Passage 2(2025·泰州市靖江期末)
① Do you like blueberries? If so, the next time you're about to eat these delicious berries, take a good look at them.
② For the most part, blueberries aren't blue. If you carefully take off the skin of one blueberry, you'll see that the fruit inside is white. If you rub(摩擦) the inside of the skin on a white piece of paper, you'll see a reddish-purple colour. And if you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, the blue colour disappears and the berry looks almost black. But the moment you pick one, it does look blue. What's going on?
③ Well, there are two ways to create colours. The first is through pigments(色素). Pigments show the colour of the light they don't take in. The most common pigment in plants is chlorophyll(叶绿素), a green pigment. Plant leaves appear green because chlorophyll doesn't take in green light. It sends it out instead while taking in blue and red light. Plants prefer to take in blue light because it has more energy than any other light. In fact, there aren't any "true blue" pigments in the plant world.
④ The second way to make colour is through "structural colour(结构色)". This happens when the surface makes some colours of light look different. Have you ever seen the rainbow colours on a CD? These colours show up because of the tiny spaces between the CD's thin layers(层). These spaces only allow certain colours to reach our eyes.
⑤ Blueberries also create "structural colour" in their own way. The berries look black when they're ripe(成熟的), but the plants build a thin layer of wax(蜡) on their outside. This layer is only 0.4% of a centimetre thick, but it gives the berries their blue look. The blue colour helps the plants because birds are attracted to the rare colour. They eat the berries and spread the seeds far and wide.
⑥ Now your bowl of blueberries suddenly looks a lot more interesting. The fruit is beautiful, but its beauty is only skin deep!
()1. According to the article, after you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, it almost looks .
A. blue B. white C. black D. reddish-purple
()2. 新考法 图示理解 Which of the following pictures correctly shows why a leaf looks green to us?

()3. Blueberries appear blue in the same way that .
A. a CD appears colourful B. a tree leaf appears green
C. they appear black when ripe D. a fallen leaf appears yellow
()4. 新考法 句子回填 The sentence "Then ask yourself: Are blueberries really blue?" should be put .
A. at the end of Paragraph 1 B. at the end of Paragraph 2
C. at the end of Paragraph 3 D. at the end of Paragraph 4
()5. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A. ①/②③/④⑤⑥ B. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥
C. ①②/③④/⑤⑥ D. ①/②/③④⑤/⑥

1. C 【解析】根据第二段中“And if you gently rub he outside of a blueberry, the blue colour disappears and the tberry looks almost black.”可知，当你轻柔地摩擦蓝莓的外皮，蓝莓会呈现出黑色。
2. B 【解析】根据第三段中“Plant leaves appear green because chlorophyll doesn't take in green light. It sends it out instead while taking in blue and red light.”可知，植物吸收蓝光和红光，不吸收绿光，这使其看起来是绿色的，B项图片与之相符。
3. A 【解析】根据第四、五两段内容可知，蓝莓因为“结构色”而呈现出蓝色，这与光盘因“结构色”而看起来五颜六色的原理相同。
4. A 5. D

【分析】本题是图示理解题，考查植物叶子呈现绿色的光学原理。解题时需先从文中提取叶子显绿色的原因：植物的叶绿素会吸收蓝光和红光，反射绿光，因此叶子看起来是绿色的。再逐一分析四个图示，判断哪个符合“光源发出蓝光和红光，被叶子吸收，叶子反射绿光进入人眼”的过程。
【解析】根据文章第三段“Plant leaves appear green because chlorophyll doesn't take in green light. It sends it out instead while taking in blue and red light.”可知，叶子显绿色是因为吸收蓝光和红光，反射绿光。分析选项：A选项中叶子只反射绿光，未体现吸收蓝光和红光，错误；B选项中太阳发出蓝光和红光，被叶子吸收，叶子反射绿光到眼睛，符合原理，正确；C选项中叶子吸收绿光，与原理相反，错误；D选项中太阳反射蓝光和红光，不符合光源发出光的过程，错误。
【答案】B
【知识点】光学原理、阅读理解
【点评】本题结合生物知识与物理光学，通过图示考查对文本细节的理解，需要准确提取文中关键信息并对应图示，难度中等。
【难度系数】0.5