2026年能力素养与学力提升八年级英语上册译林版第135页答案
一、根据括号中的中文提示写出句中所缺单词或短语,使句子通顺。
1. The
topic
(话题) of saving water was discussed in today's Science class.
2. Pollution from factories can
damage
(破坏) the rivers and harm fish.
3.
Quite a few
(相当多的) birds migrate to this area every winter for warmer weather.
4. Protecting
wildlife
(野生动物) is our responsibility to maintain ecological balance.
5. The human body has a complex
system
(系统) for digesting food and absorbing nutrients.
6. What events
caused
(导致) the forest fire last summer? We must investigate carefully.

答案

1. topic 2. damage 3. Quite a few 4. wildlife 5. system 6. caused

解析

【分析】本题为根据中文提示补全英文句子的基础词汇题,解题思路:①分析每个句子的语法结构,确定所缺内容的词性(名词、动词、短语等);②结合括号内的中文释义,匹配对应的英文词汇或短语;③注意单词的形式变化(如动词时态等),确保填入后句子通顺、语法正确。
【解析】1. 空格前有定冠词the,需填名词,“话题”对应topic;2. 情态动词can后接动词原形,“破坏”对应damage;3. 修饰可数名词复数birds,“相当多的”对应固定短语Quite a few;4. “野生动物”对应不可数名词wildlife;5. 形容词complex后接名词,“系统”对应system;6. 由时间状语last summer可知用一般过去时,“导致”对应动词过去式caused。
【答案】1. topic 2. damage 3. Quite a few 4. wildlife 5. system 6. caused
【知识点】词汇拼写、动词时态、固定短语
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇及简单语法的应用,难度较低,主要检验学生对核心词汇的掌握程度,适合作为基础巩固类题目。
【难度系数】0.9
二、根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
Victoria Falls is a great
natural
(nature) wonder of the world. It is one of the
largest
(large) waterfalls in the world. It is over 1,700 metres wide and about 108 metres
high
(height).
The waterfall sits on the Zambezi River in
southern
(south) Africa. It is famous for
its
(it) spectacular(壮观的) scenery. Every second, a huge flow of water falls down the waterfall's edge. All that
moving
(move) water creates huge clouds of spray(水花). People can see the spray
kilometres
(kilometre) away from the waterfall. And the spray
creates
(create) rainbows. The rainbows are very beautiful against the blue sky and the green forest in the background.
Lots of
visitors
(visit) go to see the waterfall every year. Visitors can see it from vantage (有利地位) points. If they want to enjoy it in a
different
(difference) way, they can swim in the river right up to the waterfall's edge.
1.
natural
2.
largest
3.
high
4.
southern
5.
its

6.
moving
7.
kilometres
8.
creates
9.
visitors
10.
different

答案

1. natural 2. largest 3. high 4. southern 5. its 6. moving 7. kilometres 8. creates 9. visitors 10. different

解析

【分析】
要解决此类用所给单词正确形式填空的题目,需先分析每个空缺处的句子成分,判断所需词性,再结合语法规则(如形容词修饰名词、“one of+形容词最高级”结构、主谓一致、名词复数变化等)对括号内单词变形:
1. 空缺处修饰名词wonder,需用nature的形容词形式;
2. 空缺处对应“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,需用large的最高级;
3. 空缺处与数字、metres搭配表高度,需用height的形容词形式;
4. 空缺处修饰名词Africa,需用south的形容词形式;
5. 空缺处修饰名词scenery,需用it的形容词性物主代词;
6. 空缺处修饰名词water,需用move的现在分词作定语;
7. 空缺处表“数公里”,kilometre为可数名词,需用复数;
8. 空缺处作谓语,主语the spray为单数,一般现在时需用动词第三人称单数形式;
9. 空缺处被lots of修饰,需用visit的名词复数形式;
10. 空缺处修饰名词way,需用difference的形容词形式。
【解析】
1. 修饰名词wonder,用形容词natural,故填natural;
2. 符合“one of+形容词最高级”结构,large的最高级为largest,故填largest;
3. 与数字搭配表高度,用形容词high,故填high;
4. 修饰名词Africa,用形容词southern,故填southern;
5. 修饰名词scenery,用形容词性物主代词its,故填its;
6. 现在分词moving作定语修饰water,表“流动的”,故填moving;
7. kilometre是可数名词,此处表泛指,用复数kilometres,故填kilometres;
8. 主语the spray为单数,一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数creates,故填creates;
9. lots of后接可数名词复数,visit的名词复数为visitors,故填visitors;
10. 修饰名词way,用形容词different,故填different。
【答案】
1. natural 2. largest 3. high 4. southern 5. its 6. moving 7. kilometres 8. creates 9. visitors 10. different
【知识点】
形容词的正确形式、形容词最高级、名词复数
【点评】
本题为英语词性转换基础题,聚焦初中英语核心语法点,考查学生对句子成分与词性对应关系的理解,以及常见单词变形规则的掌握,难度适中,适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.6
(
A
)1. We have
rain this spring. The trees and grass don't grow well.

A.little
B.a little
C.a few
D.few

答案

1. A

解析

【分析】首先,明确题目中要修饰的名词是rain,rain是不可数名词,因此先排除修饰可数名词复数的C(a few)和D(few);接着根据后半句“The trees and grass don't grow well(树和草长得不好)”可知,春天雨水极少,需要表否定含义的词,little表否定“几乎没有”,a little表肯定“一点儿”,由此确定答案。
【解析】1. 确定名词可数性:rain(雨水)为不可数名词,修饰不可数名词的形容词是little/a little,修饰可数名词复数的是few/a few,因此排除C、D选项。2. 结合语境判断词义:后半句提到树木和草生长不好,说明春天雨水不足,需选表否定含义的词,little表示“几乎没有”(否定),a little表示“少量的”(肯定),故选择A选项。
【答案】A
【知识点】形容词辨析(few/little)、可数与不可数名词修饰词
【点评】本题考查易混限定词few、little、a few、a little的用法,需结合名词的可数性和句子语境的逻辑关系判断,是初中英语基础考点,需准确区分不同限定词的用法差异。
【难度系数】0.5
(
B
)2. Pandas feed
bamboo. The keepers in the research centre will also feed them
fruits.

A.with; on
B.on; with
C.on; to
D.with; with

答案

2. B

解析

【分析】本题考查动词feed的固定搭配用法,解题思路为:1. 回忆feed的核心短语:feed on意为“以……为食”,主语多为动物,描述其食物来源;feed sb. with sth.意为“用某物喂某人/动物”,强调喂养所用的材料。2. 分析句子语境:第一句主语是Pandas(熊猫),表达“以竹子为食”,需用feed on;第二句表达“饲养员用水果喂它们”,符合feed sb. with sth.的结构,据此选择对应选项。
【解析】feed的常用搭配:①feed on:表示“以……为食”,主语为动物,后接食物名词;②feed sb. with sth.:表示“用某物喂某人/某物”,后接喂养的材料。第一句中,熊猫以竹子为食,应用feed on;第二句中,饲养员用水果喂熊猫,应用feed them with fruits,因此正确选项为B。
【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语搭配;feed的用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础动词的固定搭配,属于词汇运用类基础题,需准确区分feed的不同短语用法,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.4