四、阅读理解。
主题:人与社会——人际沟通·人际交往
体裁:说明文 难易度:☆☆
Greetings are the first step to friendly communication. Knowing some cultural differences helps avoid misunderstandings when you travel abroad.
In the UK
People often greet with "Good morning" or "Hi" based on the time or familiarity. They seldom hug strangers as personal space matters a lot. A firm handshake with eye contact(接触) works in formal situations.
In Brazil
Greetings are warm and open. Friends usua图1hug or kiss on the cheeks twice. Even in business, they prefer warm greetings to cold handshakes.
In South Korea
Bowing is a traditional greeting. Younger people bow deeper to elders to show respect. Handshakes with foreigners are common now, but always with a slight(轻微的) bow.
In India
"Namaste" is the classic greeting—press palms together and bow slightly. 图2 Handshakes are okay in cities, but physical contact with strangers is avoided.
Respect is the key to any greeting. Following local customs makes communication smoother.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about greetings in Brazil? ()
A. They often bow to strangers.
B. Warm greetings are preferred in business.
C. They only hug close family members.
D. Cold handshakes are common in business.
2. What does a deeper bow mean in South Korea? ()
A. More respect.
B. Less familiarity.
C. More happiness.
D. Less formality.
3. How do Indians usually greet with "Namaste"? ()
A. By kissing on the cheeks twice.
B. By shaking hands firmly.
C. By pressing palms and bowing.
D. By patting others on the back.
4. 新考向 主旨归纳 What is the main idea of the passage? ()
A. How to shake hands in formal situations.
B. Why personal space is important in greetings.
C. Different greeting customs in different countries.
D. How to learn foreign greeting words quickly.
5. 新考向 文章出处 Where is this passage most probably taken from? ()
A. A science textbook.
B. A travel magazine.
C. A storybook.
D. A cooking guide.

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B

【分析】本题为关于不同国家问候习俗的阅读理解题，解题思路如下：1. 细节题需根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，对比选项与原文内容判断正误；2. 主旨题需梳理全文内容，结合首尾段总结核心；3. 文章出处题需根据文本主题判断合适的载体。具体到各题：第1题定位巴西问候习俗，第2题定位韩国深鞠躬的含义，第3题定位印度Namaste的方式，第4题归纳全文主旨，第5题判断文章出处。
【解析】1. 定位原文“In Brazil”段落最后一句“Even in business, they prefer warm greetings to cold handshakes.”，可知巴西在商务中偏好热情问候，对应选项B；A项是韩国的问候特点，C项原文未提及仅拥抱家人，D项与原文相反，故选B。2. 定位原文“In South Korea”段落“Younger people bow deeper to elders to show respect.”，可知深鞠躬是为了表达更多尊重，故选A。3. 定位原文“In India”段落“"Namaste" is the classic greeting—press palms together and bow slightly.”，可知Namaste的方式是合十并微微鞠躬，对应选项C。4. 全文介绍了英国、巴西、韩国、印度的问候习俗，首段点明了解文化差异避免误解，尾段总结遵循当地习俗，核心是不同国家的问候习俗，故选C。5. 文本围绕国外旅行时的问候文化差异展开，最可能出自旅行杂志，故选B。
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解主旨归纳、阅读理解文章出处
【点评】本文是介绍不同国家问候文化的说明文，难度较低，侧重考查学生提取原文信息的能力，适合多数学生完成。
【难度系数】0.8