一、词汇运用。
将括号中所给的汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当的形式。
1. Among the eight planets, Mars may Earth. (与……相似)
2. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, of about 58 million kilometers. (在……的距离)
3. Earth life because it has water and air. (充满着)
4. The universe is billions of stars and planets. (由……构成)
5. No living things can . (在月球上生存)

1. be similar to 2. at a distance 3. is alive/filled with/full of
4. made up of 5. survive on the Moon

【分析】本题考查英语固定短语的正确运用，需结合句子的语法规则（如情态动词后接动词原形、主谓一致等），将括号内的汉语对应成正确的英语短语，并调整为合适的形式。具体思路：1. 先确定每个汉语对应的固定短语，再根据句子的语法结构（如情态动词、时态等）调整短语形式；2. 注意介词短语、动词短语的固定搭配，避免拼写错误。
【解析】1. 情态动词may后需接动词原形，“与……相似”的固定短语为be similar to，故填be similar to；2. “在……的距离”对应的固定介词短语为at a distance，符合句子语境，故填at a distance；3. 主语Earth为单数第三人称，一般现在时，“充满着”的固定短语有be full of或be filled with，故填is full of / is filled with；4. “由……构成”的固定短语为be made up of，此处已有be动词is，故填made up of；5. 情态动词can后接动词原形，“在月球上生存”译为survive on the Moon，故填survive on the Moon。
【答案】1. be similar to 2. at a distance 3. is full of / is filled with 4. made up of 5. survive on the Moon
【知识点】固定短语搭配，情态动词用法，介词短语
【点评】本题为基础词汇运用题，侧重考查初中英语核心固定短语的掌握，需学生熟练记忆常用短语的拼写及适用的语法规则，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

二、阅读理解。
根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is a big round rock and goes around Earth. The Moon is about 239,000 miles away from us. That's very far, but it's still our closest neighbor in space.
The Moon looks different every night. Sometimes it looks like a big round ball, and sometimes it looks like a thin crescent(新月). This is because the Moon doesn't have its own light. It only reflects(反射)the light from the Sun. As the Moon moves around Earth, we see its different parts lit up by the Sun. These are called the Moon's phases.
The Moon is very important to Earth. It helps to make the tides(潮汐) in the ocean. Tides are the rising and falling of the sea. The Moon's gravity pulls on the water, making it move up and down. That is why the ocean has high tides and low tides.
People have always been curious about the Moon. The first man to get to the Moon was an astronaut from the United States in 1969. He walked on the Moon's surface and took pictures. The Moon's surface is covered with dust and rocks. It has no air and no drinking water, so no plants or animals can live there.
The Moon is a very interesting place. It helps us understand more about space and our own planet. Even though we can't live on the Moon, it still plays an important role in our lives.
()1. What is the Moon?
A. A planet.
B. A star.
C. Earth's only natural satellite.
D. A rocket.
()2. Why does the Moon look different every night?
A. Because it changes its shapes.
B. Because it reflects the Sun's light as it moves around Earth.
C. Because it moves closer or farther from Earth.
D. Because it has different colors.
()3. Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word "phases" in Paragraph 2?
A. Different shapes of the Moon.
B. Different colors of the Moon.
C. Different sizes of the Moon.
D. Different temperatures of the Moon.
()4. Why does the ocean on Earth have high tides and low tides?
A. Because the Moon looks different every night.
B. Because there is an earthquake on the Moon.
C. Because the Moon makes the water move up and down.
D. Because the Moon doesn't have its own light.
()5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The Moon is very far from Earth.
B. The Moon is an interesting and important part of our solar system.
C. The Moon has no air or drinking water.
D. No astronauts visited the Moon.

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先通读全文，把握每段关于月球的核心内容；然后针对每个小题，回到原文对应段落定位关键信息：1题找月球的定义，2题找月球外观变化的原因，3题结合上下文猜测划线词词义，4题找潮汐形成的原因，5题逐一核对选项与原文表述；最后排除干扰项，选出最佳答案。
【解析】
1. 根据短文第一段第一句“The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.”，可知月球是地球唯一的天然卫星，对应选项C，故选C。
2. 根据短文第二段内容，月球本身不发光，仅反射太阳光，且绕地球转动时，我们会看到其被太阳照亮的不同部分，因此外观每晚不同，对应选项B，故选B。
3. 划线词“phases”所在句前文提到月球外观有圆球状、新月状等不同形态，后文说明这些形态被称为“phases”，因此词义为月球的不同形状，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 根据短文第三段最后两句“The Moon's gravity pulls on the water, making it move up and down. That is why the ocean has high tides and low tides.”，可知潮汐是因为月球引力使海水上下移动，对应选项C，故选C。
5. 根据短文第四段第二句“The first man to get to the Moon was an astronaut from the United States in 1969.”，可知已有宇航员登上过月球，选项D表述错误，故选D。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测）
【点评】
本文是介绍月球的科普类短文，题目以细节理解和词义猜测为主，考查学生定位原文信息、理解文意的能力，难度适中，只要认真阅读原文即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7