五、(2026·徐州沛县三中期中)完形填空
词数:255 体裁:说明文 核心素养:语言能力
话题:父亲在家庭教育中的作用 难度:中 建议用时:7分钟
How many fathers usually come to the parent-teacher meetings of your class? Have you ever 1 a "dads only" parent-teacher meeting?
On Aug 24, a 2 in Hangzhou had a special meeting where only dads were invited. The meeting hoped to "3 dads to take an active part in family education, reported by Guangming Daily." In the last few years, people have been talking about the 4 that fathers are absent from family education of kids. According to a 2020 survey by the All-China Women's Federation(中华妇女联合会) and National Bureau of Statistics(国家统计局), most mums in China help their kids with 5. About 68 out of 100 mums do this.
However, dads and mums both play 6 roles in their children's education. 7 can shape young kids' personalities said Luo Xuepeng from Guangdong. He is a father of a 9-year-old boy. "A rational(理性的) and strong dad can help kids have good habits and become more 8 he added.
Of course, dads can't offer 9 by themselves. If laws give dads more time to 10 their babies, if jobs let dads go to school meetings and 11 more time with their kids, and if people 12 believing that only mums should do these things, then things will get better, noted the Global Times.
Some schools are now taking actions to change this situation. They 13 father-child activities and parenting classes for dads. 14 these efforts, more fathers are realizing their importance in children's growth. It's 15 too late to get involved in(参与) your child's life and education.
1. A. thought of B. heard from
C. looked for D. learned from
2. A. school B. restaurant
C. supermarket D. library
3. A. force B. review
C. encourage D. imagine
4. A. influence B. balance
C. suggestion D. fact
5. A. housework B. homework
C. habits D. hobbies
6. A. important B. unimportant
C. polite D. difficult
7. A. Mums B. Dads
C. Teachers D. Friends
8. A. impolite B. lazy
C. silent D. outgoing
9. A. anything B. something
C. everything D. nothing
10. A. care for B. connect to
C. show off D. deal with
11. A. play B. live
C. look D. spend
12. A. stop B. begin
C. keep D. enjoy
13. A. force B. require
C. lead D. organize
14. A. Through B. In
C. With D. To
15. A. always B. never
C. hardly D. sometimes

[文章大意]本文主要介绍了父亲在家庭教育中经常缺席的现状,强调父母双方在孩子教育中的重要作用,并提出改善这一现状的建议,以及部分学校已采取的相关行动。
1. A [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意:你是否曾想过有一场“仅限爸爸参加”的家长会吗?think of 想到;hear from 收到……的来信;look for 寻找;learn from 从……学到。结合“Have you ever... a ‘dads only’ parent-teacher meeting?”可知,此处询问你是否想过这种类型的家长会。故选 A。
2. A [解析]考查名词辨析。句意:8月24日,杭州的一所学校举办了一场特殊的会议,只邀请了父亲们参加。school 学校;restaurant 餐厅;supermarket 超市;library 图书馆。根据“come to the parent-teacher meetings of your class”可知,这场会议的举办地应为学校。故选 A。
3. C [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:据《光明日报》报道,这次会议希望“鼓励父亲们积极参与家庭教育”。force 强迫;review 复习,回顾;encourage 鼓励;imagine 想象。根据“dads to take an active part in family education”可知,会议的目的是鼓励父亲参与家庭教育,而非强迫。故选 C。
4. D [解析]考查名词辨析。句意:过去几年,人们一直在谈论父亲缺席孩子家庭教育这一事实。influence 影响;balance 平衡;suggestion 建议;fact 事实。根据“About 68 out of 100 mums do this.”可知,调查结果印证了“父亲缺席家庭教育”是客观事实。故选 D。
5. B [解析]考查名词辨析。句意:根据中华妇女联合会和国家统计局2020年的一项调查,中国大多数母亲帮助孩子做家庭作业。housework 家务;homework 家庭作业;habit 习惯;hobby 爱好。根据“most mums in China help their kids with...”及常识可知,在家庭教育中,母亲帮助孩子的核心内容多为作业。故选 B。
6. A [解析]考查形容词辨析。句意:然而,父亲和母亲在孩子的教育中都扮演着重要的角色。important 重要的;unimportant 不重要的;polite 礼貌的;difficult 困难的。根据“However, dads and mums both play... roles in their children's education.”可知,父母双方的角色都很重要。故选 A。
7. B [解析]考查名词辨析。句意:广东的罗学鹏说,父亲能塑造幼儿的性格。mum 母亲;dad 父亲;teacher 老师;friend 朋友。根据“He is a father of a 9-year-old boy.”及后文罗学鹏作为父亲的发言可知,此处特指父亲对孩子性格的影响。故选 B。
8. D [解析]考查形容词辨析。句意:他补充道:“一个理性且坚强的父亲能帮助孩子养成好习惯,变得更外向。”impolite 不礼貌的;lazy 懒惰的;silent 沉默的;outgoing 外向的。根据“rational(理性的) and strong dad can help kids have good habits”可知,“理性且坚强”的父亲形象应是给孩子带来积极影响,outgoing 符合语境。故选 D。
9. C [解析]考查代词辨析。句意:当然,父亲们无法独自提供一切。anything 任何事物(用于否定句/疑问句);something 某事(用于肯定句);everything 一切;nothing 没有什么。根据“Of course, dads can't offer... by themselves.”可知,孩子的教育需要多方配合,父亲不能独自承担所有。故选 C。
10. A [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意:《环球时报》指出,如果法律给予父亲更多时间照顾孩子,如果工作允许父亲参加学校会议并花更多时间陪伴孩子。care for 照顾;connect to 连接到;show off 炫耀;deal with 处理。根据“If laws give dads more time to... their babies”可知,法律应给予父亲照顾孩子的时间。故选 A。
11. D [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:如果法律给予父亲更多时间照顾孩子,如果工作允许父亲参加学校会议并花更多时间陪伴孩子。play 玩;live 居住;look 看;spend 花费。spend time with sb 为固定短语,意为“花时间陪伴某人”。故选 D。
12. A [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:如果人们不再认为只有母亲应该做这些事情,那么情况将会好转。stop 停止;begin 开始;keep 保持;enjoy 享受。根据“and if people... believing that only mums should do these things, then things will get better,”可知,要想改善父亲缺席孩子家庭教育的现状,需要打破“只有母亲应该做这些事”的固有认知。故选 A。
13. D [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:他们为父亲们组织亲子活动和育儿课程。force 强迫;require 要求;lead 带领;organize 组织。根据“Some schools are now taking actions to change this situation.”可知,学校正在采取行动,此处指学校组织相关活动和课程。故选 D。
近义表达:take steps
14. A [解析]考查介词辨析。句意:通过这些努力,越来越多的父亲意识到自己在孩子成长中的重要性。through 通过;in 在……里面;with 伴随;to 朝向。根据“more fathers are realizing their importance in children's growth”可知,此处强调通过学校的努力达到的效果。故选 A。
15. B [解析]考查副词辨析。句意:参与孩子的生活和教育永远都不会太晚。always 总是;never 从不;hardly 几乎不;sometimes 有时。根据“It's... too late to get involved in(参与) your child's life and education.”可知,此处表达“参与永远都不晚”的积极态度。故选 B。

【分析】
这是一篇关于父亲在家庭教育中作用的说明文完形填空，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，把握文章主旨（父亲缺席家庭教育的现状、父母双方在孩子教育中的重要性及改善措施）；2. 逐题分析，结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配等知识，逐一排除不合适的选项，选出正确答案；3. 最后通读全文，检查答案是否符合逻辑和语境。
【解析】
1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你是否曾想过有一场“仅限爸爸参加”的家长会吗？think of意为“想到”，符合语境；hear from意为“收到……来信”，look for意为“寻找”，learn from意为“从……学到”，均不符合。故选A。
2. 考查名词辨析。句意：8月24日，杭州的一所学校举办了一场特殊的会议，只邀请了父亲们参加。根据前文提到的“parent-teacher meetings（家长会）”可知，会议举办地应为学校，school符合；restaurant（餐厅）、supermarket（超市）、library（图书馆）均不符合。故选A。
3. 考查动词辨析。句意：这次会议希望“鼓励父亲们积极参与家庭教育”。force意为“强迫”，review意为“复习、回顾”，encourage意为“鼓励”，imagine意为“想象”，结合语境，会议目的是鼓励父亲参与，故选C。
4. 考查名词辨析。句意：过去几年，人们一直在谈论父亲缺席孩子家庭教育这一事实。influence意为“影响”，balance意为“平衡”，suggestion意为“建议”，fact意为“事实”，根据后文调查数据可知，这是客观存在的事实，故选D。
5. 考查名词辨析。句意：中国大多数母亲帮助孩子做家庭作业。housework意为“家务”，homework意为“家庭作业”，habit意为“习惯”，hobby意为“爱好”，结合家庭教育常识，母亲多帮助孩子处理作业，故选B。
6. 考查形容词辨析。句意：父亲和母亲在孩子的教育中都扮演着重要的角色。important意为“重要的”，unimportant意为“不重要的”，polite意为“礼貌的”，difficult意为“困难的”，根据语境，父母双方都重要，故选A。
7. 考查名词辨析。句意：父亲能塑造幼儿的性格。根据后文“He is a father of a 9-year-old boy.”可知，此处特指父亲的作用，mums（母亲）、teachers（老师）、friends（朋友）均不符合，故选B。
8. 考查形容词辨析。句意：一个理性且坚强的父亲能帮助孩子养成好习惯，变得更外向。impolite意为“不礼貌的”，lazy意为“懒惰的”，silent意为“沉默的”，outgoing意为“外向的”，结合积极的语境，outgoing符合，故选D。
9. 考查代词辨析。句意：父亲们无法独自提供一切。anything用于否定/疑问句，something用于肯定句，everything意为“一切”，nothing意为“没有什么”，根据语境，孩子教育需要多方配合，父亲不能独自承担所有，故选C。
10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果法律给予父亲更多时间照顾孩子。care for意为“照顾”，connect to意为“连接到”，show off意为“炫耀”，deal with意为“处理”，结合语境，法律应给予父亲照顾孩子的时间，故选A。
11. 考查动词辨析。句意：如果工作允许父亲参加学校会议并花更多时间陪伴孩子。spend time with sb是固定短语，意为“花时间陪伴某人”，play（玩）、live（居住）、look（看）均不符合，故选D。
12. 考查动词辨析。句意：如果人们不再认为只有母亲应该做这些事情，那么情况将会好转。stop意为“停止”，begin意为“开始”，keep意为“保持”，enjoy意为“享受”，结合语境，要打破固有认知，需停止这种想法，故选A。
13. 考查动词辨析。句意：他们为父亲们组织亲子活动和育儿课程。force意为“强迫”，require意为“要求”，lead意为“带领”，organize意为“组织”，学校采取行动，组织相关活动，故选D。
14. 考查介词辨析。句意：通过这些努力，越来越多的父亲意识到自己在孩子成长中的重要性。through意为“通过”，in意为“在……里”，with意为“伴随”，to意为“朝向”，此处强调通过努力达到效果，故选A。
15. 考查副词辨析。句意：参与孩子的生活和教育永远都不会太晚。always意为“总是”，never意为“从不”，hardly意为“几乎不”，sometimes意为“有时”，结合积极态度，never too late表示“永远不晚”，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.B
【知识点】
词汇辨析、完形解题技巧、固定搭配
【点评】
本文围绕父亲在家庭教育中的作用展开，话题贴近现实生活，传递了积极的教育理念。题目侧重考查词汇辨析和上下文语境理解，难度适中，有助于学生提升完形填空的解题能力，同时加深对家庭教育的认识。
【难度系数】
0.5

六、（2026·常州实验初中期中）阅读理解
词数：343 体裁：说明文 核心素养：思维品质
话题：如何应对意见不合 难度：难 建议用时：9分钟
You may disagree with your friends or
family members in some cases. While disagreements can be uncomfortable, there are some steps you can take to make conversations more polite and meaningful.
Listen to their side
Even if you don't share someone's point of view, you can still listen to what they want to say. Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them. Keep eye contact, nod and move your body towards the person you are listening to. Another way to show that you're listening is by asking questions or repeating what they have said. You can start by saying, “OK. If I understand you, you are saying. . .”
Try respectful language
When someone has an opinion you don't agree with, it can be easy to dismiss(摒弃) it. Some people refute(驳斥) others' opinions by attacking or making fun of them. Here are some ways for you to express opinions with respect. Don't use rude words like “stupid”. Stay calm and start with “I” instead of “You”. For example, you might say “I feel” or “I see this in another way”. Also make sure you will not use “We” language, even if you know others in your group agree with you.
▲
An opinion with feelings is weak. If you have a strong opinion, you can make a better case for it with facts. Facts are not based on personal feelings or guesses, they are true statements. Say what you would like to say in a calm voice and make sure your facts are from sources(来源) that can be trusted. If you are stopped, gently remind the person that you gave them a turn to speak and now you would like to speak. Then give the person a chance to reply.
Find common(共同的) ground
You may find that you can't change others' minds, and they may not change yours. Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion. In the end, it's worth the effort because healthy communication builds strong relationships with others.
1. 新考法 推断段落大意 What does the writer mainly explain in Paragraph 2?
A. Why do you need to listen to others' side?
B. How can you show that you are listening?
C. What can you say to express your understanding?
D. When do you ask questions or repeat others' words?
2. 新考法 推断作者写作手法 What way does the writer use to connect the ideas in Paragraph 3?
A. Showing sequence.
B. Giving examples.
C. Presenting numbers.
D. Describing cause and effect.
3. 新考法 句子还原 Which of the following is the most suitable for “▲”?
A. Use facts instead
B. Say in a calm voice
C. Share better feelings
D. Give others a chance
4. Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?
A. If you can't change others' minds, you can change yours.
B. If you're stopped, you need to give others a turn to speak.
C. To better understand others, looking for common views is necessary.
D. To have healthy communication, building strong relationships is important.

[文章大意]本文主要介绍了在与朋友或家人意见不合时,如何使对话更加礼貌和有意义。
1. B [解析]段落大意题。根据“Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them.”可知,第二段主要讲述的是如何通过肢体语言(如眼神交流、点头)、提问或复述对方的话来表明自己在倾听。故选 B。
2. B [解析]写作手法题。根据“Don't use rude words like ‘stupid’. Stay calm and start with ‘I’ instead of ‘You’. For example, you might say ‘I feel’ or ‘I see this in another way’. Also make sure you will not use ‘We’ language, even if you know others in your group agree with you.”可推知,第三段通过列举具体方法(如避免粗鲁词汇、用“I”代替“You”、不用“We”语言)来说明如何使用礼貌的措施来表达观点,属于“举例”。故选 B。
3. A [解析]标题归纳题。根据“If you have a strong opinion, you can make a better case for it with facts. Facts are not based on personal feelings or guesses, they are true statements.”可知,本段强调“用事实而非情感来支持观点”,选项 A“使用事实代替”与之对应。故选 A。
4. C [解析]细节理解题。根据“Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion.”可知,你要寻找你同意的观点,这样你们也可以更好地理解彼此的观点。选项 C“为了更好地理解他人,寻找共同的观点是必要的。”与之符合。故选 C。
技巧点拨 细节理解题
第一步,根据题干信息,定位关键词;第二步,运用略读技巧,回原文定位信息;第三步,注意原文和选项是否一致;第四步,选项中有表示决定性的语气词一般不是答案。

【分析】
本题是一篇关于如何应对意见不合的说明文阅读理解题，共4道小题，分别考查段落大意、写作手法、句子还原和细节理解。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题（段落大意）：定位第二段，明确核心是“倾听对方观点”，重点梳理如何通过肢体动作、提问等方式表明在倾听，匹配对应选项；
2. 第2题（写作手法）：定位第三段，发现“For example”的举例标志，判断写作手法类型；
3. 第3题（句子还原）：分析▲后段落核心，明确其强调“用事实替代情感支撑观点”，匹配对应选项；
4. 第4题（细节理解）：逐个选项回原文定位，对比原文信息，排除不符选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：段落大意题。第二段围绕“倾听对方观点”展开，通过“Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them”等内容，说明如何表明自己在倾听，对应选项B。A选项“为什么需要倾听”未提及；C选项“表达理解的话”仅为局部内容；D选项“何时提问或重复”非核心，故选B。
2. 第2题：写作手法题。第三段中“For example”后列举了避免粗鲁词汇、用“I”代替“You”等具体方法，属于举例说明，对应选项B。A选项“展示顺序”、C选项“呈现数字”、D选项“因果描述”均不符合，故选B。
3. 第3题：句子还原题。▲后的段落强调“用事实而非个人情感或猜测支撑观点”，选项A“Use facts instead”与之完全对应，故选A。B选项“平静表达”、C选项“分享感受”、D选项“给他人机会”均不符合该段核心，故选A。
4. 第4题：细节理解题。A选项与原文“you can't change others' minds”不符；B选项与原文“If you are stopped, gently remind the person that you gave them a turn to speak and now you would like to speak”不符；C选项与原文“Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion”一致；D选项逻辑颠倒，原文是“健康沟通建立牢固关系”，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解、段落大意概括、细节理解
【点评】
本题围绕人际沟通话题，考查学生对说明文的阅读理解能力，涵盖段落大意、写作手法、句子还原及细节比对，需精准定位原文信息，结合题干要求分析选项，整体难度较高，需具备较强的文本解读能力。
【难度系数】
0.3