Ⅵ. 首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
文化意识文化鉴赏 More than 3,000 years ago, during the late Shang Dynasty, ancient Chinese people c 1 a bronze vessel(青铜器) which still amazes us today. This treasure is called the Four-goat Square Zun(四羊方尊). People m 2 used it to hold wine at some important events. Among all the zuns, this one is the largest square-shaped piece at that time. Today, it is displayed in the National Museum of China in Beijing.
The zun stands 58.3 centimetres tall and w 3 about 34.5 kilograms. There are four goats on it because goats were one of the six domesticated animals(家畜) in ancient China. Moreover, the Chinese character “祥”, which includes the character “羊”, was considered gentle and l 4 .
Its discovery is just as fantastic as its design. In 1938, farmer Jiang Jingshu found it when he was planting potatoes. When the treasure came into view, everyone was s 5 at the huge and heavy vessel, especially antique dealers(古董商人). It was sold, hidden, and was almost lost during a big war. Later, in an air raid(空袭), the pot was damaged h 6 and broken into many pieces. Luckily, all the pieces were saved. In the 1950s, experts decided to restore(复原) the pot, though it was a difficult task. First, all the broken pieces were mixed together so the experts had to d 7 them into different groups carefully, then put them back together. They worked very hard for
a long time to complete the task. Thanks to their efforts, they m 8 to restore the zun to its original(最初的) beauty. The s 9 of the restoration was a happy moment for everyone. It is not just an old work of art, but also shows the g 10 of ancient Chinese art and reminds us of our wonderful history.
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【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三千多年前商代晚期,古人创造的四羊方尊这一青铜器,其设计精美、意义非凡,虽历经波折但最终得以复原,展现了古代中国艺术的伟大与历史的辉煌。
1. created 解析:根据首字母提示及“a bronze vessel which still amazes us today”可知,此处指古人创造了令人惊叹的青铜器,应用create“创造”,且根据“More than 3,000 years ago”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填created。
2. mainly 解析:根据首字母提示及“used it to hold wine at some important events”可知,此处指主要用它来盛酒,应用mainly“主要地”作状语修饰动词used。故填mainly。
3. weighs 解析:根据首字母提示及“about 34.5 kilograms”可知,此处指重约34.5公斤,应用weigh“重”,且句子时态为一般现在时,主语为单数,动词用第三人称单数形式。故填weighs。
4. lucky 解析:根据首字母提示及“the Chinese character ‘祥’, which includes the character ‘羊’, was considered gentle and ...”可知,此处指“祥”字被认为温和且幸运,应用lucky“幸运的”作表语。故填lucky。
5. surprised 解析:根据首字母提示及“When the treasure came into view, everyone was ... at the huge and heavy vessel”可知,此处指每个人都对这巨大而沉重的器皿感到惊讶,应用surprised“惊讶的”作表语。be surprised at “对……感到惊讶”。故填surprised。
6. heavily 解析:根据首字母提示及“broken into many pieces”可知,此处指罐子被严重损坏,应用heavily“严重地”作状语修饰动词damaged。故填heavily。
7. divide 解析:根据首字母提示及“them into different groups carefully”可知,此处指将碎片分成不同的组,应用divide“分开”,have to do sth“不得不做某事”,动词用原形。故填divide。
8. managed 解析:根据首字母提示及“restore the zun to its original beauty”可知,此处指成功地将尊恢复了原来的美丽,应用manage“设法做到”,且句子时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填managed。
9. success 解析:根据首字母提示及“of the restoration was a happy moment for everyone”可知,此处指复原的成功是快乐的时刻,应用success“成功”作主语。故填success。
10. greatness 解析:根据首字母提示及“It is not just an old work of art, but also shows the ... of ancient Chinese art”可知,此处指展示了古代中国艺术的伟大,应用greatness“伟大”作宾语。故填greatness。

【分析】
做首字母填空时，需先通读全文，把握短文主旨（本文介绍四羊方尊的历史、意义及复原过程）；接着逐句分析每个空格的上下文语境，结合首字母提示，判断所需单词的词性（如动词、副词、形容词、名词等），再考虑时态、固定搭配等语法规则，最终确定合适的单词。
【解析】
1. created：根据时间状语“More than 3,000 years ago”可知，句子用一般过去时，结合语境“古人创造青铜器”，故填create的过去式created。
2. mainly：此处修饰动词used，需用副词，结合语境“主要用它来盛酒”，故填副词mainly。
3. weighs：主语“The zun”是单数，句子时态为一般现在时，结合“about 34.5 kilograms”可知，此处表示“重”，故填weigh的第三人称单数形式weighs。
4. lucky：此处与形容词gentle并列作表语，结合“‘祥’字被认为温和且…”及首字母提示，故填形容词lucky。
5. surprised：be surprised at是固定搭配，意为“对……感到惊讶”，结合语境“大家对巨大的器皿感到惊讶”，故填surprised。
6. heavily：此处修饰动词damaged，需用副词，结合“broken into many pieces”可知，罐子被严重损坏，故填副词heavily。
7. divide：have to后接动词原形，divide...into是固定搭配，意为“把……分成”，结合“碎片分成不同组”，故填动词原形divide。
8. managed：句子时态为一般过去时，manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”，结合语境“成功复原四羊方尊”，故填manage的过去式managed。
9. success：此处作主语，需用名词，结合“复原的……是快乐的时刻”，故填名词success。
10. greatness：此处作shows的宾语，需用名词，结合“展示了古代中国艺术的……”，故填名词greatness。
【答案】
1.created 2.mainly 3.weighs 4.lucky 5.surprised 6.heavily 7.divide 8.managed 9.success 10.greatness
【知识点】
首字母填空解题、英语时态运用、英语词性辨析
【点评】
本题为文化类首字母填空，围绕中国国宝四羊方尊展开，既考查学生对词汇、语法的掌握，又渗透了中华优秀传统文化知识，有助于提升文化鉴赏意识，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6