情境一 中学生自制望远镜，勇于实践创新。
一、完形填空。
[2026 南阳期末改编]Ma Junhe is a middle school student in Zhengzhou. He recently made a 1. He only spent 70 yuan on it. Craters(环形山) on the Moon can 2 in his eyes with his telescope's help.
Ma Junhe's interest in the 3 encouraged him to create this telescope. After learning about the telescope in physics class, he 4 to make one by himself.
He didn't have much money so he had to be creative to find all the 5. He bought some online and used old materials for the rest.
Ma met many 6 along the way. First, he used cardboard to make a lens cone(锥筒), but it didn't work well. His teacher 7 him to use a plastic pipe(管). 8 the eyepiece(目镜) was much smaller than the pipe's opening, it was difficult to make sure it was strong. To 9 the problem, he tried many times.
Ma 10 many times. He was even very worried. Luckily, he finally 11. His telescope has a magnification(放大率) of 90 times. He can 12 see the Moon's craters through it. This magnification is quite 13. Most of the 14 telescopes usually magnify 20 to 50 times.
"Seeing the Moon's craters through my telescope made me feel excited and 15," said Ma.
1. A. rocket B. spoon
C. telescope D. postcard
2. A. finish B. appear
C. survive D. rise
3. A. biology B. medicine
C. history D. universe
4. A. decided B. regretted
C. forgot D. seemed
5. A. shapes B. materials
C. sizes D. colours
6. A. messages B. landscapes
C. objects D. challenges
7. A. warned B. allowed
C. advised D. invited
8. A. Because B. While
C. Before D. If
9. A. ask for B. focus on
C. care about D. deal with
10. A. failed B. waited
C. touched D. spread
11. A. left B. shouted
C. succeeded D. received
12. A. clearly B. heavily
C. happily D. surely
13. A. dangerous B. excellent
C. popular D. improper
14. A. ancient B. comfortable
C. firm D. common
15. A. afraid B. curious
C. proud D. awful
深度阅读·选择正确的答案
16. What can we learn from Ma Junhe?
A. It's easy to make expensive things.
B. Old materials are useless in daily life.
C. Keep trying, and you may succeed at last.
D. We should give up when meeting difficulties.
情境二 香港高中生发明AI智能垃圾桶，推动环保回收。

1. C 根据with his telescope's help可知，是制作了一台望远镜。
2. B 根据“Craters on the Moon can ... in his eyes with his telescope's help.”可知，在望远镜的帮助下，环形山能出现在眼中。
3. D 根据“Craters on the Moon can ... in his eyes with his telescope's help.”可知，是对宇宙感兴趣。
4. A 根据to make one by himself可知，是决定自己做一个。
5. B 根据“He bought some online and used old materials for the rest.”可知，是找材料。
6. D 根据“First, he used cardboard to make a lens cone, but it didn't work well.”可知，遇到了很多挑战。
7. C 根据him to use a plastic pipe可知，是建议他用塑料管。
8. A
9. D 根据the problem及语境可知，此处指处理问题。
10. A 根据“He was even very worried.”可知，是失败了很多次。
11. C
12. A 根据“His telescope has a magnification of 90 times.”可知，放大率很高，所以能清楚地看到月球上的环形山。
13. B 根据“His telescope has a magnification of 90 times.”可知，望远镜放大率很高，所以是卓越的。
14. D 根据telescopes usually magnify 20 to 50 times可知，是普通的望远镜。
15. C 通过自己做的望远镜看到月球上的环形山，他应是感到自豪。
16. C 推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，马俊鹤多次失败、不断尝试，最终成功做出高倍望远镜，说明坚持尝试终会成功。

【分析】
做完形填空需遵循“通读全文把握主旨→逐题结合语境分析→辨析词义与逻辑→验证答案”的思路：首先快速通读全文，明确文章讲述中学生马俊和自制望远镜的故事；然后逐题挖掘上下文提示（如第1题后文的telescope）、词义差异（如appear/finish）、逻辑关系（如第8题的因果）等确定选项；最后通读验证，确保内容通顺合理。
【解析】
1. C 由后文“with his telescope's help”可知，他制作的是望远镜，故选C。
2. B 结合语境，在望远镜帮助下，月球环形山能出现在眼前，appear表示“出现”，故选B。
3. D 由前文提到的月球环形山可知，他对宇宙感兴趣，故选D。
4. A 物理课上学到望远镜后，他决定自己制作，decide to do sth.是固定搭配，故选A。
5. B 后文提到“bought some online and used old materials”，说明他寻找的是材料，故选B。
6. D 后文提到用硬纸板做镜筒效果不好，说明他遇到很多挑战，故选D。
7. C 老师建议他用塑料管，advise sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，故选C。
8. A 前后句是因果关系：因为目镜比管口小，所以难固定，故选A。
9. D 结合语境，为了处理这个问题，他尝试很多次，deal with表示“处理”，故选D。
10. A 后文提到他很担心，说明他失败了很多次，故选A。
11. C 幸运的是，他最终成功了，故选C。
12. A 望远镜放大率90倍，所以能清楚看到环形山，故选A。
13. B 放大率90倍远高于普通望远镜，所以是卓越的，故选B。
14. D 普通望远镜放大率为20-50倍，故选D。
15. C 自己制作的望远镜成功看到环形山，他感到自豪，故选C。
16. C 通读全文，马俊和多次失败仍坚持，最终成功，说明坚持尝试终会成功，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.C
【知识点】
词义辨析、上下文语境理解、逻辑关系分析
【点评】
本文以中学生自制望远镜的故事为载体，贴近学生生活，既考查完形填空所需的词汇辨析、语境理解、逻辑推理等核心能力，又传递了勇于实践、坚持不懈的正能量，符合期末试题的考查方向。
【难度系数】
0.6