Ⅰ.选词填空
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空,每个单词或短语限用一次。
A
order; time; can send; walk; late
(2024·苏州二模)Nowadays, it is very usual for people to order takeout, but did people eat takeout in ancient 1. ?
Maybe you don't think so. In fact, there was takeout as long back as the Song Dynasty (960－1279). According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong(1127－1194) liked to 2. takeout late at night. His servants(仆人) then went around the city to pick up the dishes and bring them back to the palace.
Common people also ordered takeout. They would get their waiters to go out into the streets and ask which dishes 3. that day. People could then place an order, delivery(快递) workers would bring food to their homes 4. . In the famous Song Dynasty painting *Along the River During the Qingming Festival* a takeout worker is doing delivery work. The man can be seen 5. with food in his hand in a hurry.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在古代时期也有外卖,宋代名画《清明上河图》上就画着外卖员正在送餐,当时的人们甚至有专门的外卖餐盒。
1. times 2. order 3. could be sent 4. later
5. walking

【分析】
本题为选词填空题，解题思路为：先通读全文理解文章大意，再结合每个句子的语境、语法规则（固定搭配、时态、语态等），从方框给出的单词/短语中选择适当的形式填空，且每个单词/短语限用一次。具体思考：1. 需表达“古代”的含义，对应固定搭配；2. 结合固定搭配和语境选动词原形；3. 分析句子主语与动作的关系，确定被动语态；4. 根据语境选合适的副词；5. 运用固定搭配确定动词形式。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配，ancient times是固定短语，意为“古代”，故填times；
2. 考查固定搭配，like to do sth表示“喜欢做某事”，结合语境“点外卖”，故填order；
3. 考查被动语态，which dishes是动作的承受者，时态为过去，故填could be sent；
4. 考查副词，根据语境“送餐员之后把食物送到家”，故填later；
5. 考查固定搭配，be seen doing sth表示“被看到正在做某事”，故填walking。
【答案】
1. times 2. order 3. could be sent 4. later 5. walking
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、被动语态
【点评】
本题围绕古代外卖的话题展开，考查选词填空，需要学生掌握固定搭配、时态语态等基础知识，解题时需先理解文意，再结合语法规则选择正确形式，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

B
set; old; find; important; laugh; record; surprise; probable; seem; he
（2024·大同三模改编）In the remains of an ancient palace in Xi'an, Chinese archeologists（考古学家）discovered several broken parts of a 2,400-year-old flush toilet（抽水马桶）. They believe it might be the world's 1. flush toilet. Although it's nearly impossible 2. the upper parts of it, what's left is still in good shape.
“It is the first and only flush toilet that has been unearthed（出土）in China,” said Liu Rui, a researcher. “Everybody on the research team was 3. when we found it, and then we all 4. .”
Described by researchers as a “luxury（奢华的）object”, the toilet is thought to have been located inside the palace. The researchers believe this toilet was 5. for important people between the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty and might have been used by Duke Xiao of Qin or 6. father, Duke Xian of Qin. Liu pointed out that maybe the toilet 7. indoors and connected to an outdoor pit（坑）. The servants would pour water into it every time the owner used the toilet.
There are many historical 8. about toilets in ancient China and some ancient toilets have been unearthed. It shows that the ancient Chinese people already realized the 9. of hygiene（卫生）. And surprisingly, it 10. that there is not too much difference between ancient toilets and the modern ones.

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了中国考古学家在西安古代宫殿遗址中发现了几件2400年前的抽水马桶的破碎部件。
1. oldest 2. to find 3. surprised 4. laughed
5. probably 6. his 7. was set 8. records
9. importance 10. seems

【分析】先通读全文，明确文章是关于考古发现古代抽水马桶的新闻报道。解题时需结合每个空的语境、语法规则（如词性、时态、语态、固定搭配），从给定的10个单词中选择合适的词并进行正确形式的变形，确保填入后语句通顺、符合文意。
【解析】1. 由语境“世界上最古老的抽水马桶”可知，此处用old的最高级oldest；2. 固定句型it's impossible to do sth.，故用find的不定式to find；3. 主语是人，需用ed结尾的形容词surprised表示“感到惊讶的”；4. 结合上下文时态为一般过去时，此处用laugh的过去式laughed；5. 修饰动词需用副词，故probable变probably；6. 修饰名词father需用形容词性物主代词，he变his；7. 主语toilet与set是被动关系，且为过去时，故用was set；8. many后接可数名词复数，record变records；9. the后需接名词，important变importance；10. 固定搭配it seems that，主语it为第三人称单数，故用seems。
【答案】1. oldest 2. to find 3. surprised 4. laughed 5. probably 6. his 7. was set 8. records 9. importance 10. seems
【知识点】英语词汇变形、固定搭配、完形填空
【点评】本题为完形填空题型，围绕考古发现的主题，考察学生对给定词汇的变形运用及语境理解能力，难度适中，符合初中英语的考察要求。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅱ.首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
A
(2024·盐城三模)Li Huaiyuan, a primary school student from Hunan Province, takes his favourite Changsha dialect(方言) course every Friday afternoon. Li's parents are from different places in Hunan Province and speak different dialects, so the 1. f communicate mainly in Mandarin(普通话). "I take the course because I want to learn different dialects. I'm glad that I have a 2. c to learn Changsha dialect at school," the boy said.
According to Li Xiaoling, headmaster of the school, it's helpful to promote(推行) Mandarin, but it's also important to 3. p dialects. She started the dialect course for students last September, and lots of professors from universities have agreed to 4. t. Except for listening and speaking, students also learn idioms(习语) and the 5. c behind the dialect.
Zhou Sheng, a teacher of the course, said he spent more than ten years working in other cities. When he 6. r to Changsha, the dialect sounded strange to him as it was heavily influenced by Mandarin. "Many people are 7. w about the disappearance of the dialect as it is becoming less used in their daily lives," Zhou said.
The course has also won 8. s from local people. They say such courses should be offered to students at 9. d levels of education.
"We do not expect all children to learn perfect Changsha dialect, but they should understand the 10. i of dialects. One day they may work for the research and protection of dialects as they grow older," said Zhou.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了湖南一所小学开设了长沙方言课程,以保护方言。
1. family 2. chance 3. protect 4. teach
5. culture 6. returned 7. worried 8. support
9. different 10. importance

【分析】这是一道首字母填空题，需先通读全文理解主旨（湖南某小学开设长沙方言课程以保护方言），再逐句分析空格处的语境、语法及首字母提示，匹配正确词汇：1. 由前文“父母来自湖南不同地方说不同方言”可知，此处指“家庭”主要用普通话，首字母f对应family；2. 男孩表达“在学校有机会学长沙方言”，首字母c对应chance；3. 校长提出推行普通话的同时要“保护”方言，首字母p对应protect；4. 大学教授同意来“教”这门方言课，首字母t对应teach；5. 除听说外，还学习方言背后的“文化”，首字母c对应culture；6. 周老师在外地工作后“回到”长沙，首字母r对应returned；7. 人们“担心”方言因使用减少而消失，首字母w对应worried；8. 课程获得当地人的“支持”，首字母s对应support；9. 当地人认为课程应在教育的“不同”阶段开设，首字母d对应different；10. 要让孩子理解方言的“重要性”，首字母i对应importance。
【解析】1. 结合语境“父母来自不同地方说不同方言”，此处指家庭，填family；2. 固定搭配have a chance to do sth（有机会做某事），填chance；3. 与前文“promote Mandarin（推行普通话）”对应，此处指保护方言，填protect；4. 教授同意来教这门课，填teach；5. 方言背后的文化，填culture；6. 回到长沙，时态为一般过去时，填returned；7. be worried about（担心），固定搭配，填worried；8. win support from（赢得……的支持），填support；9. different levels of education（不同教育阶段），填different；10. understand the importance of（理解……的重要性），填importance。
【答案】1. family 2. chance 3. protect 4. teach 5. culture 6. returned 7. worried 8. support 9. different 10. importance
【知识点】首字母填空、词汇运用、语境理解
【点评】本题围绕“方言保护”这一贴近生活的话题命题，既考查学生对基础词汇的掌握，又要求学生结合上下文语境分析，难度适中，能引导学生关注文化保护。
【难度系数】0.6