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三、阅读理解
When your friends are having a bad day, you may go to them and try your best to make them feel better, right? Believe it or not, elephants can do the same thing.
Some scientists studied 26 elephants between the ages of 3 and 60 at the Elephant Nature Park in Thailand. They found that elephants can know when their friends are not happy. They even try to make their friends happy. For example, when some elephants do not feel happy, the others in the family group always try to give them friendly touches. They do it by putting their long, big trunks (象鼻) in each other’s mouths. Nearby elephants also make some special noise to calm them down. Sometimes, they just stand close to their friends.
Scientists also noticed something else. Elephants would not easily leave behind their weak family members. When one elephant is hurt, the stronger elephants in the family group would go to take care of him or her.
The study surprised the scientists. They never expected (预料) that elephants could care about each other so much. Whether elephants are sick or sad, their friends would not easily leave them alone. That is truly amazing.
(
A. 12. B. 26. C. 60. D. 63.
(
① standing close to it ② making special noise
③ giving it friendly touches
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①③ D. ①②③
(
A. care about B. go away from
C. be willing to help D. give support to
(
(
A. ask people to protect elephants
B. tell people about a study of elephants
C. help people find out why elephants are sad
D. teach people how to help elephants live in the park
When your friends are having a bad day, you may go to them and try your best to make them feel better, right? Believe it or not, elephants can do the same thing.
Some scientists studied 26 elephants between the ages of 3 and 60 at the Elephant Nature Park in Thailand. They found that elephants can know when their friends are not happy. They even try to make their friends happy. For example, when some elephants do not feel happy, the others in the family group always try to give them friendly touches. They do it by putting their long, big trunks (象鼻) in each other’s mouths. Nearby elephants also make some special noise to calm them down. Sometimes, they just stand close to their friends.
Scientists also noticed something else. Elephants would not easily leave behind their weak family members. When one elephant is hurt, the stronger elephants in the family group would go to take care of him or her.
The study surprised the scientists. They never expected (预料) that elephants could care about each other so much. Whether elephants are sick or sad, their friends would not easily leave them alone. That is truly amazing.
(
B
) 1. How many elephants did the scientists study in Thailand?A. 12. B. 26. C. 60. D. 63.
(
D
) 2. If an elephant doesn’t feel happy, its friends may help it by .① standing close to it ② making special noise
③ giving it friendly touches
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①③ D. ①②③
(
B
) 3. The underlined phrase “leave behind” in paragraph 3 means “”.A. care about B. go away from
C. be willing to help D. give support to
(
A
) 4. Which of the following is the structure (结构) of the passage?(
B
) 5. The purpose (目的) of the passage is to .A. ask people to protect elephants
B. tell people about a study of elephants
C. help people find out why elephants are sad
D. teach people how to help elephants live in the park
答案
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文中科学家研究的大象数量，直接查找对应数字即可。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需在原文中找出大象帮助不开心同伴的所有方式，逐一核对选项内容。
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境，根据后文大象照顾虚弱成员的描述推断短语含义。
4. 第4题是文章结构题，需梳理各段落核心内容，判断整体行文结构。
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，需总结全文核心内容，明确作者的写作目的。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段第一句“Some scientists studied 26 elephants between the ages of 3 and 60 at the Elephant Nature Park in Thailand.”可知，研究的大象数量为26，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“...try to give them friendly touches...make some special noise to calm them down. Sometimes, they just stand close to their friends.”可知，三种帮助方式均有体现，故选D。
3. 词义猜测题：根据第三段“Elephants would not easily leave behind their weak family members. When one elephant is hurt, the stronger elephants...would go to take care of him or her.”可知，大象不会轻易“离开”虚弱成员，故leave behind意为“go away from”，选B。
4. 文章结构题：第一段引出大象会安慰朋友的话题；第二段具体介绍大象安慰同伴的行为；第三段说明大象不会抛弃虚弱成员；第四段总结研究结果，为总-分-总结构，对应选项A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕科学家对大象社交行为的研究展开，介绍大象关心同伴的表现，写作目的是告知读者这项研究，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，聚焦大象的社交行为研究，考查学生提取细节、猜测词义、把握文章结构与主旨的能力，题目设置贴合原文，难度适中，需学生精准定位原文信息。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文中科学家研究的大象数量，直接查找对应数字即可。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需在原文中找出大象帮助不开心同伴的所有方式，逐一核对选项内容。
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境，根据后文大象照顾虚弱成员的描述推断短语含义。
4. 第4题是文章结构题，需梳理各段落核心内容，判断整体行文结构。
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，需总结全文核心内容，明确作者的写作目的。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段第一句“Some scientists studied 26 elephants between the ages of 3 and 60 at the Elephant Nature Park in Thailand.”可知，研究的大象数量为26，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“...try to give them friendly touches...make some special noise to calm them down. Sometimes, they just stand close to their friends.”可知，三种帮助方式均有体现，故选D。
3. 词义猜测题：根据第三段“Elephants would not easily leave behind their weak family members. When one elephant is hurt, the stronger elephants...would go to take care of him or her.”可知，大象不会轻易“离开”虚弱成员，故leave behind意为“go away from”，选B。
4. 文章结构题：第一段引出大象会安慰朋友的话题；第二段具体介绍大象安慰同伴的行为；第三段说明大象不会抛弃虚弱成员；第四段总结研究结果，为总-分-总结构，对应选项A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕科学家对大象社交行为的研究展开，介绍大象关心同伴的表现，写作目的是告知读者这项研究，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，聚焦大象的社交行为研究，考查学生提取细节、猜测词义、把握文章结构与主旨的能力，题目设置贴合原文，难度适中，需学生精准定位原文信息。
【难度系数】
0.6
四、信息还原
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to admire (羡慕) people who have beautiful houses with large gardens. 1 Why? Because people with big houses may often feel lonely and people with cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you pay attention to it. 2 When you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking care of your daily life and your health. When you succeed, your friends will say “Congratulations!” to you. When you do something wrong, people around you will help you correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. 3 If you pay a little attention to them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. 4 When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy. That’s because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving (旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. 5
A. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you.
B. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
C. All these can bring you happiness.
D. There are a lot of people who wait for your help.
E. You don’t need to admire those who have cars, either.
F. It is a feeling of your heart.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
阅读短文，从方框中选出能填入空格处的最佳选项，有一个多余选项。
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to admire (羡慕) people who have beautiful houses with large gardens. 1 Why? Because people with big houses may often feel lonely and people with cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you pay attention to it. 2 When you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking care of your daily life and your health. When you succeed, your friends will say “Congratulations!” to you. When you do something wrong, people around you will help you correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. 3 If you pay a little attention to them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. 4 When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy. That’s because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving (旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. 5
A. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you.
B. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
C. All these can bring you happiness.
D. There are a lot of people who wait for your help.
E. You don’t need to admire those who have cars, either.
F. It is a feeling of your heart.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
1.E 2.A 3.C 4.F 5.B
解析
【分析】
本题为英语信息还原题，解题思路是先通读全文把握主旨（幸福无处不在，与金钱无关，需关注身边的幸福），再逐个分析空格前后的语境，结合选项的逻辑衔接性逐一匹配：1. 空格前提及不必羡慕有大房子的人，需对应“不必羡慕有车的人”的表述；2. 空格后列举多个生活场景，需选其中一个具体场景衔接；3. 空格前列举带来幸福的行为，需选总结性语句；4. 空格前说幸福与金钱不同，需选解释幸福本质的语句；5. 空格前用旋转门比喻生活，需选呼应主旨的总结句。
【解析】
1. 前文提到“你不必羡慕有带大花园的漂亮房子的人”，选项E“你也不必羡慕那些有车的人”句式一致、逻辑连贯，故1选E；
2. 后文列举学习、成功、犯错等场景，选项A“当你在学校遇到困难时，你的朋友会帮助你”是其中一个具体场景，衔接自然，故2选A；
3. 前文列举多种带来幸福的行为，选项C“所有这些都能给你带来幸福”总结上文，故3选C；
4. 前文说“幸福和金钱不一样”，选项F“它是你内心的一种感觉”解释幸福的属性，符合语境，故4选F；
5. 前文用旋转门比喻生活，选项B“如果你抓住你得到的每一个机会，你就能成为一个快乐和幸运的人”呼应主旨，总结全文，故5选B。
【答案】
1.E 2.A 3.C 4.F 5.B
【知识点】
英语信息还原、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对文章主旨的把握及上下文逻辑衔接能力，是初中英语常见题型，需学生仔细分析前后文对应关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语信息还原题，解题思路是先通读全文把握主旨（幸福无处不在，与金钱无关，需关注身边的幸福），再逐个分析空格前后的语境，结合选项的逻辑衔接性逐一匹配：1. 空格前提及不必羡慕有大房子的人，需对应“不必羡慕有车的人”的表述；2. 空格后列举多个生活场景，需选其中一个具体场景衔接；3. 空格前列举带来幸福的行为，需选总结性语句；4. 空格前说幸福与金钱不同，需选解释幸福本质的语句；5. 空格前用旋转门比喻生活，需选呼应主旨的总结句。
【解析】
1. 前文提到“你不必羡慕有带大花园的漂亮房子的人”，选项E“你也不必羡慕那些有车的人”句式一致、逻辑连贯，故1选E；
2. 后文列举学习、成功、犯错等场景，选项A“当你在学校遇到困难时，你的朋友会帮助你”是其中一个具体场景，衔接自然，故2选A；
3. 前文列举多种带来幸福的行为，选项C“所有这些都能给你带来幸福”总结上文，故3选C；
4. 前文说“幸福和金钱不一样”，选项F“它是你内心的一种感觉”解释幸福的属性，符合语境，故4选F；
5. 前文用旋转门比喻生活，选项B“如果你抓住你得到的每一个机会，你就能成为一个快乐和幸运的人”呼应主旨，总结全文，故5选B。
【答案】
1.E 2.A 3.C 4.F 5.B
【知识点】
英语信息还原、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对文章主旨的把握及上下文逻辑衔接能力，是初中英语常见题型，需学生仔细分析前后文对应关系，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
