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一、根据提示写单词
1. After waiting all day, I finally got a s
2. He can e
3. Many countries are taking a
4. Short videos are so welcome that the number of the watchers i
5. If you do not get a good r
1. After waiting all day, I finally got a s
satisfying
（令人满意的）reply from the boss.2. He can e
easily
（容易地）get a high grade in the P. E. exam because he practices every day.3. Many countries are taking a
action
（行动）to explore space.4. Short videos are so welcome that the number of the watchers i
increases
（增加）fast.5. If you do not get a good r
result
（结果）, try not to get too angry.答案
1. satisfying 2. easily 3. action 4. increases
5. result
5. result
解析
【分析】这类题是根据首字母和中文提示填单词，解题思路为：先确定每个空所需单词的词性（修饰名词用形容词、修饰动词用副词等），再结合中文含义和首字母回忆对应单词，最后注意单词的形式变化（如主谓一致的动词变形）。
【解析】1. 空格修饰名词reply，需用形容词，中文“令人满意的”对应单词satisfying，首字母为s，故填satisfying；2. 空格修饰动词get，需用副词，中文“容易地”对应单词easily，首字母为e，故填easily；3. 固定搭配take action表示“采取行动”，中文“行动”对应单词action，首字母为a，故填action；4. 主语the number是单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，中文“增加”对应单词increase，变形为increases，首字母为i，故填increases；5. 中文“结果”对应单词result，首字母为r，故填result。
【答案】1. satisfying 2. easily 3. action 4. increases 5. result
【知识点】形容词用法、副词用法、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的运用，结合词性、固定搭配及语法变形，是英语学习的基础题型，需掌握核心词汇及变形规则。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 空格修饰名词reply，需用形容词，中文“令人满意的”对应单词satisfying，首字母为s，故填satisfying；2. 空格修饰动词get，需用副词，中文“容易地”对应单词easily，首字母为e，故填easily；3. 固定搭配take action表示“采取行动”，中文“行动”对应单词action，首字母为a，故填action；4. 主语the number是单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，中文“增加”对应单词increase，变形为increases，首字母为i，故填increases；5. 中文“结果”对应单词result，首字母为r，故填result。
【答案】1. satisfying 2. easily 3. action 4. increases 5. result
【知识点】形容词用法、副词用法、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的运用，结合词性、固定搭配及语法变形，是英语学习的基础题型，需掌握核心词汇及变形规则。
【难度系数】0.6
(
—Oh, how lovely your sister was, Jim!
A.on
B.of
C.at
D.from
C
)6.—Look at the picture of my sister. She weighed 3 kg birth.—Oh, how lovely your sister was, Jim!
A.on
B.of
C.at
D.from
答案
6. C
解析
【分析】这道题考查英语中介词的固定搭配用法。解题思路是：先明确表示“在出生时”的固定短语，再分析各选项介词的适用场景，选出符合固定搭配的选项。
【解析】“at birth”是英语中表示“出生时”的固定短语，属于固定搭配。A选项“on”多用于具体某一天前；B选项“of”表所属关系；D选项“from”表来源或起始，均不符合此处搭配要求，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】介词的固定搭配
【点评】本题是基础介词搭配题，牢记“at birth”这一固定短语即可快速作答，属于英语学习的基础考点。
【难度系数】0.4
【解析】“at birth”是英语中表示“出生时”的固定短语，属于固定搭配。A选项“on”多用于具体某一天前；B选项“of”表所属关系；D选项“from”表来源或起始，均不符合此处搭配要求，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】介词的固定搭配
【点评】本题是基础介词搭配题，牢记“at birth”这一固定短语即可快速作答，属于英语学习的基础考点。
【难度系数】0.4
(
A.inventions
B.decisions
C.efforts
D.programs
C
)7.If we want to be a successful person, we must make great .A.inventions
B.decisions
C.efforts
D.programs
答案
7. C
解析
【分析】本题考查名词词义辨析及固定搭配，解题思路为：先理解句子含义，再逐一分析选项词义，结合语境和固定短语判断正确答案。
【解析】句子意为“如果我们想成为一名成功的人，我们必须付出巨大的________”。A项inventions意为“发明”，make inventions表示“做发明”，不符合语境；B项decisions意为“决定”，make decisions表示“做决定”，不符合句意；C项efforts意为“努力”，固定搭配make great efforts表示“付出巨大努力”，符合语境；D项programs意为“节目；项目”，make programs不符合句意。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】词义辨析；固定搭配
【点评】本题为基础词义辨析题，考查常见名词含义及固定短语，难度较低，学生易掌握。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】句子意为“如果我们想成为一名成功的人，我们必须付出巨大的________”。A项inventions意为“发明”，make inventions表示“做发明”，不符合语境；B项decisions意为“决定”，make decisions表示“做决定”，不符合句意；C项efforts意为“努力”，固定搭配make great efforts表示“付出巨大努力”，符合语境；D项programs意为“节目；项目”，make programs不符合句意。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】词义辨析；固定搭配
【点评】本题为基础词义辨析题，考查常见名词含义及固定短语，难度较低，学生易掌握。
【难度系数】0.7
(
A.Thanks to
B.As for
C.Up to
D.Such as
A
)8. the safety course, students know it is important to calm down when facing dangers.A.Thanks to
B.As for
C.Up to
D.Such as
答案
8. A
解析
【分析】本题考查英语介词短语的词义辨析，解题时需先明确各选项短语的含义，再结合句子语境判断符合逻辑的选项。句子表达的是“多亏了安全课程，学生们才懂得面对危险时冷静的重要性”，需要选表示“多亏、由于”的短语。
【解析】逐一分析选项：A. Thanks to 意为“多亏，由于”，符合句子逻辑，即安全课程让学生明白道理；B. As for 意为“至于，关于”，不符合语境；C. Up to 意为“由……决定，多达”，与句意无关；D. Such as 意为“例如”，用于举例，不符合此处逻辑。因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】介词短语辨析
【点评】本题考查常用介词短语的词义辨析，属于基础题型，熟记短语含义并结合语境即可选出正确答案。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】逐一分析选项：A. Thanks to 意为“多亏，由于”，符合句子逻辑，即安全课程让学生明白道理；B. As for 意为“至于，关于”，不符合语境；C. Up to 意为“由……决定，多达”，与句意无关；D. Such as 意为“例如”，用于举例，不符合此处逻辑。因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】介词短语辨析
【点评】本题考查常用介词短语的词义辨析，属于基础题型，熟记短语含义并结合语境即可选出正确答案。
【难度系数】0.7
三、任务型阅读
Hippopotamuses（河马）or “hippos”, live both in the water and on land. Most photographs of these large African animals show them in
rivers and lakes. That's because they spend the daytime in the water, keeping cool in the hot African sun. Hippos sleep in the water, and baby hippos are born there.
But when the sun goes down, hippos come out of the water for food. They eat grass. During the night, they can walk as far as 10 kilometers to get enough grass. An adult hippo can eat over 50 kilograms of it in one night!
Hippos are dangerous animals, both on land and in the water. They fight with lions on land, and with the crocodiles that share their rivers and lakes. Male hippos often fight each other to see which one will dominate (控制) an area of a river. Female hippos will fight to protect their young.
Hippos can attack people. They may look like big, slow animals, but they can run fast — about 30 kilometers an hour. That's faster than a person can run. Hippos will also attack boats that come too close to them.
When we look at photographs of hippos, it's easy to think they are funny, friendly animals. But in fact, they are deadly!
9. Where are baby hippos born?（不超过5个词）
10. What does the underlined word “deadly” probably mean in English?（不超过5个词）
11. 能力训练点·语言组织与表达 What do you think of hippos? And why?（不超过15个词）
56 英语 八年级 上册 译林版
Hippopotamuses（河马）or “hippos”, live both in the water and on land. Most photographs of these large African animals show them in
rivers and lakes. That's because they spend the daytime in the water, keeping cool in the hot African sun. Hippos sleep in the water, and baby hippos are born there.
But when the sun goes down, hippos come out of the water for food. They eat grass. During the night, they can walk as far as 10 kilometers to get enough grass. An adult hippo can eat over 50 kilograms of it in one night!
Hippos are dangerous animals, both on land and in the water. They fight with lions on land, and with the crocodiles that share their rivers and lakes. Male hippos often fight each other to see which one will dominate (控制) an area of a river. Female hippos will fight to protect their young.
Hippos can attack people. They may look like big, slow animals, but they can run fast — about 30 kilometers an hour. That's faster than a person can run. Hippos will also attack boats that come too close to them.
When we look at photographs of hippos, it's easy to think they are funny, friendly animals. But in fact, they are deadly!
9. Where are baby hippos born?（不超过5个词）
In the water.
10. What does the underlined word “deadly” probably mean in English?（不超过5个词）
Dangerous.
11. 能力训练点·语言组织与表达 What do you think of hippos? And why?（不超过15个词）
Dangerous.
Because they fight with each other for different reasons.（言之有理即可）
56 英语 八年级 上册 译林版
答案
9. In the water. 10. Dangerous.
11. Dangerous. Because they fight with each other for different reasons.（言之有理即可）
11. Dangerous. Because they fight with each other for different reasons.（言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
1. 第9题是细节查找题，需定位原文中关于河马宝宝出生地点的语句，找到指代地点的内容即可；2. 第10题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境，前文明确提及河马是危险动物，由此推断划线词含义；3. 第11题是观点表达题，需结合原文中河马的危险特性，组织符合字数要求的观点。
【解析】
9. 定位原文第一段“baby hippos are born there”，“there”指代前文提到的“water”，故答案为In the water.；10. 前文说明河马是“dangerous animals”，划线词“deadly”与“dangerous”语义相近，故答案为Dangerous.；11. 结合原文河马会攻击人、与其他动物打斗等危险表现，组织符合字数的观点，如Dangerous. Because they fight with each other and attack people.
【答案】
9. In the water. 10. Dangerous. 11. Dangerous. Because they fight with each other and attack people.
【知识点】
细节理解、词义猜测、观点表达
【点评】
本题为八年级任务型阅读常规题型，考查学生提取文本信息、猜测词义及表达观点的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第9题是细节查找题，需定位原文中关于河马宝宝出生地点的语句，找到指代地点的内容即可；2. 第10题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境，前文明确提及河马是危险动物，由此推断划线词含义；3. 第11题是观点表达题，需结合原文中河马的危险特性，组织符合字数要求的观点。
【解析】
9. 定位原文第一段“baby hippos are born there”，“there”指代前文提到的“water”，故答案为In the water.；10. 前文说明河马是“dangerous animals”，划线词“deadly”与“dangerous”语义相近，故答案为Dangerous.；11. 结合原文河马会攻击人、与其他动物打斗等危险表现，组织符合字数的观点，如Dangerous. Because they fight with each other and attack people.
【答案】
9. In the water. 10. Dangerous. 11. Dangerous. Because they fight with each other and attack people.
【知识点】
细节理解、词义猜测、观点表达
【点评】
本题为八年级任务型阅读常规题型，考查学生提取文本信息、猜测词义及表达观点的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
