登录
二、阅读理解
阅读下面的材料，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A 国际空间站的“建筑工人” 热点时文
Building a house needs workers. But who builds the International Space Station? Astronauts（宇航员）are the “workers” in space.
Living and working in space is not easy. The temperature outside the ISS can be $-180°C$ to $120°C$. Inside the space station, it can be about $21°C$. Astronauts wear spacesuits when they go outside. Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe. They also keep astronauts safe from flying rubbish in space.
When working in space, astronauts can't move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots' arms and hands to do their work. They even sleep in sleeping bags to stay in one place!
The ISS is a home and a lab for astronauts. They do many science tests there. These tests help us learn more about space.
(
A. By asking a question.
B. By giving an example.
C. By telling a story.
D. By introducing a person.
(
A. About $21°C$.
B. $-180°C$.
C. $120°C$.
D. Between $-180°C$ and $120°C$.
(
A. Because robots are stronger than astronauts.
B. Because astronauts want to save time.
C. Because astronauts can't move easily.
D. Because robots don't need to rest.
(
A. Astronauts don't need to wear spacesuits in the ISS.
B. Spacesuits can keep astronauts warm.
C. The ISS is only a lab for astronauts.
D. Astronauts sleep on beds in space.
阅读下面的材料，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A 国际空间站的“建筑工人” 热点时文
Building a house needs workers. But who builds the International Space Station? Astronauts（宇航员）are the “workers” in space.
Living and working in space is not easy. The temperature outside the ISS can be $-180°C$ to $120°C$. Inside the space station, it can be about $21°C$. Astronauts wear spacesuits when they go outside. Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe. They also keep astronauts safe from flying rubbish in space.
When working in space, astronauts can't move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots' arms and hands to do their work. They even sleep in sleeping bags to stay in one place!
The ISS is a home and a lab for astronauts. They do many science tests there. These tests help us learn more about space.
(
B
)16. How does the writer start the passage?A. By asking a question.
B. By giving an example.
C. By telling a story.
D. By introducing a person.
(
A
)17. What's the temperature inside the ISS?A. About $21°C$.
B. $-180°C$.
C. $120°C$.
D. Between $-180°C$ and $120°C$.
(
C
)18. Why do astronauts use robots' arms and hands in space?A. Because robots are stronger than astronauts.
B. Because astronauts want to save time.
C. Because astronauts can't move easily.
D. Because robots don't need to rest.
(
B
)19. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Astronauts don't need to wear spacesuits in the ISS.
B. Spacesuits can keep astronauts warm.
C. The ISS is only a lab for astronauts.
D. Astronauts sleep on beds in space.
答案
16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B
A篇
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了国际空间站的“建筑工人”——宇航员在太空的生活环境、工作方式，以及空间站的功能。
第19题:推理判断题
根据文中“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”可知，太空服能为宇航员保暖，B项表述正确;A项“宇航员在空间站不用穿太空服”表述绝对(文中仅说明外出时穿);C项“空间站只是实验室”与“ISS is a home and a lab”不符;D项“宇航员在太空睡在床上”与“sleep in sleeping bags”矛盾。故选B。
A篇
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了国际空间站的“建筑工人”——宇航员在太空的生活环境、工作方式，以及空间站的功能。
第19题:推理判断题
根据文中“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”可知，太空服能为宇航员保暖，B项表述正确;A项“宇航员在空间站不用穿太空服”表述绝对(文中仅说明外出时穿);C项“空间站只是实验室”与“ISS is a home and a lab”不符;D项“宇航员在太空睡在床上”与“sleep in sleeping bags”矛盾。故选B。
解析
【分析】
做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个小题的问题，定位原文对应内容，区分细节查找题和推理判断题，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项得出答案。比如第16题需关注文章开头的写作手法，第17、18题是细节查找，直接找原文对应数据和原因，第19题是推理判断，需逐一验证选项与原文是否一致。
【解析】
16题：题目问作者如何开头。原文第一句“Building a house needs workers.”是举了“建房子需要工人”的例子，进而引出国际空间站的“工人”是宇航员，属于举例子的写作手法，故选B。
17题：题目问国际空间站内部的温度。根据原文第二段“Inside the space station, it can be about 21°C.”可知内部温度约为21°C，故选A。
18题：题目问宇航员在太空使用机械臂的原因。根据原文第三段“When working in space, astronauts can't move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots' arms and hands to do their work.”可知是因为宇航员在太空移动不便，故选C。
19题：题目要求选出正确表述。A项：原文提到宇航员外出时穿太空服，并非在空间站内不用，错误；B项：原文明确“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”，太空服能保暖，正确；C项：原文指出国际空间站是“a home and a lab”，并非只是实验室，错误；D项：原文提到宇航员睡在睡袋里，不是床上，错误。故选B。
【答案】16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】本文为热点时文类说明文，围绕国际空间站与宇航员展开，题型以细节查找和简单推理为主，难度适中，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息、比对选项的能力，是初中英语常见的阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】0.8
做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个小题的问题，定位原文对应内容，区分细节查找题和推理判断题，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项得出答案。比如第16题需关注文章开头的写作手法，第17、18题是细节查找，直接找原文对应数据和原因，第19题是推理判断，需逐一验证选项与原文是否一致。
【解析】
16题：题目问作者如何开头。原文第一句“Building a house needs workers.”是举了“建房子需要工人”的例子，进而引出国际空间站的“工人”是宇航员，属于举例子的写作手法，故选B。
17题：题目问国际空间站内部的温度。根据原文第二段“Inside the space station, it can be about 21°C.”可知内部温度约为21°C，故选A。
18题：题目问宇航员在太空使用机械臂的原因。根据原文第三段“When working in space, astronauts can't move as easily as they do on earth. So they use robots' arms and hands to do their work.”可知是因为宇航员在太空移动不便，故选C。
19题：题目要求选出正确表述。A项：原文提到宇航员外出时穿太空服，并非在空间站内不用，错误；B项：原文明确“Spacesuits can keep them warm and safe”，太空服能保暖，正确；C项：原文指出国际空间站是“a home and a lab”，并非只是实验室，错误；D项：原文提到宇航员睡在睡袋里，不是床上，错误。故选B。
【答案】16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】本文为热点时文类说明文，围绕国际空间站与宇航员展开，题型以细节查找和简单推理为主，难度适中，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息、比对选项的能力，是初中英语常见的阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】0.8
