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Ⅳ. 阅读理解
第一节:阅读下面A、B、C三篇材料,从给出的四个选项中选出回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。
A
Wang Anshi
The old year is blown away by firecrackers;
The spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu wine.
While the rising sun shines over each and every household;
People replace old peach wood charms with new ones.
36. What do people do in the poem?
A. They visit friends.
B. They set off firecrackers.
C. They eat peaches.
D. They go for a walk in the sun.
37. How might Wang Anshi feel when he wrote the poem?
A. Lonely.
B. Surprised.
C. Hopeful.
D. Bored.
38. What is the Chinese title for the blank (空白处)?
A.《元日》
B.《守岁》
C.《新年作》
D.《清明》
B
第一节:阅读下面A、B、C三篇材料,从给出的四个选项中选出回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。
A
Wang Anshi
The old year is blown away by firecrackers;
The spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu wine.
While the rising sun shines over each and every household;
People replace old peach wood charms with new ones.
36. What do people do in the poem?
A. They visit friends.
B. They set off firecrackers.
C. They eat peaches.
D. They go for a walk in the sun.
37. How might Wang Anshi feel when he wrote the poem?
A. Lonely.
B. Surprised.
C. Hopeful.
D. Bored.
38. What is the Chinese title for the blank (空白处)?
A.《元日》
B.《守岁》
C.《新年作》
D.《清明》
B
答案
36. B 37. C 38. A
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含三道小题：第36题是细节理解题，需定位诗歌原文中描述人们行为的内容，匹配对应选项；第37题是情感推断题，需结合诗歌描绘的场景判断作者的情感倾向；第38题是文学常识题，需掌握王安石这首古诗的对应标题。
【解析】
36题：根据诗歌第一句“The old year is blown away by firecrackers”，明确提到人们放鞭炮，对应选项B；
37题：诗歌描绘了新年辞旧迎新、万象更新的热闹景象，传递出积极向上的希望感，因此作者创作时是充满希望的，选C；
38题：这首王安石描写新年的古诗是《元日》，对应选项A。
【答案】
36.B 37.C 38.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、诗歌情感推断、文学常识
【点评】
本题结合古诗考察英语阅读理解，涵盖细节查找、情感判断和文学常识，题型常规，需准确提取原文信息并积累相关文学知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含三道小题：第36题是细节理解题，需定位诗歌原文中描述人们行为的内容，匹配对应选项；第37题是情感推断题，需结合诗歌描绘的场景判断作者的情感倾向；第38题是文学常识题，需掌握王安石这首古诗的对应标题。
【解析】
36题：根据诗歌第一句“The old year is blown away by firecrackers”，明确提到人们放鞭炮，对应选项B；
37题：诗歌描绘了新年辞旧迎新、万象更新的热闹景象，传递出积极向上的希望感，因此作者创作时是充满希望的，选C；
38题：这首王安石描写新年的古诗是《元日》，对应选项A。
【答案】
36.B 37.C 38.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、诗歌情感推断、文学常识
【点评】
本题结合古诗考察英语阅读理解，涵盖细节查找、情感判断和文学常识，题型常规，需准确提取原文信息并积累相关文学知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
B
(2026·烟台中考)Recently, researchers have discovered a new bacterium (细菌) that feeds on plastics. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of plastics that are ending up in the landfills and polluting oceans.
Plastic is one of the most difficult materials to break down or recycle. To solve the problem, a team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Germany found the new soil bacterium. It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes. The team discovered the bacterium could feed on polyurethane (聚氨酯), which is widely used in making different plastic products.
It was reported that polyurethane made up 3.5 million tons of Europe’s plastics last year. One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills, where they can give off dangerous chemicals.
The team found that the bacterium could produce enzymes (酶) that could eat polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down plastic wastes. The results were recently reported in a science magazine.
Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said that the finding “marks an important step in being able to reuse hard-to-recycle products”.
The research is part of a European Union program that tries to find useful bacteria. The goal is to discover living things that can help turn plastics into materials that can be broken down biologically.
Some scientists advise against introducing the man-made bacteria into the environment at present, which could be harmful. It is suggested that much more study should be carried out to learn more about it. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting the plastic-eating bacteria into the oceans,” a scientist said.
39. Where was the new plastic-eating bacterium found?
A. In an area full of plastic wastes.
B. At the bottom of the ocean.
C. In a European Union research lab.
D. Inside some plastic products.
40. Why do most polyurethane-based wastes end up in landfills?
A. Because they have many living things.
B. Because there is no way to burn them up.
C. Because recycling them needs a lot of energy.
D. Because they have too many harmful chemicals.
41. How does the bacterium work on plastics?
A. By breaking down polyurethane.
B. By putting plastics into the oceans.
C. By breaking down their enzymes.
D. By changing plastics into polyurethane.
42. What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph?
A. People are spreading the bacteria into the oceans.
B. It’s necessary to do further research on the bacterium.
C. Further research will mainly focus on ocean pollution.
D. The bacterium can’t solve the environmental problems.
(2026·烟台中考)Recently, researchers have discovered a new bacterium (细菌) that feeds on plastics. Scientists say the discovery could help reduce a flood of plastics that are ending up in the landfills and polluting oceans.
Plastic is one of the most difficult materials to break down or recycle. To solve the problem, a team from the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Germany found the new soil bacterium. It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes. The team discovered the bacterium could feed on polyurethane (聚氨酯), which is widely used in making different plastic products.
It was reported that polyurethane made up 3.5 million tons of Europe’s plastics last year. One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills, where they can give off dangerous chemicals.
The team found that the bacterium could produce enzymes (酶) that could eat polyurethane. This would make it possible to break down plastic wastes. The results were recently reported in a science magazine.
Hermann Heipieper helped write the report. He said that the finding “marks an important step in being able to reuse hard-to-recycle products”.
The research is part of a European Union program that tries to find useful bacteria. The goal is to discover living things that can help turn plastics into materials that can be broken down biologically.
Some scientists advise against introducing the man-made bacteria into the environment at present, which could be harmful. It is suggested that much more study should be carried out to learn more about it. “Such research is needed before we can take action such as putting the plastic-eating bacteria into the oceans,” a scientist said.
39. Where was the new plastic-eating bacterium found?
A. In an area full of plastic wastes.
B. At the bottom of the ocean.
C. In a European Union research lab.
D. Inside some plastic products.
40. Why do most polyurethane-based wastes end up in landfills?
A. Because they have many living things.
B. Because there is no way to burn them up.
C. Because recycling them needs a lot of energy.
D. Because they have too many harmful chemicals.
41. How does the bacterium work on plastics?
A. By breaking down polyurethane.
B. By putting plastics into the oceans.
C. By breaking down their enzymes.
D. By changing plastics into polyurethane.
42. What can we infer (推断) from the last paragraph?
A. People are spreading the bacteria into the oceans.
B. It’s necessary to do further research on the bacterium.
C. Further research will mainly focus on ocean pollution.
D. The bacterium can’t solve the environmental problems.
答案
39. A 40. C 41. A 42. B
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类英语阅读理解题，包含4道选择题，考查细节理解和推理判断能力。解题思路为：先通读题干明确问题，再带着问题定位原文对应段落，对比选项与原文信息，排除错误选项得出正确答案。
第39题：定位“新细菌发现地点”，匹配原文对应描述；
第40题：定位“聚氨酯废料被送往填埋场的原因”，梳理原文因果逻辑；
第41题：定位“细菌作用于塑料的方式”，对应原文关于细菌分解塑料的机制；
第42题：定位最后一段，基于段落内容推断合理结论。
【解析】
1. 第39题：根据原文第二段“It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes.”可知，新细菌在充满塑料废料的区域被发现，对应选项A；B（海洋底部）、C（欧盟实验室）、D（塑料内部）均与原文不符，故选A。
2. 第40题：根据原文第三段“One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills”可知，回收聚氨酯需大量能源是其被送往填埋场的原因，对应选项C；A、B原文未提及，D是填埋时的危害而非废料被填埋的原因，故选C。
3. 第41题：根据原文第四段“The team found that the bacterium could produce enzymes (酶) that could eat polyurethane.”可知，细菌通过分解聚氨酯作用于塑料，对应选项A；B、C、D均与原文描述不符，故选A。
4. 第42题：根据最后一段“It is suggested that much more study should be carried out to learn more about it.”可知，需对这种细菌做进一步研究，对应选项B；A（已将细菌放入海洋）与原文假设动作不符，C（研究重点是海洋污染）原文未提及，D（不能解决环境问题）与原文相悖，故选B。
【答案】
39.A 40.C 41.A 42.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，推理判断
【点评】
本题为贴近环保热点的科普类英语阅读理解，考查学生快速定位原文信息、分析因果逻辑及合理推断的能力，题目难度适中，只要准确对应原文细节即可顺利解答。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类英语阅读理解题，包含4道选择题，考查细节理解和推理判断能力。解题思路为：先通读题干明确问题，再带着问题定位原文对应段落，对比选项与原文信息，排除错误选项得出正确答案。
第39题：定位“新细菌发现地点”，匹配原文对应描述；
第40题：定位“聚氨酯废料被送往填埋场的原因”，梳理原文因果逻辑；
第41题：定位“细菌作用于塑料的方式”，对应原文关于细菌分解塑料的机制；
第42题：定位最后一段，基于段落内容推断合理结论。
【解析】
1. 第39题：根据原文第二段“It was found in an area with a lot of plastic wastes.”可知，新细菌在充满塑料废料的区域被发现，对应选项A；B（海洋底部）、C（欧盟实验室）、D（塑料内部）均与原文不符，故选A。
2. 第40题：根据原文第三段“One problem is that recycling polyurethane requires a lot of energy. So most polyurethane-based wastes are sent to landfills”可知，回收聚氨酯需大量能源是其被送往填埋场的原因，对应选项C；A、B原文未提及，D是填埋时的危害而非废料被填埋的原因，故选C。
3. 第41题：根据原文第四段“The team found that the bacterium could produce enzymes (酶) that could eat polyurethane.”可知，细菌通过分解聚氨酯作用于塑料，对应选项A；B、C、D均与原文描述不符，故选A。
4. 第42题：根据最后一段“It is suggested that much more study should be carried out to learn more about it.”可知，需对这种细菌做进一步研究，对应选项B；A（已将细菌放入海洋）与原文假设动作不符，C（研究重点是海洋污染）原文未提及，D（不能解决环境问题）与原文相悖，故选B。
【答案】
39.A 40.C 41.A 42.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，推理判断
【点评】
本题为贴近环保热点的科普类英语阅读理解，考查学生快速定位原文信息、分析因果逻辑及合理推断的能力，题目难度适中，只要准确对应原文细节即可顺利解答。
【难度系数】
0.7
