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Ⅰ. Choose the best answers(选择最恰当的答案)
Engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career—it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older,a new study found.
The study, published recently in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have just looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin,a researcher at Oslo University Hospital in Norway,“but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.”
To do the analysis, Edwin and her team categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. Routine jobs that were not classified as “cognitively protective” often involved repetitive manual and mental tasks. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks,even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers,doctors, accountants, technical engineers, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said. “Teachers frequently communicate with students and parents and have to explain and analyze information.”
Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s,40s,50s,and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well-being,” said Edwin. “Similarly,just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.”
“While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities,learning new job tasks,and refining their skills at work over a period of time,further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain health benefits,” Edwin added.
(
A. Because it focused on emerging industries.
B. Because it tracked long-term occupation impact.
C. Because it only studied Norwegians of a certain age.
D. Because it drew much inspiration from past studies.
(
A. The complete lack of repetitive tasks.
B. The number of students and parents.
C. The harmonious relationship it creates.
D. The interpersonal requirement it involves.
(
A. Important.
B. Urgent.
C. Abundant.
D. Sufficient.
(
A. Activities that can refine people’s skills at work.
B. A recommendation for future research directions.
C. Tips for people who want professional advancement.
D. Disadvantages of routine jobs that need further proof.
Engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career—it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older,a new study found.
The study, published recently in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have just looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin,a researcher at Oslo University Hospital in Norway,“but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.”
To do the analysis, Edwin and her team categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. Routine jobs that were not classified as “cognitively protective” often involved repetitive manual and mental tasks. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks,even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers,doctors, accountants, technical engineers, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said. “Teachers frequently communicate with students and parents and have to explain and analyze information.”
Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s,40s,50s,and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well-being,” said Edwin. “Similarly,just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.”
“While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities,learning new job tasks,and refining their skills at work over a period of time,further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain health benefits,” Edwin added.
(
B
)1. Why is Edwin’s research unique?A. Because it focused on emerging industries.
B. Because it tracked long-term occupation impact.
C. Because it only studied Norwegians of a certain age.
D. Because it drew much inspiration from past studies.
(
D
)2. What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job?A. The complete lack of repetitive tasks.
B. The number of students and parents.
C. The harmonious relationship it creates.
D. The interpersonal requirement it involves.
(
A
)3. What does “paramount” underlined in paragraph 4 mean?A. Important.
B. Urgent.
C. Abundant.
D. Sufficient.
(
B
)4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Activities that can refine people’s skills at work.
B. A recommendation for future research directions.
C. Tips for people who want professional advancement.
D. Disadvantages of routine jobs that need further proof.
答案
Ⅰ.1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B
点拨:2题,定位原文:Teachers frequently communicate with students and parents and have to explain and analyze information. 核心逻辑:教学工作的认知要求,来自高频人际沟通、信息解释与分析,这正是"interpersonal requirement(人际需求)"的体现。干扰项排除:A项错:文中并未说教学"完全没有重复任务",只是说高认知工作不"基于"重复任务。B项错:学生和家长的数量不是核心原因,而是与他们沟通、分析信息的过程。C项错:文中未提及"和谐关系",属于无中生有。
4题,定位原文:further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain health benefits 核心逻辑:前半句是作者的推测(利用职业发展机会、学习新任务等可能有益),后半句才是重点——指出需要进一步研究来明确哪些活动对大脑健康最有益,这是典型的"未来研究方向建议"。干扰项排除:A错:"精进技能"只是作者的推测举例,并非段落主旨。C错:"职业发展建议"是附带内容,核心目的是引出后续研究需求。D错:最后一段未提及"常规工作的缺点需要进一步证明",属于偏离主题。
点拨:2题,定位原文:Teachers frequently communicate with students and parents and have to explain and analyze information. 核心逻辑:教学工作的认知要求,来自高频人际沟通、信息解释与分析,这正是"interpersonal requirement(人际需求)"的体现。干扰项排除:A项错:文中并未说教学"完全没有重复任务",只是说高认知工作不"基于"重复任务。B项错:学生和家长的数量不是核心原因,而是与他们沟通、分析信息的过程。C项错:文中未提及"和谐关系",属于无中生有。
4题,定位原文:further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain health benefits 核心逻辑:前半句是作者的推测(利用职业发展机会、学习新任务等可能有益),后半句才是重点——指出需要进一步研究来明确哪些活动对大脑健康最有益,这是典型的"未来研究方向建议"。干扰项排除:A错:"精进技能"只是作者的推测举例,并非段落主旨。C错:"职业发展建议"是附带内容,核心目的是引出后续研究需求。D错:最后一段未提及"常规工作的缺点需要进一步证明",属于偏离主题。
解析
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握核心主旨，再针对每个小题的问题关键词精准定位原文对应段落，结合原文信息逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符、无中生有的干扰项：第1题需对比其他研究的不足，定位Edwin研究的独特之处；第2题要找到教师工作内容与高认知要求的对应关系；第3题结合上下文语境猜测生词含义；第4题需归纳最后一段的核心内容判断主旨。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Many other studies on this topic have just looked at the most recent jobs that people have...we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes”可知，Edwin的研究独特性在于长期跟踪职业对人的影响，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“Teachers frequently communicate with students and parents and have to explain and analyze information”可知，教师的高认知要求来自人际沟通等需求，对应D选项（人际需求）；A项文中未说教学“完全无重复任务”，B项学生和家长的数量不是核心原因，C项文中未提及“和谐关系”，均排除，故选D。
3. 词义猜测题：根据第四段“the occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well-being”及后文类比锻炼肌肉的内容，可知职业环境对认知健康很重要，paramount意为“重要的”，故选A。
4. 主旨大意题：最后一段重点是“further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain health benefits”，即提出未来研究方向，对应B选项；A项“精进技能”只是举例，C项“职业发展建议”是附带内容，D项未提及，均排除，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意）
【点评】
本题围绕职业与认知健康的研究展开，考查学生的信息定位、细节辨析、词义推断及主旨归纳能力，需紧扣原文细节，避免主观臆断，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握核心主旨，再针对每个小题的问题关键词精准定位原文对应段落，结合原文信息逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符、无中生有的干扰项：第1题需对比其他研究的不足，定位Edwin研究的独特之处；第2题要找到教师工作内容与高认知要求的对应关系；第3题结合上下文语境猜测生词含义；第4题需归纳最后一段的核心内容判断主旨。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段“Many other studies on this topic have just looked at the most recent jobs that people have...we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes”可知，Edwin的研究独特性在于长期跟踪职业对人的影响，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段“Teachers frequently communicate with students and parents and have to explain and analyze information”可知，教师的高认知要求来自人际沟通等需求，对应D选项（人际需求）；A项文中未说教学“完全无重复任务”，B项学生和家长的数量不是核心原因，C项文中未提及“和谐关系”，均排除，故选D。
3. 词义猜测题：根据第四段“the occupational environment is paramount in promoting cognitive well-being”及后文类比锻炼肌肉的内容，可知职业环境对认知健康很重要，paramount意为“重要的”，故选A。
4. 主旨大意题：最后一段重点是“further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain health benefits”，即提出未来研究方向，对应B选项；A项“精进技能”只是举例，C项“职业发展建议”是附带内容，D项未提及，均排除，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意）
【点评】
本题围绕职业与认知健康的研究展开，考查学生的信息定位、细节辨析、词义推断及主旨归纳能力，需紧扣原文细节，避免主观臆断，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
