二、短文填空 热考内容 科学精神 KEY→P4
范畴:人与自我 主题:勤于动手 体裁:新闻报道 难度:★★★★ 建议用时:7分钟 评价:________/10
读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
A 14-year-old middle school student from Zhengzhou, Central China's Henan Province, built a Newtonian telescope from waste plastic pipes, parts of a drum set, and other materials, all for just 70 yuan($9.6). With his handmade telescope, he can watch the 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_ (moon) surface.The student, named Ma Junhe, dreamed of exploring the moon from a young age. After learning about telescope making during a physics practical class, he 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_ (decide) to build his own astronomical telescope.Because of being short of money, he could only afford 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_ (buy) the lenses online, while the other parts had to be made using waste materials and reused things. 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_ example, the telescope tube was made from a waste plastic pipe, and the mount came from parts of his 5. \_\_\_\_\_\_ (person) drum set.Following more than ten failed 6. \_\_\_\_\_\_ (try), he succeeded in making a Newtonian telescope, with which he could 7. \_\_\_\_\_\_ (clear) watch the moon's surface, all at a cost of just 70 yuan($9.6). Ma said that the moment he saw the craters on the moon's surface, it felt like 8. ______ (he) dream had come true, and he now wishes to visit the moon someday.
"That's unbelievable! The teacher only wanted him to see the FU Tower, 9. ______ place of interest in Zhengzhou, but Ma ended up seeing the moon's craters," Ma's classmates said admirably, according to the report.
10. ______ Ma failed more than ten times before succeeding, he kept working hard and never found the process boring. "That was because I was exploring what I love," Ma said.
素材来源:Global Times

1. moon's 考查名词所有格。根据空后 surface 可知，此处应用 moon 的名词所有格形式。
2. decided 考查时态。此处讲述过去发生的事件，应用一般过去时，故填动词过去式 decided。
3. to buy 考查非谓语动词。afford to do sth. 是固定结构，意思是“承担得起做某事”。
4. For 考查介词。for example 是固定搭配，意为“例如”。
5. personal 考查形容词。drum set 是名词短语，此处应用形容词作定语，故用 person 的形容词形式 personal。
6. tries 考查名词的数。根据 more than ten 可知，此处要用 try 的复数形式。
7. clearly 考查副词。空处作状语修饰动词 watch，故用副词 clearly。
8. his 考查代词。dream 是名词，用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填形容词性物主代词 his。
9. a 考查冠词。place 是可数名词，此处泛指“一个名胜古迹”应用不定冠词，且 place 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填 a。
10. Although/Though 考查状语从句。“他在成功之前失败了十几次”与“他始终努力并且从来没觉得这个过程枯燥”为让步关系，用 although 或 though 引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。

【分析】本题为短文填空题，需依据句子结构、语法规则及上下文语境完成填空。解题思路：先明确每个空格在句中的成分，确定所需词性；再结合时间线索、固定搭配、语法规则（如时态、名词所有格等）转换或选择单词形式；最后验证是否符合上下文连贯性。
【解析】1. 空格后为名词surface，需用名词所有格作定语，故填moon's；2. 讲述过去发生的事件，应用一般过去时，decide的过去式为decided；3. 固定搭配afford to do sth.表示“承担得起做某事”，故填to buy；4. 固定短语for example意为“例如”，句首首字母大写，故填For；5. 修饰名词短语drum set，需用形容词，person的形容词形式为personal；6. more than ten后接可数名词复数，try的复数形式为tries；7. 修饰动词watch，需用副词，clear的副词形式为clearly；8. 修饰名词dream，需用形容词性物主代词，故填his；9. 泛指一个名胜古迹，place以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；10. 前后句为让步关系，需用Although/Though引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。
【答案】1. moon's 2. decided 3. to buy 4. For 5. personal 6. tries 7. clearly 8. his 9. a 10. Although/Though
【知识点】语法运用；词汇变形；固定搭配
【点评】本题围绕“勤于动手”的主题，以新闻报道形式考查学生的语言综合运用能力，涉及多种基础语法和词汇知识，需结合语境准确判断，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

三、阅读表达
KEY→P5
范畴:人与社会 主题:人际交往 体裁:记叙文 难度:★★★ 建议用时:5分钟 评价:/3
请认真阅读下面短文,用英语回答短文后的问题。
David has always wanted to study Chinese kung fu. He heard that there was a Chinese kung fu school on a mountain. So one day, he went and found the school. When David met the headmaster, he told the headmaster he wanted to study Chinese kung fu here. The headmaster nodded and agreed.
But the school has a strange rule: all the students need to be silent. They can only say two words every three years. That means students have a long time to think about what they really want to say. They must use their two words wisely.
Three years went by and it was David's first chance to speak. There were lots of things he wanted to say. He thought for a second and said, "Bad food." But after that, the food in the school did not change at all.
Another three years passed and David got another chance to speak. He said, "Hard beds." But still, he didn't get a new bed. David felt very disappointed. So after another three years, he went to see the headmaster and said, "I quit."
"I'm not surprised," the headmaster replied. "You only ever complain."
1. What can David learn in the school on the mountain?

2. When did David say the words "Hard beds"?

3. Please write your school rules. (One example is OK.)


参考词汇
阅读理解 A genius /'dʒiːniəs/ n. 天才
阅读理解 B slave /sleɪv/ n. 奴隶
短文填空 telescope /'telɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜
mount /maʊnt/ n. 支架
astronomical /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl/ adj. 天文学的
阅读表达 quit /kwɪt/ v. 离开(工作职位、学校等)
gallery /'gæləri/ n. 画廊
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大
shore /ʃɔː(r)/ n. 岸
pipe /paɪp/ n. 管子
lens /lenz/ n. 透镜
crater /'kreɪtə(r)/ n. 坑
ever /'evə(r)/ adv. 不断地;总是
长难句解析
阅读理解 A
[原句] Mr. Turing was an English math genius who came up with many of the important ideas that led to modern-day computers. (第二段第二句)
[翻译] 图灵先生是一位英国数学天才,他提出了许多导致现代计算机出现的重要想法。
[分析] 这个句子是主从复合句。who引导定语从句,修饰 genius;在这个定语从句中还包含了 that 引导的定语从句,修饰 ideas。

本文讲述了戴维去某个山上的学校学习中国功夫的故事。
1. Chinese kung fu.
2. After six years.
3. We can't use smartphones at school.（言之有理即可）

【分析】
本题是阅读表达题，需结合短文内容解答。第1题需定位David在学校学习的内容，从原文找对应信息；第2题需梳理David两次说话的时间间隔，计算出说“Hard beds”的时间；第3题是开放性题目，需写出合理的学校规则。
【解析】
1. 根据短文第一段中“he told the headmaster he wanted to study Chinese kung fu here”可知，David要在学校学习中国功夫，故答案为Chinese kung fu。
2. 短文提到每三年有一次说话机会，David第一次三年后说“Bad food”，又过三年（总共六年）说“Hard beds”，故答案为After six years。
3. 本题为开放性题目，只要是合理的学校规则即可，例如“We can't use smartphones at school”。
【答案】
1. Chinese kung fu.
2. After six years.
3. We can't use smartphones at school.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、开放性表达题
【点评】
本题包含细节理解和开放性表达两类题目，前两题需从原文定位关键信息，难度较低；第三题考查语言运用能力，整体符合初中英语阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6