1. As we all know, the students are not to sleep in class.

A.ordered
B.refused
C.allowed
D.prevented

1.C [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:众所周知,学生不允许在课堂上睡觉。order命令(常用"be ordered to do",表示"被命令做",与"校规禁止睡觉"的语义不符);refuse拒绝(无"be refused to do"结构,常用"refuse to do"主动形式);allow允许("be allowed to do"是固定搭配,表示"被允许做",否定式"be not allowed to do"契合"校规禁止"的语境);prevent阻止(常用"be prevented from doing",需接"from",与题干"to sleep"结构不符)。故选C。

2. —I think our government should pass a law to food waste.
—I agree. Saving is getting.

A.save
B.reuse
C.recycle
D.reduce

2.D [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:——我认为我们的政府应该通过一项法律来减少食物浪费。——我同意。节约就是收获。save拯救、节省(侧重"节省已有的",不直接搭配"food waste",意为"减少浪费产生");reuse重复使用(针对"已产生的物品",无法用于"食物浪费"的源头控制);recycle回收(针对"可回收垃圾",与"食物浪费"无关);reduce减少(直接表示"降低浪费的量",符合"立法控制食物浪费"的逻辑)。故选D。

3. Junior high school days are over and it's hard to our dear teachers and friends.

A.separate from
B.deal with
C.believe in
D.depend on

3.A [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意:初中时光结束了,很难和我们亲爱的老师、朋友分开。separate from与……分开(契合"毕业时与师生离别"的语境);deal with处理(侧重"解决问题",与"师生关系"无关);believe in相信(表示"信任",不贴合"毕业离别"的场景);depend on依靠(表示"依赖",与"难舍老师和同学"的情感不符)。故选A。
知识拓展 separate from(分离);divide into(整体分割成几个部分)。

4. The organization old clothes from all over the country and recycles them.

A.controls
B.punishes
C.collects
D.fines

4.C [解析]考查动词辨析。句意:该组织从全国各地收集旧衣服并进行回收。control控制(表示"管控",与"回收旧衣服"需先"收集"的流程不符);punish惩罚(与"回收旧衣服"的公益行为无逻辑关联);collect收集(回收旧衣服的第一步是"收集",符合"从全国获取旧衣服"的流程);fine罚款(表示"处罚",与公益回收行为相悖)。故选C。

5. We should use energy from the sun, wind and water and we hope they will never .

A.wisely;run out
B.wise;run out
C.wisely;use up
D.wise;use up

5.A [解析]考查副词的用法及动词短语辨析。句意:我们应该明智地利用太阳能、风能和水能,我们希望它们永远不会耗尽。第一空修饰动词"use",需用副词wisely,排除B、D两项;第二空后无宾语,应用不及物动词短语run out。故选A。
归纳总结 run out(不及物)(被)耗尽(主语为物);use up(及物)用光(主语为人)。

6. Everyone can do something to to the environment.

A.make a difference
B.run out
C.separate into
D.control over

6.A [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意:每个人都能做些事情来影响环境(为环境做贡献)。make a difference有影响、起作用;run out耗尽;separate into分成;control over控制。故选A。

7. We should deal with rubbish to protect the environment.

A.successful
B.badly
C.wise
D.wisely

7.D [解析]考查副词的用法及词义辨析。句意:我们应该明智地处理垃圾以保护环境。修饰动词"deal with"(处理)需用副词。wisely明智地。故选D。

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成下列句子
1.我们应该把垃圾分成不同的类别以便回收。
We should rubbish different groups for recycling.
2.这个国家成功地回收了超过50%的垃圾。
This country recycles more than 50% of its waste.
3.政府有严格的法律来控制空气污染。
The government has laws to air pollution.
4.如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾,会被罚款。
If we drop litter in public places, we will be .
5.这些自然资源总有一天会用完。
These natural will one day.

Ⅱ. 1. separate; into 2. successfully 3. strict; control
4. fined 5. resources; run out

Ⅲ.用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成短文

Green City is famous for its environmental protection. There are 1 laws about waste management. People must 2 their rubbish into different groups. The 3 amount of waste in the city is large, but over 60% of it 4 every year. If people drop litter, they will be 5 or 6. The government also 7 the use of unclean energy and encourages the use of new 8 like solar and wind energy, which will never 9. All these efforts 10 to the city's beautiful environment.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.

Ⅲ. 1. strict 2. separate 3. total 4. is recycled
5. fined/punished 6. punished/fined 7. controls
8. resources 9. run out 10. make a difference

Ⅳ.(2025·扬州邗江区期末)阅读理解
作为“文房四宝”之一的毛笔,对于中国的古代文化有着非常重要的作用。但是它的演变和发展居然和兔子有关?一起来阅读一下吧。
The brush pen, one of the "Four Treasures of the Study", was invented thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian, a general of the Kingdom of Qin, improved the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to write reports to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.
One day after hunting, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy, one rabbit's tail left a long trail on the ground when it moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, "If I tie the rabbit's hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?"
On arriving home, he tied the rabbit's hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit's hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed that he threw away his "invention" into a stone hole in the yard.
However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his "invention" fatter in a stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded at last.
Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and help them better understand Chinese culture.
1. Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen?
A. Because the king asked him to do so.
B. Because he wanted to be an inventor.
C. Because the pen brought him much trouble.
D. Because he didn't have silk to write on.
2. 中考新考法 事件排序 Which is the RIGHT order of improving the brush pen?
a. The brush pen could write well.
b. Meng tied the rabbit's hair to a stick.
c. The special water washed the oil away.
d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole.
e. Meng came up with a new idea on the way home after hunting.
A. e-b-d-c-a B. d-b-a-c-e
C. e-b-d-a-c D. d-b-c-a-e
3. How can the students understand Chinese culture better according to the passage?
A. By learning to use brush pens.
B. By inventing new things.
C. By making pens with animals' hair.
D. By planting more bamboo.
4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Learn from animals.
B. Value wonderful memories.
C. Think twice before taking action.
D. Keep trying and never give up.
5. 中考新考法 主旨归纳 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How Meng Tian led his army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu.
B. Why students need to learn to use brush pens in modern schools.
C. The differences between ancient brush pens and modern writing tools.
D. The invention and improvement process of the Chinese brush pen by Meng Tian.

[文章大意]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了蒙恬受兔尾启发,经多次尝试改进发明了毛笔,对中国文化影响重大。
1.C [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的"his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it"可知,蒙恬改进笔是因为旧笔给他带来很多麻烦。A项(因为国王要求他这么做)、B项(因为他想当发明家)、D项(因为他没有丝绸可以在上面写字)均未提及。故选C。
2.A [解析]事件排序题。第三至五段依次讲:蒙恬打猎回家路上受到启发(e)→回家将兔毛绑在棍子上(b)→因不好用扔进石洞(d)→雨水洗净兔毛上的油脂(c)→毛笔能写好字(a)。因此事件发展的顺序为e-b-d-c-a。故选A。
3.A [解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"students are taught to use the brush pens in school... help them better understand Chinese culture"可知,学生通过学习使用毛笔可以更好地理解中国文化。B选项(通过发明新事物)、C选项(通过用动物毛做毛笔)、D选项(通过种更多竹子)均不符合文章内容。故选A。
4.D [解析]推理判断题。蒙恬改进毛笔时,先失败扔弃,后不放弃并一直尝试,最终成功,体现了"坚持尝试、永不放弃"的精神。A(向动物学习)、B(珍惜美好回忆)、C(行动前深思)均非文章主旨。故选D。
5.D [解析]主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍早期"笔"的简陋,主体部分详细讲述蒙恬受兔尾启发、尝试绑兔毛制笔、失败后不放弃、最终因雨水洗净兔毛油脂而成功改进出毛笔的过程,结尾提及毛笔对中国文化的意义。因此文章主旨为"蒙恬发明与改进中国毛笔的过程"。故选D。