阅读理解 食物链与生态平衡
素养:思维品质 难度:中 用时:7分钟
[2025 厦门莲花中学期中] There are different kinds of plants and animals on the earth and they get their food in different ways. Food chains are just used to show who eats what in a very simple way.
Food Chains
Here are some examples of food chains.
• A garden food chain might look like this:

• Humans can also be part of a food chain. A farm food chain could look like this:

A food chain shows how plants and animals are connected with each other based on the food they eat. Food chains are different depending on the habitat. A habitat is the scientific name for a place where animals and plants live. Habitats can be very different from each other, so a garden food chain would be very different from a farm food chain.
Food chains usually start with a green plant. This is because plants can directly change sunlight into energy that they can use for themselves. These plants create or produce their own food. They use this food to grow leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds (种子).
Food Chain Disruptions(中断)
When a food chain is broken, it may result in a bad situation. An example is overfishing. Over the years, humans have been catching too many fish at a quick speed, leaving not enough to keep a healthy population. Because of this, other animals such as the turtles are endangered(濒危的). So, humans should make sure their activities don't harm the ecosystem.
1. 新考法·写作手法题 How does the text explain "food chains"?
A. By telling stories. B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples. D. By asking a question.
2. 新考法·信息还原题 What may be put in ▲ in the second food chain?
A. chickens B. trees
C. sunlight D. flowers
3. Why do food chains usually start with a green plant?
A. Because plants always need light and water to grow.
B. Because plants can use sunlight to make their own energy.
C. Because plants always have leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds.
D. Because plants grow by themselves in a garden or on a farm.
4. What can be the best title for this text?
A. The information of food chains
B. All kinds of foods for human beings
C. How to keep balance in the ecosystem
D. The reasons why the turtles are endangered

【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了食物链的相关信息。
1 C 写作手法题。根据文中的“Here are some examples of food chains”可知,作者通过举例子的方式来介绍食物链的信息。故选 C。
2 A 推理判断题。根据文中的“A food chain shows how plants and animals are connected with each other based on the food they eat”以及常识可知,虫子吃叶子,某种动物吃虫子,人类吃动物,此处应选 chickens“鸡”。故选 A。
3 B 细节理解题。根据文中的“This is because plants can directly change sunlight into energy that they can use for themselves”可知,食物链通常从绿色植物开始,是因为植物可以直接将阳光转化为能量供自己使用。故选 B。
4 A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了食物链的相关信息,A 选项“食物链的信息”为最佳标题。故选 A。
定标题的四大标准
精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。
准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点提炼要准确。
统——标题要能统领文章的细节信息。
新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。