三、阅读理解
A
When we look at the earth, we see many different things. Sometimes, you may hear people talk about landforms and landscapes. Are they the same thing? Let's find out!
A landform is a natural feature of the earth's surface. Think of big mountains that rise high up, low valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and on, and sandy deserts. These are all landforms. They are made by nature over a long, long time. For example, mountains are formed when huge pieces of the earth's surface push against each other. Valleys can be made by rivers cutting through the land little by little. Each landform has a name that tells us what it looks like and how it was formed. Scientists study landforms to learn about the history of the earth.
A landscape, on the other hand, is what you see when you look at an area of land. It includes landforms, but it also has other things like plants, buildings and lakes. Imagine standing on top of a hill. You can see green trees waving in the wind, a small village with houses, and a clear lake nearby. All these things together make up the landscape. A landscape can change rapidly. If people build new buildings or cut down a lot of trees, the landscape will look different in just a few months.
Let's take a forest in the mountains as an example. The mountain is the landform—it's a natural feature of the earth. But when you see the tall trees, hear the birds sing, and watch a little stream(溪流) run down the mountain, that's the landscape.
So, the key difference is this: landforms are about the natural shapes of the earth, and landscapes are about the whole view of an area, including both natural and man-made things. Next time you go on a trip, try to enjoy different landforms and describe the beautiful landscapes around you!
()1. Which of the following is a landform?
A. A newly-built bridge. B. A flat plain.
C. A group of trees. D. A small house.
()2. What can we learn from the text about how mountains are formed?
A. They are made by people building up the land.
B. They are formed when rivers cut through the land.
C. They are formed when the earth's plates push into each other.
D. They are formed by heavy rain and strong winds.
()3. What does the underlined word "rapidly" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Brightly. B. Quickly. C. Powerfully. D. Quietly.
()4. What does "landscape" usually include?
A. Only landforms.
B. Only natural things.
C. Just man-made things.
D. Landforms, trees, houses and lakes.
()5. How does the writer explain the difference between landforms and landscapes?
A. By telling stories. B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples. D. By asking questions.

1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C

【分析】
这是一篇概念科普类阅读理解，核心是区分landform（地貌）和landscape（景观）两个易混概念。解题时首先可以先浏览题干划出每个题的关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，将选项和原文内容逐一比对排除错误选项，就能快速得到正确答案：细节题直接找原文对应表述，词义猜测题结合后文的举例线索推导词义，写作方法题梳理全文的论证逻辑即可判断。
【解析】
1. 细节题：根据第二段对landform的定义描述，明确列举了“flat plains that go on and on”属于地貌，A新建的桥、D小房子都是人造物品，C成片的树属于植物，都不符合地貌是地球表面自然特征的定义，因此选B。
2. 细节题：第二段原文明确说明“mountains are formed when huge pieces of the earth's surface push against each other”，对应C选项“地球板块互相挤压”的描述；A是人造建造不符合原文，B是山谷的形成原因，D的暴雨强风原文没有提及，因此选C。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词后文补充说明“如果人们建造新建筑、砍伐大量树木，景观仅在几个月内就会变得不一样”，说明景观的变化速度很快，因此rapidly的含义是“快速地”，对应B选项Quickly，其余选项明亮地、有力地、安静地都不符合语境。
4. 细节题：第三段明确说明景观“includes landforms, but it also has other things like plants, buildings and lakes”，也就是包含地貌、树木（植物）、房屋（建筑）、湖泊，排除所有表述为“仅包含某类事物”的错误选项，因此选D。
5. 写作方法判断题：作者先后通过列举山脉、山谷、山顶观景、山林场景等多个具体例子，来解释地貌和景观的区别，没有使用讲故事、列数字、大量提问的方式，因此选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，说明文说明方法
【点评】
本篇属于低难度的科普类阅读，所有题目的正确答案都能在原文中找到明确的对应依据，主要考察学生快速回文定位信息、区分两个相近概念的能力，只要细心比对原文和选项的表述，就能避开干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8