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Passage 22
A pathway to meaning in life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors(因素): having long-term goals, believing that one's life matters and feeling that one's life fits together and "makes sense".
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating(欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life's beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgement of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate(评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life's beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as "I appreciate the beauty of life" and "I appreciate little things in life", as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were "appreciating life" and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory(理论) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
(
A. you made a travel plan for the coming holiday
B. you hurried to serve the customers in the store
C. you practised hard to become the best violinist
D. you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside
(
A. Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.
B. Enjoying small things can influence our attitude towards life.
C. Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.
D. Good judgement on beauty improves connections among people.
(
A. It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success.
B. We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.
C. A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.
D. Future life will bring us many more surprises.
(
A. To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
A pathway to meaning in life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors(因素): having long-term goals, believing that one's life matters and feeling that one's life fits together and "makes sense".
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating(欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life's beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgement of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate(评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life's beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as "I appreciate the beauty of life" and "I appreciate little things in life", as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were "appreciating life" and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory(理论) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
(
D
) 1.You were most probably in the EA condition when D
.A. you made a travel plan for the coming holiday
B. you hurried to serve the customers in the store
C. you practised hard to become the best violinist
D. you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside
(
B
) 2.What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage?A. Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.
B. Enjoying small things can influence our attitude towards life.
C. Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.
D. Good judgement on beauty improves connections among people.
(
B
) 3.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success.
B. We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.
C. A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.
D. Future life will bring us many more surprises.
(
C
) 4.What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
答案
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕“人生意义的影响因素”展开的说明文，解题时首先通读全文理清行文逻辑：文章先引入传统研究提出的有意义人生的三大因素，再引出作者团队提出的新变量“体验欣赏（EA）”，通过多组对照研究验证EA和人生意义感的关联，最后给出相关生活建议。解题时逐题对应文本定位：第1题先锁定EA的核心定义，匹配符合定义的行为；第2题将每个选项和文中研究结论逐一比对，排除表述错误的干扰项；第3题聚焦最后一段的核心表述，提炼段落主旨；第4题梳理全文的写作脉络，判断作者的核心写作目的即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 文中明确说明EA（体验欣赏）的核心是主动欣赏生活里的微小美好瞬间，发现、赞叹生活的美。逐一分析选项：
A. 为即将到来的假期制定旅行计划属于长期目标规划，不符合EA定义；
B. 在商店里匆忙为顾客服务是赶任务的状态，没有欣赏美好，不符合；
C. 努力练习成为最好的小提琴手属于长期奋斗目标，不符合；
D. 停下脚步欣赏路边的玫瑰，是主动感受当下微小的美好，完全符合EA的特征。因此选D。
2. 逐一核对选项和原文内容：
A. 原文提到回忆过去一周最有意义事件的人普遍报告了很高的EA，也就是回忆过去会提升意义感，该选项表述相反，错误；
B. 文中多组研究结果显示，越懂得欣赏生活小事的人，越觉得自己的人生有价值，说明享受小事物会影响我们对生活的态度，表述正确；
C. 第一个研究仅说明通过欣赏生活之美来减压的人会感知到更高的人生意义，并没有提出“合理压力管理是满意生活的关键”，属于过度解读，错误；
D. 原文提到EA是人和事件的连接，并没有提到对美的判断能提升人和人之间的连接，无中生有，错误。因此选B。
3. 最后一段核心表述为：我们快节奏的生活满是目标，过度关注未来的产出和结果，很容易错过当下正在发生的事。对应核心内容就是我们经常对当下的时刻视而不见。其余选项：A“结果导向的人更容易成功”原文未提及；C“快节奏生活帮我们达成目标”和原文表意相悖；D“未来生活会带来更多惊喜”不符合段落内容，因此选B。
4. 全文的行文主线是：先介绍传统研究提出的人生意义的三个因素，再引出作者团队新发现的EA这一影响人生意义的全新因素，通过多组研究验证二者的关联，因此作者的核心写作目的是介绍一个能让人生更有意义的新因素。其余选项：A“解释如何发现生活中的美”偏离核心主题；B“探讨人生的真正意义是什么”不是文章重点，文章没有定义人生的本质意义；D“对比不同的人生意义影响因素”错误，文章没有将不同因素作为核心对比对象，因此选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳，说明文阅读
【点评】
本篇阅读贴合生活实际，难度梯度设置合理，既考查学生快速在文本中定位关键信息、甄别错误干扰项的基础阅读能力，也要求学生梳理全文行文逻辑，准确区分作者提出的新研究结论和传统认知，对学生的信息整合能力有一定的锻炼作用，同时也能引导学生意识到慢下来欣赏生活小美好的重要性。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇围绕“人生意义的影响因素”展开的说明文，解题时首先通读全文理清行文逻辑：文章先引入传统研究提出的有意义人生的三大因素，再引出作者团队提出的新变量“体验欣赏（EA）”，通过多组对照研究验证EA和人生意义感的关联，最后给出相关生活建议。解题时逐题对应文本定位：第1题先锁定EA的核心定义，匹配符合定义的行为；第2题将每个选项和文中研究结论逐一比对，排除表述错误的干扰项；第3题聚焦最后一段的核心表述，提炼段落主旨；第4题梳理全文的写作脉络，判断作者的核心写作目的即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 文中明确说明EA（体验欣赏）的核心是主动欣赏生活里的微小美好瞬间，发现、赞叹生活的美。逐一分析选项：
A. 为即将到来的假期制定旅行计划属于长期目标规划，不符合EA定义；
B. 在商店里匆忙为顾客服务是赶任务的状态，没有欣赏美好，不符合；
C. 努力练习成为最好的小提琴手属于长期奋斗目标，不符合；
D. 停下脚步欣赏路边的玫瑰，是主动感受当下微小的美好，完全符合EA的特征。因此选D。
2. 逐一核对选项和原文内容：
A. 原文提到回忆过去一周最有意义事件的人普遍报告了很高的EA，也就是回忆过去会提升意义感，该选项表述相反，错误；
B. 文中多组研究结果显示，越懂得欣赏生活小事的人，越觉得自己的人生有价值，说明享受小事物会影响我们对生活的态度，表述正确；
C. 第一个研究仅说明通过欣赏生活之美来减压的人会感知到更高的人生意义，并没有提出“合理压力管理是满意生活的关键”，属于过度解读，错误；
D. 原文提到EA是人和事件的连接，并没有提到对美的判断能提升人和人之间的连接，无中生有，错误。因此选B。
3. 最后一段核心表述为：我们快节奏的生活满是目标，过度关注未来的产出和结果，很容易错过当下正在发生的事。对应核心内容就是我们经常对当下的时刻视而不见。其余选项：A“结果导向的人更容易成功”原文未提及；C“快节奏生活帮我们达成目标”和原文表意相悖；D“未来生活会带来更多惊喜”不符合段落内容，因此选B。
4. 全文的行文主线是：先介绍传统研究提出的人生意义的三个因素，再引出作者团队新发现的EA这一影响人生意义的全新因素，通过多组研究验证二者的关联，因此作者的核心写作目的是介绍一个能让人生更有意义的新因素。其余选项：A“解释如何发现生活中的美”偏离核心主题；B“探讨人生的真正意义是什么”不是文章重点，文章没有定义人生的本质意义；D“对比不同的人生意义影响因素”错误，文章没有将不同因素作为核心对比对象，因此选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳，说明文阅读
【点评】
本篇阅读贴合生活实际，难度梯度设置合理，既考查学生快速在文本中定位关键信息、甄别错误干扰项的基础阅读能力，也要求学生梳理全文行文逻辑，准确区分作者提出的新研究结论和传统认知，对学生的信息整合能力有一定的锻炼作用，同时也能引导学生意识到慢下来欣赏生活小美好的重要性。
【难度系数】
0.7
