A
思维品质 辩证思维 (2024·北京一模)Can you see the glass as half full, rather than half empty? Are you always looking on the bright side of life? If so, you might be an optimist.
An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen. A number of studies have shown that optimists enjoy higher levels of happiness, better sleep, lower stress and even better cardiovascular(心血管的)health and immune(免疫的)function. And now, a study connects being an optimist with a longer life.
Researchers followed the lifespan(寿命)of some 160,000 women aged 50 to 79 for 26 years. They were divided into two groups by completing a self-report measure of optimism. Women with the highest scores were considered optimists. Those with the lowest scores were considered pessimists. Then, the researchers followed up with the study. They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer. So why is it that optimists live longer?
One possible reason is that it could be related with their healthier lifestyles. For example, research from several studies has found that optimism is related with eating a healthy diet, staying physically active and being less likely to smoke cigarettes. These healthy behaviours are well known to improve heart health and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Accepting a healthy lifestyle is also important for reducing the risk of other potentially deadly diseases, such as cancer.
Another possible reason could be the way optimists manage stress. When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps. They use methods to solve the source of the stress, or look at the situation in a less stressful way. For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.
In short, the ways optimists deal with stress might help protect them somewhat against its harmful effects. Be the person who looks at the glass half full. Appreciate the little things in your life and face your problems with a smile and a take-charge attitude. Optimism is the best tool when it comes to changing your outlook on life.
1. 语言能力 分析能力 According to the passage, who is probably an optimist?
A. Tom is upset on rainy or snowy days.
B. Lucy is unwilling to ask others for support.
C. Chris keeps volunteering at the Nursing Home.
D. Mary believes she can solve the problem she meets.
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People who see half-empty glass are more hopeful.
B. A healthy lifestyle will help treat cardiovascular disease.
C. Optimism is related with being likely to smoke cigarettes.
D. Optimists may enjoy longer lifespan than the less optimistic ones.
3. The underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning of “______”.
A. share B. increase C. lose D. limit
4. 语言能力 推断能力 What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To call on people to be optimistic towards life.
B. To give suggestions on how to deal with stress.
C. To show the results of a study on healthy lifestyles.
D. To tell the effects of being optimistic among women.
5. In which part of the magazine can you probably read the passage?
A. Culture. B. Science. C. History. D. Education.
思维品质 辩证思维 (2024·北京一模)Can you see the glass as half full, rather than half empty? Are you always looking on the bright side of life? If so, you might be an optimist.
An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen. A number of studies have shown that optimists enjoy higher levels of happiness, better sleep, lower stress and even better cardiovascular(心血管的)health and immune(免疫的)function. And now, a study connects being an optimist with a longer life.
Researchers followed the lifespan(寿命)of some 160,000 women aged 50 to 79 for 26 years. They were divided into two groups by completing a self-report measure of optimism. Women with the highest scores were considered optimists. Those with the lowest scores were considered pessimists. Then, the researchers followed up with the study. They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer. So why is it that optimists live longer?
One possible reason is that it could be related with their healthier lifestyles. For example, research from several studies has found that optimism is related with eating a healthy diet, staying physically active and being less likely to smoke cigarettes. These healthy behaviours are well known to improve heart health and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Accepting a healthy lifestyle is also important for reducing the risk of other potentially deadly diseases, such as cancer.
Another possible reason could be the way optimists manage stress. When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps. They use methods to solve the source of the stress, or look at the situation in a less stressful way. For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.
In short, the ways optimists deal with stress might help protect them somewhat against its harmful effects. Be the person who looks at the glass half full. Appreciate the little things in your life and face your problems with a smile and a take-charge attitude. Optimism is the best tool when it comes to changing your outlook on life.
1. 语言能力 分析能力 According to the passage, who is probably an optimist?
A. Tom is upset on rainy or snowy days.
B. Lucy is unwilling to ask others for support.
C. Chris keeps volunteering at the Nursing Home.
D. Mary believes she can solve the problem she meets.
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People who see half-empty glass are more hopeful.
B. A healthy lifestyle will help treat cardiovascular disease.
C. Optimism is related with being likely to smoke cigarettes.
D. Optimists may enjoy longer lifespan than the less optimistic ones.
3. The underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning of “______”.
A. share B. increase C. lose D. limit
4. 语言能力 推断能力 What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To call on people to be optimistic towards life.
B. To give suggestions on how to deal with stress.
C. To show the results of a study on healthy lifestyles.
D. To tell the effects of being optimistic among women.
5. In which part of the magazine can you probably read the passage?
A. Culture. B. Science. C. History. D. Education.
答案
1~5 DDBAB
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因，并呼吁人们成为乐观主义者。
1. D 推理判断题。根据“An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen.”和“For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.”可知，乐观主义者是指对未来充满希望，并倾向于期望好事会发生的人。乐观主义者会计划处理这件事的方法，呼吁他人支持，或者试图在紧张的情况下找到希望，可推测 D 选项“玛丽相信她能解决她遇到的问题。”与文章对乐观主义者的解释相符。故选 D。
2. D 细节理解题。根据“They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer.”可知，乐观的人寿命更长。故选 D。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据“When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps.”可知，当面临压力时，乐观主义者会降低压力水平，并增加采取措施的能力，可推测 boost 表示“使增长”，increase 表示“增加，使增长”，与其意思相符。故选 B。
4. A 写作意图题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因。根据最后一段“Be the person who looks at the glass half full. Appreciate the little things in your life and face your problems with a smile and a take-charge attitude.”可知，作者呼吁人们保持乐观，因此推测作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人们对生活保持乐观。故选 A。
5. B 文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本篇文章通过一些科学研究介绍了乐观主义者及乐观主义者更长寿的原因，可能出现在杂志的科学版块。故选 B。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因，并呼吁人们成为乐观主义者。
1. D 推理判断题。根据“An optimist is someone who is hopeful about the future and tends to expect that good things will happen.”和“For example, optimists will plan ways to deal with the matter, call on others for support or try to find hope in the stressful situation.”可知，乐观主义者是指对未来充满希望，并倾向于期望好事会发生的人。乐观主义者会计划处理这件事的方法，呼吁他人支持，或者试图在紧张的情况下找到希望，可推测 D 选项“玛丽相信她能解决她遇到的问题。”与文章对乐观主义者的解释相符。故选 D。
2. D 细节理解题。根据“They found that those who had the highest levels of optimism were more likely to live longer.”可知，乐观的人寿命更长。故选 D。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据“When faced with a stressful situation, optimists will reduce stress levels and boost the power to take steps.”可知，当面临压力时，乐观主义者会降低压力水平，并增加采取措施的能力，可推测 boost 表示“使增长”，increase 表示“增加，使增长”，与其意思相符。故选 B。
4. A 写作意图题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了乐观主义者以及乐观主义者长寿的原因。根据最后一段“Be the person who looks at the glass half full. Appreciate the little things in your life and face your problems with a smile and a take-charge attitude.”可知，作者呼吁人们保持乐观，因此推测作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人们对生活保持乐观。故选 A。
5. B 文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本篇文章通过一些科学研究介绍了乐观主义者及乐观主义者更长寿的原因，可能出现在杂志的科学版块。故选 B。
