一、根据括号中的中文提示，写出句中所缺单词或短语，使句子通顺。
1. According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people brushed their teeth with some small tree (树枝).
2. When her mother was ill in hospital, she stayed quietly at the (床边) all night to take good care of her.
3. The little girl leaned (紧靠) the big tree and enjoyed the cool wind.
4. When he heard someone laugh at his mistakes, he could hardly hide his (愤怒) and walked away quietly.
5. If you explain your idea clearly and calmly to others, your words will surely (讲得通) to them.

1. branches 2. bedside 3. against 4. anger 5. make sense

【分析】
本题为根据中文提示填写英语单词的基础题，解题思路是：先明确每个中文提示对应的英语单词，再结合句子的语法结构、固定搭配或语境，调整单词的正确形式（如单复数、词性等），确保填入后句子通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 中文提示“树枝”对应单词branch，句中some修饰可数名词复数，故填branches；
2. 中文提示“床边”对应名词bedside，固定搭配at the bedside表示“在床边”，故填bedside；
3. 中文提示“紧靠”对应介词against，lean against是固定短语，意为“倚靠”，故填against；
4. 中文提示“愤怒”对应名词anger，hide one's anger是固定搭配，意为“隐藏愤怒”，故填anger；
5. 中文提示“讲得通”对应固定短语make sense，will后接动词原形，故填make sense。
【答案】
1. branches 2. bedside 3. against 4. anger 5. make sense
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、固定短语搭配、名词单复数
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇及常用固定搭配，侧重对核心词汇词义和形式的掌握，是英语学习中的基础题型，适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、根据短文内容，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整通顺。
China has a long history, and many stories are 1 (hide) in ancient books, such as Shan Hai Jing, or Classic of Mountains and Seas. It is a fantastic geographical and 2 (culture) record of the pre-Qin China as well as a collection of Chinese mythology(神话).
Once, it 3 (think) that mythical characters such as Yu the Great or Boyi wrote the book. However, some scholars think that the book was not written at a single time by a single writer, but rather by many people from the period of the Warring States to the beginning of the Han Dynasty. Over the years, researchers 4 (study) this classic extensively. But the exact writer of the book and the time it was written are still 5 (certain).
There is nothing more attractive in Shan Hai Jing than the mysterious monsters described in it. Here are several 6 (example). On the Mountain Zhao Yao, there is an animal that looks like a long-tailed ape, but it has white ears. It runs like a human. 7 (it) name is Xing Xing. If you eat it, you'll be a good runner. Also there is a bird in Mount Ji. It looks like a chicken, but it has three heads, six eyes, six feet, and three wings. Its name is Huan. If you eat it, you won't keep 8 (fall) asleep. These monsters give readers a look at the ancients' 9 (understand) and imagination of some unknown things.
As a record of ancient Chinese mythology, Shan Hai Jing is 10 (attract) without doubt. It is an encyclopedia(百科全书) that can show ancient social life.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. hidden 2. cultural 3. was thought 4. have studied 5. uncertain 6. examples 7. Its 8. falling 9. understanding 10. attractive

【分析】
本题为英语短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则（时态、语态、词性转换）及固定搭配确定单词的正确形式。解题时先通读短文理解大意，再逐个分析每个空格的语法成分和逻辑关系：1. 考查被动语态；2. 考查形容词修饰名词；3. 考查一般过去时的被动语态；4. 考查现在完成时；5. 考查形容词词义转换；6. 考查可数名词复数；7. 考查形容词性物主代词；8. 考查固定搭配keep doing；9. 考查名词所有格后接名词；10. 考查形容词作表语。
【解析】
1. 句意：很多故事藏在古籍里。stories与hide是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，hide的过去分词为hidden，故填hidden。
2. 修饰名词record需用形容词，culture的形容词形式为cultural，故填cultural。
3. once表过去时间，it与think是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was thought。
4. over the years是现在完成时的标志，主语researchers为复数，故填have studied。
5. 结合语境“确切的作者和时间仍不确定”，填certain的反义词uncertain，故填uncertain。
6. several后接可数名词复数，example的复数为examples，故填examples。
7. 修饰名词name需用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词为Its，首字母大写，故填Its。
8. 固定搭配keep doing sth表示“一直做某事”，故填falling。
9. 名词所有格ancients'后接名词，understand的名词形式为understanding，故填understanding。
10. is后接形容词作表语，attract的形容词形式为attractive，故填attractive。
【答案】
1. hidden 2. cultural 3. was thought 4. have studied 5. uncertain 6. examples 7. Its 8. falling 9. understanding 10. attractive
【知识点】
动词时态与语态、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语词汇的正确形式运用，涵盖语法、词性、固定搭配等基础考点，需结合语境分析，是初中英语常见题型，注重基础能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.5