1. 在数轴上分别画出表示下列各数的点,并求出它们的绝对值:
$-3,\quad 2,\quad -\dfrac{9}{2},\quad 4,\quad -0.5,\quad \dfrac{5}{2}.$
$-3,\quad 2,\quad -\dfrac{9}{2},\quad 4,\quad -0.5,\quad \dfrac{5}{2}.$
答案
数轴上对应点如
$|-3|=3$,$|2|=2$,$\left|-\dfrac{9}{2}\right|=\dfrac{9}{2}$,
$|4|=4$,$|-0.5|=0.5$,$\left|\dfrac{5}{2}\right|=\dfrac{5}{2}$
2. 利用绝对值比较下列各组数的大小:
(1)$-3\frac{1}{2}$和$-2\frac{1}{3}$;
(2)$-\frac{3}{4}$和$-\frac{4}{5}$。
(1)$-3\frac{1}{2}$和$-2\frac{1}{3}$;
(2)$-\frac{3}{4}$和$-\frac{4}{5}$。
答案
(1) $\left|-3\dfrac{1}{2}\right|=3\dfrac{1}{2}$,$\left|-2\dfrac{1}{3}\right|=2\dfrac{1}{3}$,$-3\dfrac{1}{2} < -2\dfrac{1}{3}$
(2) $\left|-\dfrac{3}{4}\right|=\dfrac{3}{4}$,$\left|-\dfrac{4}{5}\right|=\dfrac{4}{5}$,$-\dfrac{3}{4} > -\dfrac{4}{5}$
(2) $\left|-\dfrac{3}{4}\right|=\dfrac{3}{4}$,$\left|-\dfrac{4}{5}\right|=\dfrac{4}{5}$,$-\dfrac{3}{4} > -\dfrac{4}{5}$
3. 化简下列各数,并指出哪组互为相反数:
(1) $+(+3)$ 与 $-3$;
(2) $-(-1.2)$ 与 $+(-1.2)$;
(3) $-(-\frac{1}{8})$ 与 $+(+\frac{1}{8})$;
(4) $+[-(+4)]$ 与 $+(-4)$;
(5) $+[-(-\left|-4\frac{1}{5}\right|)]$ 与 $-4\frac{1}{5}$;
(6) $-|+(-8)|$ 与 $|-(+8)|$;
(7) $-\{-[-(-5)]\}$ 与 $-\{+[-(+5)]\}$;
(8) $-[-(-a)]$ 与 $-\{-[-(+a)]\}$.
(1) $+(+3)$ 与 $-3$;
(2) $-(-1.2)$ 与 $+(-1.2)$;
(3) $-(-\frac{1}{8})$ 与 $+(+\frac{1}{8})$;
(4) $+[-(+4)]$ 与 $+(-4)$;
(5) $+[-(-\left|-4\frac{1}{5}\right|)]$ 与 $-4\frac{1}{5}$;
(6) $-|+(-8)|$ 与 $|-(+8)|$;
(7) $-\{-[-(-5)]\}$ 与 $-\{+[-(+5)]\}$;
(8) $-[-(-a)]$ 与 $-\{-[-(+a)]\}$.
答案
(1) $+(+3)=3$,$-3=-3$,互为相反数
(2) $-(-1.2)=1.2$,$+(-1.2)=-1.2$,互为相反数
(3) $-(-\dfrac{1}{8})=\dfrac{1}{8}$,$+(+\dfrac{1}{8})=\dfrac{1}{8}$,不互为相反数
(4) $+[-(+4)]=-4$,$+(-4)=-4$,不互为相反数
(5) $+[-(-\left|-4\dfrac{1}{5}\right|)]=4\dfrac{1}{5}$,$-4\dfrac{1}{5}=-4\dfrac{1}{5}$,互为相反数
(6) $-|+(-8)|=-8$,$|-(+8)|=8$,互为相反数
(7) $-\{-[ -(-5) ]\}=5$,$-\{+[-(+5)]\}=5$,不互为相反数
(8) $-[-(-a)]=-a$,$-\{-[-(+a)]\}=-a$,不互为相反数
(2) $-(-1.2)=1.2$,$+(-1.2)=-1.2$,互为相反数
(3) $-(-\dfrac{1}{8})=\dfrac{1}{8}$,$+(+\dfrac{1}{8})=\dfrac{1}{8}$,不互为相反数
(4) $+[-(+4)]=-4$,$+(-4)=-4$,不互为相反数
(5) $+[-(-\left|-4\dfrac{1}{5}\right|)]=4\dfrac{1}{5}$,$-4\dfrac{1}{5}=-4\dfrac{1}{5}$,互为相反数
(6) $-|+(-8)|=-8$,$|-(+8)|=8$,互为相反数
(7) $-\{-[ -(-5) ]\}=5$,$-\{+[-(+5)]\}=5$,不互为相反数
(8) $-[-(-a)]=-a$,$-\{-[-(+a)]\}=-a$,不互为相反数
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