三 新素养 行为导向 用括号内单词的正确形式填空补全短文。
Florence Nightingale，born in 1820，was a great British nurse. Her family wanted her to live a comfortable life，but she had a different dream. At 17，she started a 1. (discuss) with her parents about becoming a nurse—a job that few women chose at that time.
In 1853，the Crimean War broke out. Soldiers in 2. (east) Europe suffered terribly from poor medical care. Florence decided to help. She went to the war hospital with 38 nurses. Though the conditions there were terrible，she didn't give up.
She worked day and night. She cleaned the hospital，improved food，and cared for soldiers on 3. (she) own. At night，she walked with a lamp to check on patients，so people called her “the Lady with the Lamp”. Her work saved 4. (million) of lives.
The 5. (follow) years，Florence kept working to improve nursing. She wrote books and set up schools to train nurses. Her ideas were 6. (use) for nursing development all over the world.
Florence lived to be 7. (near) 90. Her story is 8. (amaze). She showed that one person can make a big difference in the world.

1. discussion 2. Eastern 3. her 4. millions 5. following 6. useful 7. nearly 8. amazing

【分析】本题为用括号内单词的正确形式填空，主要考查词性转换、固定搭配及形容词/副词的用法。解题时需结合句子结构（如冠词后接名词、修饰名词用形容词等）、固定搭配规则以及语境，确定每个空所需的单词形式。
【解析】1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填名词，discuss的名词形式为discussion；2. 此处修饰名词Europe，需用形容词，east的形容词形式为Eastern（专有名词首字母大写）；3. 固定搭配on one's own表示“独自”，主语为she，故用形容词性物主代词her；4. 固定搭配millions of表示“数百万的”，需填millions；5. 此处修饰名词years，需用形容词，follow的形容词形式为following；6. 空格在be动词后作表语，需用形容词，use的形容词形式为useful；7. 此处修饰数词90，需用副词，near的副词形式为nearly；8. 此处修饰名词story，需用形容词，amaze的形容词形式为amazing（修饰事物，意为“令人惊奇的”）。
【答案】1. discussion 2. Eastern 3. her 4. millions 5. following 6. useful 7. nearly 8. amazing
【知识点】词性转换、形容词用法、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础词汇变形，涵盖常见的词性变化规则和固定搭配，是初中英语的基础题型，侧重考查学生对核心词汇的灵活运用能力。
【难度系数】0.3

四 新情境 科技成就 完形填空。
Marie Curie was born in 1867. She is a scientist and the only person to win two Nobel Prizes in two sciences.
Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland. father was a teacher. From a(n) age, Marie was a good student with good memory(记忆力). She often studied without food or sleep.
She her husband Pierre Curie at the university. He wanted to work with her. They got married(结婚) and a lot of time together in their laboratory(实验室). In 1903, they won the Nobel Prize for Physics(物理) for finding radium(镭).
Pierre died in 1906 and Marie very sad. She worked even harder won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry(化学) in 1911. In 1934, she died years of exposure(暴露) to radiation(辐射).
()1. A. great B. nice C. fine D. funny
()2. A. same B. different C. easy D. difficult
()3. A. He B. His C. She D. Her
()4. A. early B. warm C. popular D. quiet
()5. A. a B. an C. the D. /
()6. A. saw B. looked C. watched D. met
()7. A. got B. had C. spent D. took
()8. A. answered B. heard C. felt D. looked
()9. A. and B. but C. or D. so
()10. A. about B. as C. of D. from

1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍居里夫人生平成就），再结合上下文语境、固定搭配、词义辨析及语法知识逐一分析选项，确保答案符合文意与逻辑。
【解析】
1. 考查形容词词义辨析：居里夫人是伟大的科学家，great（伟大的）符合语境，选A。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析：她是唯一在两个不同科学领域获诺贝尔奖的人，different（不同的）符合，选B。
3. 考查代词：指代女性Marie的父亲，用形容词性物主代词Her，选D。
4. 考查固定搭配：from an early age（从早年起）是固定短语，选A。
5. 考查冠词：have a good memory是固定表达，good以辅音音素开头，用a，选A。
6. 考查动词词义辨析：在大学遇见丈夫Pierre，met（遇见）符合，选D。
7. 考查动词词义辨析：spend time together意为“一起度过时间”，主语为人，符合语境，选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析：Pierre去世后，Marie感到难过，felt（感到）符合，选C。
9. 考查连词：worked harder和won Nobel Prize是顺承并列动作，用and，选A。
10. 考查介词：die from意为“死于（外因如辐射）”，此处指死于辐射暴露，选D。
【答案】
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、形容词词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文以居里夫人生平为素材，结合科技成就新情境，考查基础词汇、固定搭配及语境逻辑，是初中英语完形填空典型练习题，利于巩固相关知识点。
【难度系数】
0.6