一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. This book (include) many interesting stories about famous scientists.
2. The heavy snow (trap) many drivers on the highway overnight.
3. I can’t stand the (noise) environment here. I need a quiet place to study.
4. The old man passed away last night. (sad), his children couldn’t be with him at that time.
5. The school encourages students (create) their own science projects.

1. includes 2. trapped 3. noisy 4. Sadly 5. to create

【分析】
本题为用所给单词适当形式填空，需结合句子时态、词性要求、固定搭配等规则变形：
1. 主语This book是第三人称单数，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，动词需变为第三人称单数形式；
2. 时间状语overnight表过去的动作，需用一般过去时，动词用过去式；
3. 此处修饰名词environment，需用形容词，将名词noise转换为形容词；
4. 此处修饰整个句子，需用副词，将形容词sad转换为副词；
5. 考查固定搭配encourage sb to do sth，动词需用不定式形式。
【解析】
1. 主语This book为第三人称单数，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故填includes；
2. 时间状语overnight（昨晚）提示用一般过去时，trap的过去式为trapped，故填trapped；
3. 此处修饰名词environment，需用形容词，noise的形容词形式为noisy，故填noisy；
4. 此处修饰整个句子，需用副词，sad的副词形式为Sadly，故填Sadly；
5. 固定搭配encourage sb to do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to create。
【答案】
1. includes 2. trapped 3. noisy 4. Sadly 5. to create
【知识点】
动词时态、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础语法（时态、词性）和固定搭配，为常见基础题型，侧重检验学生对核心基础规则的掌握，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空
set up take in get rid of be home to quite a few
1. Outdoor activities, such as running around a pond, let our lungs fresh air.
2. There are beautiful flowers in the garden and they have different colours.
3. We should some rules and work together to keep order in the classroom.
4. This ancient forest lots of rare animals and plants.
5. During Xiaonian, families clean their homes bad luck and welcome good luck.

1. take in 2. quite a few 3. set up 4. is home to 5. to get rid of

【分析】
解题思路：首先明确方框内各短语的含义：set up（建立）、take in（吸入）、get rid of（摆脱）、be home to（是……的家园）、quite a few（相当多的）。接着逐句分析句子语境，判断空缺处所需语义，再结合语法规则（如动词原形、主谓一致、不定式作目的状语等）确定短语的正确形式。
【解析】
1. 句意：户外活动让我们的肺部吸入新鲜空气。根据语义选take in；let sb/sth do sth是固定搭配，用动词原形，故填take in。
2. 句意：花园里有相当多的漂亮花。修饰可数名词复数flowers，选quite a few，直接用原形，故填quite a few。
3. 句意：我们应该建立规则维护教室秩序。根据语义选set up；should后接动词原形，故填set up。
4. 句意：这片古老森林是许多珍稀动植物的家园。根据语义选be home to；主语是第三人称单数，一般现在时，be动词用is，故填is home to。
5. 句意：小年时打扫房子是为了摆脱坏运气。表目的用不定式，选get rid of，故填to get rid of。
【答案】
1. take in 2. quite a few 3. set up 4. is home to 5. to get rid of
【知识点】
动词短语、固定搭配、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题考查常用短语的词义辨析及语境运用，需结合句子语义和语法规则调整短语形式，是基础英语题型，侧重短语的实际运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、句子翻译
1. 每天晚上睡眠不足五小时会导致健康问题。
Sleeping for less than 5 hours every night can health problems.
2. 让孩子们知晓并理解这些规则。此外，孩子们需要记住这些规则。
Let children know understand the rules. , children need to remember the rules.
3. 一个好的饮食习惯在我们日常生活中起着重要的作用。
A good eating habit in our daily life.
4. 老师建议我们随身携带笔记本，目的是写下我们所看到的。
The teacher us notebooks with us what we see.
5. 气温上升得如此之快，以至于气候系统正面临巨大的挑战。
The temperature rises quickly is facing great challenges.

1. lead to 2. and; What’s more 3. plays an important role 4. advises; to take; to write down 5. so; that the climate system

【分析】本题为英语句子填空，需根据中文句意及英文句子结构，结合所学的固定短语、句型、动词搭配等知识，逐一匹配空缺处的正确表达。
【解析】1. 中文“导致”对应固定短语lead to，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填lead to；2. 并列动词know和understand用连词and；“此外”的固定表达为What’s more，放句首首字母大写，故填and; What’s more；3. “起着重要作用”的固定搭配为play an important role，主语a good eating habit是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用plays，故填plays an important role；4. “建议某人做某事”是固定搭配advise sb to do sth，主语the teacher是第三人称单数，谓语动词用advises；“随身携带”是take notebooks；表目的用不定式to write down，故填advises; to take; to write down；5. “如此…以至于…”是固定句型so…that…，that引导结果状语从句，从句主语为the climate system，故填so; that the climate system。
【答案】1. lead to 2. and; What’s more 3. plays an important role 4. advises; to take; to write down 5. so; that the climate system
【知识点】固定短语搭配；固定句型；动词用法
【点评】本题考查英语常用基础表达，侧重对固定搭配、句型的积累，属于基础题型，难度不大。
【难度系数】0.3

四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Imagine this: You are walking in the desert and your feet are in the deep sand. When you try to walk, you find your feet are 1. heavy that you can't even move them. It is very 2. (danger) to cross the desert on your own. So how do people move around in the desert? They move around by sitting on the ship of the desert—the camel (骆驼). The camel is 3. (friend) and helpful. We'd better treat it with kindness 4. respect because it helps us a lot. The camel can move differently on the sand. When it 5. (walk), it moves both feet on one side of 6. (it) body and the other two on the other side. It seems it is moving like a boat. 7. it gets the name.
The camel has special feet which help it walk freely on the sand. Even though it 8. (usual) looks thin, it is strong enough to transport (运输) as much as of its weight. What's more, it can walk for miles without any food 9. water. When the sandstorm comes, the camel will close its nostrils (鼻孔). And its long eyelashes can protect its two eyes from the sand as well as the sun.
You see, nature is so amazing. It gives the camel so many things 10. (help) it live in the desert.

1. so 2. dangerous 3. friendly 4. and 5. walks 6. its 7. So 8. usually 9. or 10. to help

【分析】
本题为英语短文填空，需结合语境、固定搭配、语法规则（词性转换、时态、代词、连词等）逐一分析每个空格：
1. 空格后接形容词heavy和that从句，考查固定搭配so...that（如此…以至于…）；
2. 空格前是be动词is，需用形容词作表语，对应名词danger的形容词形式；
3. 空格后是并列形容词helpful，需用friend的形容词形式；
4. 空格前后是并列的名词kindness和respect，需用并列连词；
5. 主语是第三人称单数it，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；
6. 空格后是名词body，需用形容词性物主代词修饰；
7. 前文说明骆驼移动像船，后文说明得名，是因果关系，需用表结果的连词；
8. 空格后是动词looks，需用副词修饰；
9. 否定句中连接并列的名词food和water，需用表“或者”的连词；
10. 空格处修饰名词things，需用不定式作后置定语。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配so...that，结构为so+形容词+that从句，符合语境，填so；
2. 考查词性转换，be动词后接形容词作表语，danger的形容词是dangerous，填dangerous；
3. 考查词性转换，and连接并列形容词，friend的形容词是friendly，填friendly；
4. 考查连词，并列名词需用and连接，填and；
5. 考查动词时态，第三人称单数主语it的一般现在时谓语用walks，填walks；
6. 考查物主代词，修饰名词body用形容词性物主代词its，填its；
7. 考查连词，因果关系用So，填So；
8. 考查词性转换，修饰动词用副词，usual的副词是usually，填usually；
9. 考查连词，否定句中并列名词用or，填or；
10. 考查非谓语动词，不定式作后置定语修饰things，填to help。
【答案】
1. so 2. dangerous 3. friendly 4. and 5. walks 6. its 7. So 8. usually 9. or 10. to help
【知识点】
固定搭配；词性转换；语法连词
【点评】
本题为英语短文填空，考查初中英语基础语法与词汇运用，需结合语境分析，难度适中，适合巩固基础知识点。
【难度系数】
0.6