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三 阅读理解。（10分）
（A）亮点原创
Seeds start life. But some seeds also create new seeds! They are just like the mum and dad of the new seeds. We call them parent seeds. The parent seeds have a big job—creating hybrid seeds. The hybrid seeds are stronger and healthier. They can grow into plants that are better at fighting diseases(疾病) and give us more food. But getting parent seeds is not easy. For example, to create hybrid rice, Yuan Longping and his team found the right parent seeds from thousands of wild(野生的) rice plants. It took them over five years.
Also, parent seeds can't be used again and again. Over time, they get old and lose their power. So, scientists carefully make new copies(复制品) of them. Some of these copies are given to farmers to plant in their fields. Others are saved for the future.
That's why parent seeds are so important. Whoever has them holds the key to farming.
阅读短文，判断正（T）误（F）。（5分）
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（
（
（
（
（A）亮点原创
Seeds start life. But some seeds also create new seeds! They are just like the mum and dad of the new seeds. We call them parent seeds. The parent seeds have a big job—creating hybrid seeds. The hybrid seeds are stronger and healthier. They can grow into plants that are better at fighting diseases(疾病) and give us more food. But getting parent seeds is not easy. For example, to create hybrid rice, Yuan Longping and his team found the right parent seeds from thousands of wild(野生的) rice plants. It took them over five years.
Also, parent seeds can't be used again and again. Over time, they get old and lose their power. So, scientists carefully make new copies(复制品) of them. Some of these copies are given to farmers to plant in their fields. Others are saved for the future.
That's why parent seeds are so important. Whoever has them holds the key to farming.
阅读短文，判断正（T）误（F）。（5分）
（
F
）1. Scientists use parent seeds to make hybrid seeds so that the seeds grow faster and stronger.（
F
）2. Yuan Longping and his team found the right parent seeds very quickly.（
T
）3. Scientists copy parent seeds because they cannot be used forever.（
F
）4. All the new copies of parent seeds are given to farmers to plant.（
T
）5. If someone has the parent seeds, they have something very important for farming.答案
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
解析
【分析】做这类阅读理解判断正误题，需先通读短文把握主旨，再针对每道题的关键词回原文定位对应内容，仔细比对题干表述与原文信息是否一致，注意是否存在偷换概念、无中生有等细节陷阱，从而准确判断正误。
【解析】1. 题干意为“科学家用亲本种子培育杂交种子，目的是让种子生长更快、更强壮”，原文提到杂交种子“stronger and healthier”“better at fighting diseases and give us more food”，未提及“生长更快”，故判断为F；2. 题干意为“袁隆平团队很快找到了合适的亲本种子”，原文说明“花了超过五年时间”，并非很快，故判断为F；3. 题干意为“科学家复制亲本种子是因为它们不能永久使用”，原文提到亲本种子“不能反复使用，会变老失去能力”，所以科学家复制，故判断为T；4. 题干意为“所有亲本种子的新复制品都给农民种植”，原文提到“一些复制品给农民种植，另一些保存起来”，并非全部，故判断为F；5. 题干意为“如果有人拥有亲本种子，就拥有了对农业非常重要的东西”，原文最后一句“Whoever has them holds the key to farming”，说明亲本种子对农业至关重要，故判断为T。
【答案】1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T
【知识点】阅读理解判断正误、细节理解
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解中判断正误的题型，聚焦短文细节信息的辨析，要求学生精准定位原文内容，避免因粗心或概念混淆出错，是基础的阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 题干意为“科学家用亲本种子培育杂交种子，目的是让种子生长更快、更强壮”，原文提到杂交种子“stronger and healthier”“better at fighting diseases and give us more food”，未提及“生长更快”，故判断为F；2. 题干意为“袁隆平团队很快找到了合适的亲本种子”，原文说明“花了超过五年时间”，并非很快，故判断为F；3. 题干意为“科学家复制亲本种子是因为它们不能永久使用”，原文提到亲本种子“不能反复使用，会变老失去能力”，所以科学家复制，故判断为T；4. 题干意为“所有亲本种子的新复制品都给农民种植”，原文提到“一些复制品给农民种植，另一些保存起来”，并非全部，故判断为F；5. 题干意为“如果有人拥有亲本种子，就拥有了对农业非常重要的东西”，原文最后一句“Whoever has them holds the key to farming”，说明亲本种子对农业至关重要，故判断为T。
【答案】1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T
【知识点】阅读理解判断正误、细节理解
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解中判断正误的题型，聚焦短文细节信息的辨析，要求学生精准定位原文内容，避免因粗心或概念混淆出错，是基础的阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】0.6
(B) 新素养 技术运用
Choo choo! The world's first steam train(蒸汽机车) ran in the UK in 1825. It went 24 km an hour. Today, China's CR450 high-speed train wows the world. It runs up to 450 km an hour in tests. This makes it the world's fastest high-speed train.
How can a train run so fast? It must be "thin and strong", said Chen Can, an engineer(工程师) of the train. To help the train "lose weight", engineers use special material, such as carbon fiber(碳纤维). The material is strong and light. This cuts the train's weight by 10 percent. Also, engineers give the train's nose a cool new look. Now, CR450's nose is just like an arrow(箭). This way, the train runs through the air more easily.
Over the past 200 years, trains have become faster and faster. Will there be an even faster train one day? Anything is possible!
阅读短文,选择正确的答案。(5 分)
(
A. In the UK. B. In the US. C. In China.
(
A. About 10 times. B. About 19 times. C. About 50 times.
(
① It carries fewer passengers(乘客). ② It uses special material.
③ Its nose is thinner and longer.
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①③
(
A. the front of the train B. the centre of the train C. the back of the train
(
A. make it heavy B. use new material and give it a sharp front C. use old material to make it strong
Choo choo! The world's first steam train(蒸汽机车) ran in the UK in 1825. It went 24 km an hour. Today, China's CR450 high-speed train wows the world. It runs up to 450 km an hour in tests. This makes it the world's fastest high-speed train.
How can a train run so fast? It must be "thin and strong", said Chen Can, an engineer(工程师) of the train. To help the train "lose weight", engineers use special material, such as carbon fiber(碳纤维). The material is strong and light. This cuts the train's weight by 10 percent. Also, engineers give the train's nose a cool new look. Now, CR450's nose is just like an arrow(箭). This way, the train runs through the air more easily.
Over the past 200 years, trains have become faster and faster. Will there be an even faster train one day? Anything is possible!
阅读短文,选择正确的答案。(5 分)
(
A
)1. Where did the first steam train run in 1825?A. In the UK. B. In the US. C. In China.
(
B
)2. How many times faster(快多少倍) is CR450 than the world's first steam train in tests?A. About 10 times. B. About 19 times. C. About 50 times.
(
B
)3. 新趋势 组合选择 Why is CR450 faster than old trains?① It carries fewer passengers(乘客). ② It uses special material.
③ Its nose is thinner and longer.
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①③
(
A
)4. The train's nose refers to "the front of the train
".A. the front of the train B. the centre of the train C. the back of the train
(
B
)5. To make a faster racing bike, an engineer could use new material and give it a sharp front
according to this passage.A. make it heavy B. use new material and give it a sharp front C. use old material to make it strong
答案
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
解析
【分析】
先通读短文，明确每道题的关键词，定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项：
1. 关键词“first steam train 1825”，定位原文对应内容找答案；
2. 计算两款火车的速度倍数，匹配选项；
3. 定位原文中CR450提速的原因，排除错误选项；
4. 结合常识和原文描述判断“nose”的词义；
5. 迁移原文提速方法，匹配自行车改进的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一句“The world's first steam train(蒸汽机车) ran in the UK in 1825.”，可知1825年第一台蒸汽机车运行于英国，选A；
2. 蒸汽机车速度为24km/h，CR450测试速度为450km/h，450÷24≈18.75，约19倍，选B；
3. 原文第二段提到CR450提速的原因：使用特殊材料（②）、车头设计成箭形（对应③“运行时更顺畅”），①未提及，选B；
4. 结合常识及原文“train's nose is just like an arrow”，可知“nose”指火车前部，选A；
5. 原文提速方法为使用特殊材料、流线型前部，对应选项B，选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节查找、推理判断
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，围绕火车发展展开，考查细节定位、简单计算、词义理解及知识迁移，难度适中，需学生准确抓取原文关键信息。
【难度系数】
0.7
先通读短文，明确每道题的关键词，定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项：
1. 关键词“first steam train 1825”，定位原文对应内容找答案；
2. 计算两款火车的速度倍数，匹配选项；
3. 定位原文中CR450提速的原因，排除错误选项；
4. 结合常识和原文描述判断“nose”的词义；
5. 迁移原文提速方法，匹配自行车改进的选项。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一句“The world's first steam train(蒸汽机车) ran in the UK in 1825.”，可知1825年第一台蒸汽机车运行于英国，选A；
2. 蒸汽机车速度为24km/h，CR450测试速度为450km/h，450÷24≈18.75，约19倍，选B；
3. 原文第二段提到CR450提速的原因：使用特殊材料（②）、车头设计成箭形（对应③“运行时更顺畅”），①未提及，选B；
4. 结合常识及原文“train's nose is just like an arrow”，可知“nose”指火车前部，选A；
5. 原文提速方法为使用特殊材料、流线型前部，对应选项B，选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节查找、推理判断
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，围绕火车发展展开，考查细节定位、简单计算、词义理解及知识迁移，难度适中，需学生准确抓取原文关键信息。
【难度系数】
0.7
