit and vegetables keep us healthy. We should eat plenty of them at every meal.
Do it!
Try to eat fruit and vegetables in different colours every day.
Water
Don't forget to drink water. We should drink 6—8 glasses of water every day to make our bodies work properly.
( )26. Which of the following is a kind of dairy products?
A. Fish.
B. Beans.
C. Milk.
D. Noodles.
( )27. How many kinds of grain products are mentioned in the passage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
( )28. 新考法 图示理解 Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage?
( )29. What's the writer's opinion about eating well?
A. Grain products are the best of all.
B. Eat plenty of food as you like every day.
C. Vegetables make our bodies work properly.
D. Have different kinds of food and enough water.
( )30. 新考法 文章出处 In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage?
A. Art.
B. Sports.
C. Health.
D. Education.
A
[2024 湖北中考]
Eat Well, Live Well
We eat food so that we have energy to run, jump and play.
We should have plenty of different things.
Dairy products (乳制品)
We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on. Along with fish, beans and meat, dairy products make us strong.
Do it!
Look for low-fat milk and cheese. They are healthier.
Grain products (谷类食品)
We should also eat enough grain products so that we have energy to work and play. Grain products include bread, rice and noodles.
Do it!
Eat a certain amount (数量) of grain products to keep fit.
Fruit and vegetables
Fruit and vegetables keep us healthy. We should eat plenty of them at every meal.
Do it!
Try to eat fruit and vegetables in different colours every day.
Water
Don't forget to drink water. We should drink 6—8 glasses of water every day to make our bodies work properly.
( )26. Which of the following is a kind of dairy products?
A. Fish.
B. Beans.
C. Milk.
D. Noodles.
( )27. How many kinds of grain products are mentioned in the passage?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
( )28. 新考法 图示理解 Which is healthier than the other three according to the passage?
( )29. What's the writer's opinion about eating well?
A. Grain products are the best of all.
B. Eat plenty of food as you like every day.
C. Vegetables make our bodies work properly.
D. Have different kinds of food and enough water.
( )30. 新考法 文章出处 In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage?
A. Art.
B. Sports.
C. Health.
D. Education.
答案
阅读A篇·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了如何健康饮食。
快速对答案 26—30 C B A D C
26. C 细节理解题。根据Dairy products下的“We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on.”可知,牛奶是乳制品。
27. B 细节理解题。根据Grain products下的“Grain products include bread, rice and noodles.”可知,文中提到了面包、米饭、面条三种谷类食品。
28. A 推理判断题。根据文章中的介绍可知清单中应有乳制品、谷类食品、水果、蔬菜和水。故选A项。
29. D 细节理解题。根据“We should have plenty of different things.”以及Water下的“We should drink 6—8 glasses of water every day...”可知作者告诉我们要吃不同种类的食物并喝足够的水。故选D项。
30. C 推理判断题。通过文章标题“Eat Well, Live Well”和下文内容可知,本文是对健康饮食的介绍,故选C项。
快速对答案 26—30 C B A D C
26. C 细节理解题。根据Dairy products下的“We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on.”可知,牛奶是乳制品。
27. B 细节理解题。根据Grain products下的“Grain products include bread, rice and noodles.”可知,文中提到了面包、米饭、面条三种谷类食品。
28. A 推理判断题。根据文章中的介绍可知清单中应有乳制品、谷类食品、水果、蔬菜和水。故选A项。
29. D 细节理解题。根据“We should have plenty of different things.”以及Water下的“We should drink 6—8 glasses of water every day...”可知作者告诉我们要吃不同种类的食物并喝足够的水。故选D项。
30. C 推理判断题。通过文章标题“Eat Well, Live Well”和下文内容可知,本文是对健康饮食的介绍,故选C项。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇健康主题的阅读理解，解题时我们可以按照“题干关键词定位原文”的思路逐步推导：
1. 第26题直接抓取关键词dairy products，回到对应段落找举例内容即可快速匹配答案；
2. 第27题抓取关键词grain products，定位到对应段落数出提到的谷类食品数量即可；
3. 第28题需要先梳理全文提到的健康饮食需要覆盖的所有食物类别，再逐一核对四个清单的内容，选出覆盖类别最完整的健康清单；
4. 第29题可以用排除法，把每个选项和原文内容比对，排除表述错误的选项，匹配作者的核心观点；
5. 第30题结合文章主题“健康饮食”，匹配对应的杂志板块即可得出答案。
【解析】
26. 细节理解题：定位到Dairy products段落的原文“We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on”，可知牛奶属于乳制品，A鱼、B豆子不属于乳制品，D面条属于谷类食品，因此选C。
27. 细节理解题：定位到Grain products段落的原文“Grain products include bread, rice and noodles”，一共提到了面包、米饭、面条3种谷类食品，因此选B。
28. 推理判断题：结合全文内容，健康饮食需要覆盖乳制品、高蛋白食物、蔬菜、水果、谷类、水几大类：清单A包含牛奶（乳制品）、鱼（高蛋白）、胡萝卜（蔬菜）、苹果（水果）、米饭和水，覆盖类别最完整；清单B缺少乳制品和优质蛋白类食物，清单C缺少水果，清单D缺少乳制品，因此A比其余三个更健康，选A。
29. 细节理解题：逐一比对选项：A选项文中没有提到谷类是所有食物里最好的，表述错误；B选项文中要求适量摄入各类食物，并非想吃多少就吃多少，表述错误；C选项原文提到是水让身体正常运转，不是蔬菜，表述错误；D选项对应原文“We should have plenty of different things”和“每天要喝6-8杯水”的描述，符合作者观点，选D。
30. 推理判断题：本文主题是介绍健康饮食的正确方式，属于健康科普内容，最可能出现在杂志的健康板块，艺术、运动、教育板块均不符合主题，选C。
【答案】
26-30 CBADC
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇推理判断，健康饮食常识
【点评】
本篇阅读选材贴近生活，难度较低，还融入了图示匹配的新考法，既考察学生快速定位文本信息的阅读能力，也向学生科普了均衡膳食的健康理念，只要学生细心对照原文内容比对选项，基本都能选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇健康主题的阅读理解，解题时我们可以按照“题干关键词定位原文”的思路逐步推导：
1. 第26题直接抓取关键词dairy products，回到对应段落找举例内容即可快速匹配答案；
2. 第27题抓取关键词grain products，定位到对应段落数出提到的谷类食品数量即可；
3. 第28题需要先梳理全文提到的健康饮食需要覆盖的所有食物类别，再逐一核对四个清单的内容，选出覆盖类别最完整的健康清单；
4. 第29题可以用排除法，把每个选项和原文内容比对，排除表述错误的选项，匹配作者的核心观点；
5. 第30题结合文章主题“健康饮食”，匹配对应的杂志板块即可得出答案。
【解析】
26. 细节理解题：定位到Dairy products段落的原文“We should eat plenty of dairy products such as milk, cheese, and so on”，可知牛奶属于乳制品，A鱼、B豆子不属于乳制品，D面条属于谷类食品，因此选C。
27. 细节理解题：定位到Grain products段落的原文“Grain products include bread, rice and noodles”，一共提到了面包、米饭、面条3种谷类食品，因此选B。
28. 推理判断题：结合全文内容，健康饮食需要覆盖乳制品、高蛋白食物、蔬菜、水果、谷类、水几大类：清单A包含牛奶（乳制品）、鱼（高蛋白）、胡萝卜（蔬菜）、苹果（水果）、米饭和水，覆盖类别最完整；清单B缺少乳制品和优质蛋白类食物，清单C缺少水果，清单D缺少乳制品，因此A比其余三个更健康，选A。
29. 细节理解题：逐一比对选项：A选项文中没有提到谷类是所有食物里最好的，表述错误；B选项文中要求适量摄入各类食物，并非想吃多少就吃多少，表述错误；C选项原文提到是水让身体正常运转，不是蔬菜，表述错误；D选项对应原文“We should have plenty of different things”和“每天要喝6-8杯水”的描述，符合作者观点，选D。
30. 推理判断题：本文主题是介绍健康饮食的正确方式，属于健康科普内容，最可能出现在杂志的健康板块，艺术、运动、教育板块均不符合主题，选C。
【答案】
26-30 CBADC
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇推理判断，健康饮食常识
【点评】
本篇阅读选材贴近生活，难度较低，还融入了图示匹配的新考法，既考察学生快速定位文本信息的阅读能力，也向学生科普了均衡膳食的健康理念，只要学生细心对照原文内容比对选项，基本都能选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
B
[2025 安徽安庆期中]Apples are a kind of very popular fruit on the earth. They are delicious and are good for our health. We often say, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." But do you know that apples can also keep us awake (醒着的)?
When we are sleepy, we often drink tea or coffee. They can keep us awake because they have caffeine (咖啡因). But apples don't have caffeine. How do they keep us awake? Apples can keep sleepiness away because they have natural sugar (天然的糖). An apple has about 13g of natural sugar. It makes blood flow (血液流动) quickly and then makes us stay awake.
A study shows that caffeine can only keep us awake for a few hours, and drinking too much coffee is bad for our bodies. But apples can keep us awake for a long time because they give much energy to our bodies little by little. So eating apples is good for our health.
So, when you are sleepy next time, get an apple to eat!
( )31. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. Doctors like eating apples.
B. Doctors are afraid of apples.
C. Apples are good for our bodies.
D. Apples can keep doctors unhappy.
( )32. What do we often do when we feel sleepy according to the passage?
A. We often play sports.
B. We often go to sleep.
C. We often eat something.
D. We often drink tea or coffee.
( )33. What does the underlined word "It" refer to?
A. The apple.
B. Water.
C. Caffeine.
D. Natural sugar.
( )34. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Apples are delicious to eat.
B. Apples can help people stay awake.
C. People should not drink tea or coffee.
D. Tea and coffee are bad for people's health.
[2025 安徽安庆期中]Apples are a kind of very popular fruit on the earth. They are delicious and are good for our health. We often say, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." But do you know that apples can also keep us awake (醒着的)?
When we are sleepy, we often drink tea or coffee. They can keep us awake because they have caffeine (咖啡因). But apples don't have caffeine. How do they keep us awake? Apples can keep sleepiness away because they have natural sugar (天然的糖). An apple has about 13g of natural sugar. It makes blood flow (血液流动) quickly and then makes us stay awake.
A study shows that caffeine can only keep us awake for a few hours, and drinking too much coffee is bad for our bodies. But apples can keep us awake for a long time because they give much energy to our bodies little by little. So eating apples is good for our health.
So, when you are sleepy next time, get an apple to eat!
( )31. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. Doctors like eating apples.
B. Doctors are afraid of apples.
C. Apples are good for our bodies.
D. Apples can keep doctors unhappy.
( )32. What do we often do when we feel sleepy according to the passage?
A. We often play sports.
B. We often go to sleep.
C. We often eat something.
D. We often drink tea or coffee.
( )33. What does the underlined word "It" refer to?
A. The apple.
B. Water.
C. Caffeine.
D. Natural sugar.
( )34. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Apples are delicious to eat.
B. Apples can help people stay awake.
C. People should not drink tea or coffee.
D. Tea and coffee are bad for people's health.
答案
阅读B篇·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了苹果可以帮助人们保持清醒。
快速对答案 31—34 C D D B
31. C 词义猜测题。根据“We often say, ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away.’”和常识可知,吃苹果可以使医生远离我们,其引申含义是吃苹果对身体有好处,故选C项。
32. D 细节理解题。根据“When we are sleepy, we often drink tea or coffee.”和常识可知,我们感到困倦时经常会喝茶或咖啡。故选D项。
33. D 词义猜测题。根据“An apple has about 13g of natural sugar. It makes blood flow quickly and then makes us stay awake.”可知,画线部分指代上文中的natural sugar。故选D项。
34. B 主旨大意题。根据“But do you know that apples can also keep us awake?”并通读下文可知,文章主要介绍了苹果可以帮助人们保持清醒。故选B项。
快速对答案 31—34 C D D B
31. C 词义猜测题。根据“We often say, ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away.’”和常识可知,吃苹果可以使医生远离我们,其引申含义是吃苹果对身体有好处,故选C项。
32. D 细节理解题。根据“When we are sleepy, we often drink tea or coffee.”和常识可知,我们感到困倦时经常会喝茶或咖啡。故选D项。
33. D 词义猜测题。根据“An apple has about 13g of natural sugar. It makes blood flow quickly and then makes us stay awake.”可知,画线部分指代上文中的natural sugar。故选D项。
34. B 主旨大意题。根据“But do you know that apples can also keep us awake?”并通读下文可知,文章主要介绍了苹果可以帮助人们保持清醒。故选B项。
解析
【分析】
首先快速通读全文梳理脉络：文章先引入大众熟知的苹果有益健康的常识，重点介绍苹果不含咖啡因却能帮助人保持清醒的原理，对比了咖啡提神的弊端，推荐大家困倦时可以吃苹果。接下来逐个对应题目梳理解题思路：
1. 第31题是谚语含义猜测，结合前文苹果有益健康的铺垫，搭配生活常识里该谚语的引申义，就能排除字面解读的错误选项选出正确答案；
2. 第32题是细节理解题，带着题干关键词“feel sleepy”回原文定位对应语句，就能直接找到原文给出的困倦时的常见做法；
3. 第33题是指代判断题，找到划线词It的前一句内容，筛选距离它最近、符合“能让血液快速流动”属性的单数核心名词，就能确定指代对象；
4. 第34题是主旨大意题，通读全文抓住核心论述主题，排除只覆盖局部内容、表述错误的干扰项，就能得到全文核心主旨。
【解析】
31. 词义猜测题：原文开篇就提到苹果对我们的健康有好处，结合常识“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”的引申含义是常吃苹果能少生病、减少看医生的频率，本质就是苹果对我们的身体有益。A选项“医生喜欢吃苹果”、B选项“医生害怕苹果”、D选项“苹果能让医生不开心”都是对谚语的字面错误解读，只有C选项符合引申含义，故选C。
32. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段第一句“When we are sleepy, we often drink tea or coffee.”可以直接得出，我们感到困倦的时候经常喝茶或者咖啡。A选项做运动、B选项去睡觉、C选项吃东西都不符合原文表述，故选D。
33. 词义猜测题：划线词It的前一句是“An apple has about 13g of natural sugar.”，紧接着表述它能让血液快速流动进而让我们保持清醒，符合这个属性的就是前文提到的天然糖分，A选项苹果、B选项水、C选项咖啡因都不符合此处的指代逻辑，故选D。
34. 主旨大意题：全文以“苹果也能让我们保持清醒”为核心展开，详细介绍了苹果提神的原理和优势。A选项“苹果吃起来很美味”只是开篇的局部信息，不是文章核心；C选项“人们不应该喝茶或咖啡”属于过度解读，原文仅说明喝太多咖啡对身体不好；D选项“茶和咖啡对健康有害”表述错误且不是文章的核心论述内容，只有B选项“苹果可以帮助人们保持清醒”覆盖了全文的核心内容，故选B。
【答案】
31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B
【知识点】
词义猜测 细节查找 主旨归纳
【点评】
这是一篇介绍苹果提神功效的浅易科普说明文，整体侧重考察阅读理解的基础能力。做题时要注意做指代类题目时，要向前定位最近的相关名词，不要跳选无关内容；主旨题要区分局部细节和全文核心，不要被只覆盖部分内容的干扰项误导。
【难度系数】
0.8
首先快速通读全文梳理脉络：文章先引入大众熟知的苹果有益健康的常识，重点介绍苹果不含咖啡因却能帮助人保持清醒的原理，对比了咖啡提神的弊端，推荐大家困倦时可以吃苹果。接下来逐个对应题目梳理解题思路：
1. 第31题是谚语含义猜测，结合前文苹果有益健康的铺垫，搭配生活常识里该谚语的引申义，就能排除字面解读的错误选项选出正确答案；
2. 第32题是细节理解题，带着题干关键词“feel sleepy”回原文定位对应语句，就能直接找到原文给出的困倦时的常见做法；
3. 第33题是指代判断题，找到划线词It的前一句内容，筛选距离它最近、符合“能让血液快速流动”属性的单数核心名词，就能确定指代对象；
4. 第34题是主旨大意题，通读全文抓住核心论述主题，排除只覆盖局部内容、表述错误的干扰项，就能得到全文核心主旨。
【解析】
31. 词义猜测题：原文开篇就提到苹果对我们的健康有好处，结合常识“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”的引申含义是常吃苹果能少生病、减少看医生的频率，本质就是苹果对我们的身体有益。A选项“医生喜欢吃苹果”、B选项“医生害怕苹果”、D选项“苹果能让医生不开心”都是对谚语的字面错误解读，只有C选项符合引申含义，故选C。
32. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段第一句“When we are sleepy, we often drink tea or coffee.”可以直接得出，我们感到困倦的时候经常喝茶或者咖啡。A选项做运动、B选项去睡觉、C选项吃东西都不符合原文表述，故选D。
33. 词义猜测题：划线词It的前一句是“An apple has about 13g of natural sugar.”，紧接着表述它能让血液快速流动进而让我们保持清醒，符合这个属性的就是前文提到的天然糖分，A选项苹果、B选项水、C选项咖啡因都不符合此处的指代逻辑，故选D。
34. 主旨大意题：全文以“苹果也能让我们保持清醒”为核心展开，详细介绍了苹果提神的原理和优势。A选项“苹果吃起来很美味”只是开篇的局部信息，不是文章核心；C选项“人们不应该喝茶或咖啡”属于过度解读，原文仅说明喝太多咖啡对身体不好；D选项“茶和咖啡对健康有害”表述错误且不是文章的核心论述内容，只有B选项“苹果可以帮助人们保持清醒”覆盖了全文的核心内容，故选B。
【答案】
31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B
【知识点】
词义猜测 细节查找 主旨归纳
【点评】
这是一篇介绍苹果提神功效的浅易科普说明文，整体侧重考察阅读理解的基础能力。做题时要注意做指代类题目时，要向前定位最近的相关名词，不要跳选无关内容；主旨题要区分局部细节和全文核心，不要被只覆盖部分内容的干扰项误导。
【难度系数】
0.8
