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Ⅵ. 首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
跨学科 生物 It's getting colder outside and you know what that means—it's time for flu season. Why do people get more colds or flu when it's chilly outside?
In a new study, scientists have found the a 1 . It turns out that the cold air itself damages the immune response(免疫反应) in our noses.
The nose is an i 2 part of our body's immune system. When a virus(病毒) goes into the nose, the nose detects it, and the cells there begin to create billions of simple copies of themselves called extracellular vesicles (EVs).
“EVs can't divide like cells, b 3 they are like little mini versions of cells that can kill the viruses,” Benjamin Bleier, the writer of the study from Harvard Medical School, told the reporter. “They are like little arms that grab on to the viruses as you breathe them in. Then, the viruses sticking to EVs will be expelled(排出) f 4 our body in the form of snot.”
However, when cold weather a 5 , the nose's “superpower” becomes less powerful. The study found that when the temperature inside the nose d 6 by $5°\mathrm{C}$, nearly 50 per cent of billions of EVs will be taken out of the fight. Cold air makes people catch viruses more e 7 because “you've lost half of your immunity,” said Bleier.
“This is w 8 we should wear masks in winter. Wearing masks can not only p 9 us from viruses, but it's also like wearing a sweater on our nose,” Bleier said. The w 10 you keep your nose, the better it works to fight against viruses.
In the future, Bleier expects to see the development of nasal medications(鼻腔用药) that build upon this new finding. Scientists may find a way to “fool the nose into thinking it has just seen a virus,” Bleier said.
1.
4.
7.
10.
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
跨学科 生物 It's getting colder outside and you know what that means—it's time for flu season. Why do people get more colds or flu when it's chilly outside?
In a new study, scientists have found the a 1 . It turns out that the cold air itself damages the immune response(免疫反应) in our noses.
The nose is an i 2 part of our body's immune system. When a virus(病毒) goes into the nose, the nose detects it, and the cells there begin to create billions of simple copies of themselves called extracellular vesicles (EVs).
“EVs can't divide like cells, b 3 they are like little mini versions of cells that can kill the viruses,” Benjamin Bleier, the writer of the study from Harvard Medical School, told the reporter. “They are like little arms that grab on to the viruses as you breathe them in. Then, the viruses sticking to EVs will be expelled(排出) f 4 our body in the form of snot.”
However, when cold weather a 5 , the nose's “superpower” becomes less powerful. The study found that when the temperature inside the nose d 6 by $5°\mathrm{C}$, nearly 50 per cent of billions of EVs will be taken out of the fight. Cold air makes people catch viruses more e 7 because “you've lost half of your immunity,” said Bleier.
“This is w 8 we should wear masks in winter. Wearing masks can not only p 9 us from viruses, but it's also like wearing a sweater on our nose,” Bleier said. The w 10 you keep your nose, the better it works to fight against viruses.
In the future, Bleier expects to see the development of nasal medications(鼻腔用药) that build upon this new finding. Scientists may find a way to “fool the nose into thinking it has just seen a virus,” Bleier said.
1.
answer
2. important
3. but
4.
from
5. arrives
6. drops
7.
easily
8. why
9. protect
10.
warmer
答案
Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了寒冷天气易感冒的原因及鼻子的免疫作用和防护方法。
1. answer 解析:根据“scientists have found”和上文提出的问题可知,首字母a开头。故填answer,表“找到答案”。
2. important 解析:根据“part of our body's, immune system”可知,首字母i开头。故填important,表“重要的部分”。
3. but 解析:根据“EVs can't divide”和“they are like little mini versions”可知,首字母b开头。故填but。
4. from 解析:根据“expelled”和“our body”可知,首字母f开头。故填from。expel from意为“从……排出”。
5. arrives 解析:根据“cold weather”和主句的一般现在时可知,首字母a开头。故填arrives,主语为不可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数。
6. drops 解析:根据“the temperature”和“by $5°C$”可知,首字母d开头。故填drops,主语为单数,谓语用第三人称单数。
7. easily 解析:根据“catch viruses more”和首字母e可知。故填easily,副词修饰动词catch,表“更容易感染病毒”。
8. why 解析:根据“we should wear masks in winter”可知,首字母w开头。故填why,表“这就是为什么冬天要戴口罩”。
9. protect 解析:根据“us from viruses”可知,首字母p开头。故填protect。protect ... from ...意为“保护……免受……”,情态动词后接动词原形。
10. warmer 解析:根据“the+比较级,the+比较级”可知,首字母w开头。故填warmer,表“鼻子保持越温暖,抗病毒效果越好”。
1. answer 解析:根据“scientists have found”和上文提出的问题可知,首字母a开头。故填answer,表“找到答案”。
2. important 解析:根据“part of our body's, immune system”可知,首字母i开头。故填important,表“重要的部分”。
3. but 解析:根据“EVs can't divide”和“they are like little mini versions”可知,首字母b开头。故填but。
4. from 解析:根据“expelled”和“our body”可知,首字母f开头。故填from。expel from意为“从……排出”。
5. arrives 解析:根据“cold weather”和主句的一般现在时可知,首字母a开头。故填arrives,主语为不可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数。
6. drops 解析:根据“the temperature”和“by $5°C$”可知,首字母d开头。故填drops,主语为单数,谓语用第三人称单数。
7. easily 解析:根据“catch viruses more”和首字母e可知。故填easily,副词修饰动词catch,表“更容易感染病毒”。
8. why 解析:根据“we should wear masks in winter”可知,首字母w开头。故填why,表“这就是为什么冬天要戴口罩”。
9. protect 解析:根据“us from viruses”可知,首字母p开头。故填protect。protect ... from ...意为“保护……免受……”,情态动词后接动词原形。
10. warmer 解析:根据“the+比较级,the+比较级”可知,首字母w开头。故填warmer,表“鼻子保持越温暖,抗病毒效果越好”。
解析
【分析】
首字母填空的解题思路为：先通读全文，把握短文主旨大意；再结合上下文语境、固定搭配、语法规则，根据首字母提示，逐一确定每个空格的单词，同时注意单词的形式变化（如动词第三人称单数、副词、比较级等），确保填入的单词符合语篇逻辑和语法要求。
【解析】
1. 根据上文提出的问题“Why do people get more colds or flu when it's chilly outside?”及“scientists have found”，可知此处指找到答案，首字母为a，故填answer。
2. 结合语境，鼻子是人体免疫系统的重要组成部分，首字母为i，故填important。
3. 前半句“EVs can't divide like cells”与后半句“they are like little mini versions of cells that can kill the viruses”为转折关系，首字母为b，故填but。
4. 固定搭配“expel from”意为“从……排出”，结合语境，病毒随鼻涕从体内排出，首字母为f，故填from。
5. 主语cold weather为不可数名词，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合语境“当寒冷天气到来时”，首字母为a，故填arrives。
6. 主语the temperature为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，结合“by 5℃”指温度下降，首字母为d，故填drops。
7. 此处修饰动词catch，需用副词，结合语境“更容易感染病毒”，首字母为e，故填easily。
8. 结合后文“we should wear masks in winter”，此处解释原因，首字母为w，故填why。
9. 固定搭配“protect...from...”意为“保护……免受……”，情态动词can后接动词原形，首字母为p，故填protect。
10. 固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”，结合语境“鼻子保持越温暖，抗病毒效果越好”，首字母为w，故填warmer。
【答案】
1. answer 2. important 3. but 4. from 5. arrives 6. drops 7. easily 8. why 9. protect 10. warmer
【知识点】
英语首字母填空、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题为跨学科（生物）的英语首字母填空，将生物常识与英语语篇考查结合，既考查词汇运用、语法规则，又渗透了学科融合的理念，注重学生的语篇理解和语境分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.5
首字母填空的解题思路为：先通读全文，把握短文主旨大意；再结合上下文语境、固定搭配、语法规则，根据首字母提示，逐一确定每个空格的单词，同时注意单词的形式变化（如动词第三人称单数、副词、比较级等），确保填入的单词符合语篇逻辑和语法要求。
【解析】
1. 根据上文提出的问题“Why do people get more colds or flu when it's chilly outside?”及“scientists have found”，可知此处指找到答案，首字母为a，故填answer。
2. 结合语境，鼻子是人体免疫系统的重要组成部分，首字母为i，故填important。
3. 前半句“EVs can't divide like cells”与后半句“they are like little mini versions of cells that can kill the viruses”为转折关系，首字母为b，故填but。
4. 固定搭配“expel from”意为“从……排出”，结合语境，病毒随鼻涕从体内排出，首字母为f，故填from。
5. 主语cold weather为不可数名词，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合语境“当寒冷天气到来时”，首字母为a，故填arrives。
6. 主语the temperature为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，结合“by 5℃”指温度下降，首字母为d，故填drops。
7. 此处修饰动词catch，需用副词，结合语境“更容易感染病毒”，首字母为e，故填easily。
8. 结合后文“we should wear masks in winter”，此处解释原因，首字母为w，故填why。
9. 固定搭配“protect...from...”意为“保护……免受……”，情态动词can后接动词原形，首字母为p，故填protect。
10. 固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”，结合语境“鼻子保持越温暖，抗病毒效果越好”，首字母为w，故填warmer。
【答案】
1. answer 2. important 3. but 4. from 5. arrives 6. drops 7. easily 8. why 9. protect 10. warmer
【知识点】
英语首字母填空、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题为跨学科（生物）的英语首字母填空，将生物常识与英语语篇考查结合，既考查词汇运用、语法规则，又渗透了学科融合的理念，注重学生的语篇理解和语境分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.5
