【写作导引】
本单元以“灾害和事故”为话题，属于“人与自然”主题范畴中“灾害防范”这一主题群。此类话题常见的写作角度涉及：①自然灾害介绍；②灾前预防；③灾中自救与互救；④反思与成长。
【写作任务】
每到夏天，总有些地方洪水肆虐。如何在洪水中保护自己呢？你们班在英语课上就这一问题进行了讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语说说自己的观点。
How to protect ourselves in the flood
Before the disaster
●often watch news about the flood
●prepare water, food and medicine
During the disaster
●move to higher places at once
●don’t try to swim
…
要求：1. 包含所有给出的提示要点，可适当发挥；2. 词数90左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。
Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about

Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to protect ourselves in the flood.
Before the flood comes, we should often watch news about the flood to get early warnings. It's also wise to prepare enough water, food and medicine ahead of time.
When the flood happens, we must move to higher places at once. Never try to swim in the flood water, it is very dangerous. Besides, we should keep away from broken power lines to avoid being hurt. If we get trapped, we can call for help in time.

【分析】
这是一篇英语话题类应用文写作，主题为“如何在洪水中保护自己”。解题思路：1. 紧扣题目要求，分灾前和灾中两个阶段展开，必须包含题目给出的所有提示要点；2. 适当补充合理的自救细节，使内容更完整；3. 衔接自然，控制词数在90左右，开头已给出，需衔接开头内容，使用简单易懂的英语句式，符合书面表达规范。
【解析】
先承接开头点明要谈洪水自救的话题；灾前部分写经常看洪水新闻获取预警，提前准备水、食物和药品；灾中部分写立刻转移到高处，不要尝试游泳，远离破损电线，被困时及时呼救；使用合适的衔接词使文章连贯，确保覆盖所有要点，符合词数要求。
【答案】
Good morning, everyone! Floods happen nearly every summer. Today I’d like to talk about how to protect ourselves in the flood.
Before the flood comes, we should often watch news about the flood to get early warnings. It's also wise to prepare enough water, food and medicine ahead of time.
When the flood happens, we must move to higher places at once. Never try to swim in the flood water, it is very dangerous. Besides, we should keep away from broken power lines to avoid being hurt. If we get trapped, we can call for help in time.
【知识点】
英语话题写作、实用话题表达、段落衔接
【点评】
该作文围绕“洪水自救”主题，分灾前、灾中两个阶段展开，覆盖所有提示要点，补充了合理的自救细节，结构清晰，语言简洁，符合词数要求，是一篇符合要求的英语应用文。
【难度系数】
0.5

跟踪演练
地震是一种自然灾害。学会在不同的地方用不同的自救方法非常重要。请结合下表内容，写一篇90词左右的短文，介绍一些自救常识。注意表达规范，书写工整。
| At home | In classrooms | Outside | In a car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| • Stay under the table. | • Stay under the desk. | Move to an open area. | • Stop by the roadside and stay inside. |
| • Cover your head and neck with your arms. | | • Stay away from... | • Do not stop near the bridge. |

写作提优练
范文:
An earthquake is a kind of natural disaster. It may lead to serious results and make lots of people lose their homes or even lives. So it is important for us to know how to keep safe in an earthquake.
If you are at home, it's safe to hide under the bed or strong tables. Cover your head and neck with your arms. If you are in a classroom, stay under the desk. After the shake stops, you can run outside as soon as possible. When you are outside, you should quickly run to an open space. Stay away from buildings or trees. When you are driving a car, stop it by the roadside at once, and stay inside. Never stop your car near a bridge.
Remember to keep calm and try to protect yourself when an earthquake starts.

【分析】本题为英语应用文写作题，要求结合表格中不同场景的地震自救措施，写一篇90词左右的短文。解题思路：1. 开篇点明地震是自然灾害，说明掌握自救方法的重要性；2. 按表格分类，依次介绍在家、教室、户外、车内的自救方法，将表格要点转化为通顺英语语句，补充合理细节（如户外远离危险物）；3. 结尾提醒地震时保持冷静、保护自己，确保内容连贯、字数达标。
【解析】首先用一句话引出主题：地震是自然灾害，掌握自救方法很重要；接着分场景阐述：在家时躲在坚固桌下，用手臂护住头颈部；在教室躲在课桌下；户外迅速移到开阔区域，远离危险物；车内立即停在路边待在车内，切勿停在桥边；最后提醒保持冷静保护自己，整合内容形成符合要求的短文。
【答案】写作提优练
范文:
An earthquake is a kind of natural disaster. It may lead to serious results and make lots of people lose their homes or even lives. So it is important for us to know how to keep safe in an earthquake.
If you are at home, it's safe to hide under the bed or strong tables. Cover your head and neck with your arms. If you are in a classroom, stay under the desk. After the shake stops, you can run outside as soon as possible. When you are outside, you should quickly run to an open space. Stay away from buildings or trees. When you are driving a car, stop it by the roadside at once, and stay inside. Never stop your car near a bridge.
Remember to keep calm and try to protect yourself when an earthquake starts.
【知识点】英语应用文写作、地震自救常识
【点评】短文结构清晰，准确涵盖表格中的自救信息，语言简洁规范，符合字数要求，兼具实用性，能帮助学生学习相关英语表达与地震自救知识。
【难度系数】0.5