2025年学霸题中题八年级数学下册苏科版第60页答案
9.(2023·枣庄中考)如图,在正方形ABCD中,对角线AC与BD相交于点O,E为BC上一点,CE = 7,F为DE的中点,若△CEF的周长为32,则OF的长为__________
第9题

答案

$\frac{17}{2}$ 解析:$\because CE = 7$,$\triangle CEF$的周长为$32$,$\therefore CF + EF = 32 - 7 = 25$.$\because F$为$DE$的中点,$\therefore DF = EF$.$\because \angle BCD = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore CF=\frac{1}{2}DE$,$\therefore EF = CF=\frac{1}{2}DE=\frac{1}{2}(CF + EF)=\frac{1}{2}\times25 = 12.5$,$\therefore DE = 2EF = 25$,$\therefore CD = \sqrt{DE^{2}-CE^{2}} = 24$.$\because$四边形$ABCD$是正方形,$\therefore BC = CD = 24$.$\because O$为$BD$的中点,$\therefore OF$是$\triangle BDE$的中位线,$\therefore OF=\frac{1}{2}(BC - CE)=\frac{1}{2}\times(24 - 7)=\frac{17}{2}$.
10.(2024·淮安期中)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB = 3,AD = 10,点E在AD上且DE = 2.G为AE的中点,P为BC边上的一个动点,F为EP的中点,则GF+EF的最小值为__________
第10题

答案


5 解析:如图,连接$PA$.$\because AG = EG$,$EF = FP$,$\therefore GF=\frac{1}{2}PA$,$\therefore GF + EF = \frac{1}{2}(PA + PE)$. 要求$GF + EF$的最小值,只需求出$PA + PE$的最小值即可. 作点$A$关于$BC$的对称点$T$,连接$ET$交$BC$于$P'$,此时$P'E + P'A$的值最小.$\because$四边形$ABCD$是矩形,$\therefore \angle EAT = 90^{\circ}$.$\because AB = BT = 3$,$\therefore AT = 6$.$\because AD = 10$,$DE = 2$,$\therefore AE = AD - DE = 10 - 2 = 8$,$\therefore P'E + P'A = P'E + P'T = ET=\sqrt{AE^{2}+AT^{2}}=\sqrt{8^{2}+6^{2}} = 10$,$\therefore GF + EF$的最小值为$\frac{1}{2}\times10 = 5$.
PP1
11.(2024·云南中考)如图,在四边形ABCD中,点E、F、G、H分别是各边的中点,且AB//CD,AD//BC,四边形EFGH是矩形.
(1)求证:四边形ABCD是菱形;
(2)若矩形EFGH的周长为22,四边形ABCD的面积为10,求AB的长.

答案


(1) 如图,连接$BD$、$AC$交于点$O$.$\because AB// CD$,$AD// BC$,$\therefore$四边形$ABCD$是平行四边形.$\because$四边形$ABCD$中,点$E$、$F$、$G$、$H$分别是各边的中点,$\therefore GF// BD$,$HG// AC$.$\because$四边形$EFGH$是矩形,$\therefore HG\perp GF$,$\therefore BD\perp AC$,$\therefore$四边形$ABCD$是菱形.
(2)$\because$四边形$ABCD$中,点$E$、$F$、$G$、$H$分别是各边的中点,$\therefore GF = EH=\frac{1}{2}BD$,$HG = EF=\frac{1}{2}AC$.$\because$矩形$EFGH$的周长为$22$,$\therefore BD + AC = 22$.$\because$四边形$ABCD$是菱形,$\therefore \frac{1}{2}BD+\frac{1}{2}AC = OB + OA = 11$.$\because$四边形$ABCD$的面积为$10$,$\therefore \frac{1}{2}BD\cdot AC = 10$,即$2OA\cdot OB = 10$.$\because (OA + OB)^{2}=OA^{2}+2OA\cdot OB + OB^{2}=121$,$\therefore OA^{2}+OB^{2}=121 - 10 = 111$,$\therefore AB=\sqrt{OA^{2}+OB^{2}}=\sqrt{111}$.
12. 如图①,在四边形ABCD中,AB = CD,E、F分别是AD、BC的中点,连接FE并延长,分别与BA、CD的延长线交于点M、N. 求证:∠BME = ∠CNE.(提示:取BD的中点H,连接FH、HE作辅助线)
问题一:如图②,在四边形ADBC中,AB与CD相交于点O,AB = CD,E、F分别是BC、AD的中点,连接EF,分别交DC、AB于点M、N,判断△OMN的形状,请直接写出结论.
问题二:如图③,在△ABC中,AC>AB,点D在AC上,AB = CD,E、F分别是BC、AD的中点,连接EF并延长,与BA的延长线交于点G,若∠EFC = 60°,连接GD,判断△AGD的形状并证明.
问题三:如图④,在四边形ABCD中,E、F分别是AD、BC的中点,AB = 5,CD = 12,EF = $\frac{13}{2}$,试求∠BMF+∠CNF的度数.


答案


如图①,连接$BD$,取$BD$的中点$H$,连接$HE$、$FH$.$\because E$、$H$分别是$AD$、$BD$的中点,$\therefore EH// AB$,$EH=\frac{1}{2}AB$,$\therefore \angle BME=\angle HEF$.$\because F$、$H$分别是$BC$、$BD$的中点,$\therefore FH// CD$,$FH=\frac{1}{2}CD$,$\therefore \angle CNE=\angle HFE$.$\because AB = CD$,$\therefore HE = FH$,$\therefore \angle HEF=\angle HFE$,$\therefore \angle BME=\angle CNE$.

问题一:$\triangle OMN$为等腰三角形. 解析:如图②,取$AC$的中点$P$,连接$PF$、$PE$,则$PE=\frac{1}{2}AB$,$PE// AB$,$\therefore \angle PEF=\angle ANF$. 同理,$PF = \frac{1}{2}CD$,$PF// CD$,$\therefore \angle PFE=\angle CME$. 又$\because AB = CD$,$\therefore PE = PF$,$\therefore \angle PFE=\angle PEF$,$\therefore \angle OMN=\angle ONM$,$\therefore \triangle OMN$为等腰三角形.
问题二:$\triangle AGD$是直角三角形.
证明:如图③,连接$BD$,取$BD$的中点$H$,连接$HF$、$HE$.$\because F$是$AD$的中点,$\therefore HF// AB$,$HF=\frac{1}{2}AB$. 同理,$HE// CD$,$HE=\frac{1}{2}CD$.$\because AB = CD$,$\therefore HF = HE$.$\because \angle EFC = 60^{\circ}$,$\therefore \angle HEF = 60^{\circ}$,$\therefore \angle HEF=\angle HFE = 60^{\circ}$,$\therefore \triangle EHF$是等边三角形,$\therefore \angle AGF=\angle HFE=\angle EFC=\angle AFG = 60^{\circ}$,$\therefore \triangle AGF$是等边三角形.$\because AF = FD$,$\therefore GF = FD$,$\therefore \angle FGD = \angle FDG = 30^{\circ}$,$\therefore \angle AGD = 90^{\circ}$,即$\triangle AGD$是直角三角形.
  
问题三:如图④,连接$BD$,取$BD$的中点$H$,连接$EH$、$HF$.$\because E$、$F$分别是$AD$、$BC$的中点,$\therefore EH// AB$,$EH=\frac{1}{2}AB=\frac{5}{2}$,$HF// CD$,$HF = \frac{1}{2}CD = 6$,$\therefore \angle HEF=\angle BMF$,$\angle HFE=\angle CNF$. 又$\because EF=\frac{13}{2}$,$\therefore EF^{2}=\frac{169}{4}$.$\because EH^{2}=\frac{25}{4}$,$HF^{2}=36$,$EH^{2}+HF^{2}=\frac{169}{4}$,$\therefore EF^{2}=EH^{2}+HF^{2}$,$\therefore \triangle EHF$是直角三角形,$\therefore \angle EHF = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore \angle HEF + \angle HFE = 90^{\circ}$,$\therefore \angle BMF+\angle CNF = 90^{\circ}$.