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五、阅读理解
The capybara (水豚) is popular among zoo visitors and animal experts. Here are some fun facts about these lovely animals.
They are big.
As one of the world's largest plant-eating animals, grown-up capybaras weigh around 50 kg, which are as heavy as some humans! They are usually about 1.2 m in length and are up to 60 cm tall. Although they are fat and big, they are fast runners that can run at a speed of up to 35 km an hour.
They love water.
Capybaras spend a lot of time in the water. They can move quickly through the water and stay underwater for up to five minutes at a time to avoid enemies. Capybaras have even been known to sleep in the water to prevent getting burned from the sun.
▲
Capybaras usually live in groups of between 10 and 20. What's more, capybaras enjoy making friends with other animals. It's common to see monkeys, rabbits, birds and even other capybaras resting on a capybara's back while it is eating.
They have an unusual diet.
Capybaras mainly eat tough grasses and they eat their own waste as well. They do this because the grasses they eat are difficult to digest (消化). The waste can help capybaras break down hard-to-digest food.
They were considered fish in ancient times.
In the 16th century, capybaras were classified (分类) as fish by some people on purpose. That was because Catholics (天主教教徒) were not allowed to eat red meat like beef and mutton (羊肉) during Lent, so they ate capybaras instead.
It's clear that whether it's on social media or at your local zoo, these lovely friends are sure to put a smile on your face.
(
A. They are the world's largest animals.
B. They are the fastest runners among animals.
C. Young capybaras can be more than 60 cm tall.
D. Grown-up capybaras can be as heavy as some humans.
(
A. They are very lazy animals. B. They are very clever animals.
C. They're highly social animals. D. They're highly trained animals.
(
A. fresh B. hard C. green D. soft
(
A. The Habit-introduction About Capybaras
B. The Reason Why People Love Capybaras
C. The Special Capybaras Never to Be Seen
D. The Interesting Facts About Capybaras
The capybara (水豚) is popular among zoo visitors and animal experts. Here are some fun facts about these lovely animals.
They are big.
As one of the world's largest plant-eating animals, grown-up capybaras weigh around 50 kg, which are as heavy as some humans! They are usually about 1.2 m in length and are up to 60 cm tall. Although they are fat and big, they are fast runners that can run at a speed of up to 35 km an hour.
They love water.
Capybaras spend a lot of time in the water. They can move quickly through the water and stay underwater for up to five minutes at a time to avoid enemies. Capybaras have even been known to sleep in the water to prevent getting burned from the sun.
▲
Capybaras usually live in groups of between 10 and 20. What's more, capybaras enjoy making friends with other animals. It's common to see monkeys, rabbits, birds and even other capybaras resting on a capybara's back while it is eating.
They have an unusual diet.
Capybaras mainly eat tough grasses and they eat their own waste as well. They do this because the grasses they eat are difficult to digest (消化). The waste can help capybaras break down hard-to-digest food.
They were considered fish in ancient times.
In the 16th century, capybaras were classified (分类) as fish by some people on purpose. That was because Catholics (天主教教徒) were not allowed to eat red meat like beef and mutton (羊肉) during Lent, so they ate capybaras instead.
It's clear that whether it's on social media or at your local zoo, these lovely friends are sure to put a smile on your face.
(
D
)1. What can we know about capybaras?A. They are the world's largest animals.
B. They are the fastest runners among animals.
C. Young capybaras can be more than 60 cm tall.
D. Grown-up capybaras can be as heavy as some humans.
(
C
)2. Which of the following can be put in " ▲ ".A. They are very lazy animals. B. They are very clever animals.
C. They're highly social animals. D. They're highly trained animals.
(
B
)3. The underlined word "tough" in the passage probably means "hard
".A. fresh B. hard C. green D. soft
(
D
)4. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Habit-introduction About Capybaras
B. The Reason Why People Love Capybaras
C. The Special Capybaras Never to Be Seen
D. The Interesting Facts About Capybaras
答案
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：首先定位到文章介绍水豚体型的段落，原文明确提到成年水豚体重约50公斤，和一些人类一样重。逐一核对选项：A选项说它们是世界最大动物，原文是“世界上最大的食草动物之一”，表述错误；B选项说它们是动物里最快的跑者，原文仅说它们跑得快，未提及是最快，错误；C选项说幼年水豚能超过60厘米高，原文是成年水豚最高可达60厘米，错误；D选项符合原文描述，正确。
2. 第2题：观察空格后的段落内容，该段讲述水豚通常群居，还喜欢和其他动物交朋友，这些都体现出它们的社交属性。分析选项：A“懒惰”、B“聪明”、D“受过训练”均不符合段落内容，C“高度社会化的动物”能准确概括该段主旨，适合填入空格。
3. 第3题：根据上下文推测词义，后文提到水豚吃的草难以消化，甚至需要吃自己的粪便来帮助分解难消化的食物，由此可推断“tough”在这里表示草质地坚硬、难咀嚼，对应选项中的“hard”。
4. 第4题：文章开头就点明“Here are some fun facts about these lovely animals”，随后分别从体型、爱水、社交性、饮食、古代分类等方面介绍水豚的趣味事实，结尾也呼应了这些可爱动物的特点。因此标题需要涵盖文章核心——水豚的有趣事实，D选项符合。
【解析】
1. 第1题：
根据文章“They are big.”部分中“grown-up capybaras weigh around 50 kg, which are as heavy as some humans!”可知，成年水豚和一些人类体重相当，对应选项D。A选项“世界最大动物”与原文“one of the world's largest plant-eating animals”不符；B选项“最快跑者”原文未提及；C选项“幼年水豚超过60cm高”与原文“grown-up capybaras...are up to 60 cm tall”不符，故选D。
2. 第2题：
空格后段落提到水豚群居，还与其他动物友好相处，这些都是社会化的表现。选项C“They're highly social animals.”（它们是高度社会化的动物）能准确概括该段内容，A“懒惰”、B“聪明”、D“受过训练”均不符合段落主旨，故选C。
3. 第3题：
由后文“the grasses they eat are difficult to digest (消化). The waste can help capybaras break down hard-to-digest food.”可知，水豚吃的草难以消化，需要粪便帮助分解，说明草质地坚硬，“tough”在此处意为“坚硬的”，与“hard”意思相近，故选B。
4. 第4题：
文章围绕水豚的多个趣味事实展开介绍，开头“Here are some fun facts about these lovely animals”点明主题，各段落分别介绍水豚的体型、习性、社交、饮食等有趣特点，D选项“The Interesting Facts About Capybaras”（关于水豚的有趣事实）最能概括全文主旨，A仅讲习性，B讲人们喜欢的原因，C“从未见过的特殊水豚”均不符合文章内容，故选D。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 词义上下文推测
3. 文章主旨归纳
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍水豚趣味知识的说明文，题目覆盖了阅读理解常见的细节理解、主旨概括、词义推测题型，考查学生提取文章信息、归纳段落主旨以及利用上下文推理词义的能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，通过定位关键段落和语句逐一分析选项，确保答案准确。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：首先定位到文章介绍水豚体型的段落，原文明确提到成年水豚体重约50公斤，和一些人类一样重。逐一核对选项：A选项说它们是世界最大动物，原文是“世界上最大的食草动物之一”，表述错误；B选项说它们是动物里最快的跑者，原文仅说它们跑得快，未提及是最快，错误；C选项说幼年水豚能超过60厘米高，原文是成年水豚最高可达60厘米，错误；D选项符合原文描述，正确。
2. 第2题：观察空格后的段落内容，该段讲述水豚通常群居，还喜欢和其他动物交朋友，这些都体现出它们的社交属性。分析选项：A“懒惰”、B“聪明”、D“受过训练”均不符合段落内容，C“高度社会化的动物”能准确概括该段主旨，适合填入空格。
3. 第3题：根据上下文推测词义，后文提到水豚吃的草难以消化，甚至需要吃自己的粪便来帮助分解难消化的食物，由此可推断“tough”在这里表示草质地坚硬、难咀嚼，对应选项中的“hard”。
4. 第4题：文章开头就点明“Here are some fun facts about these lovely animals”，随后分别从体型、爱水、社交性、饮食、古代分类等方面介绍水豚的趣味事实，结尾也呼应了这些可爱动物的特点。因此标题需要涵盖文章核心——水豚的有趣事实，D选项符合。
【解析】
1. 第1题：
根据文章“They are big.”部分中“grown-up capybaras weigh around 50 kg, which are as heavy as some humans!”可知，成年水豚和一些人类体重相当，对应选项D。A选项“世界最大动物”与原文“one of the world's largest plant-eating animals”不符；B选项“最快跑者”原文未提及；C选项“幼年水豚超过60cm高”与原文“grown-up capybaras...are up to 60 cm tall”不符，故选D。
2. 第2题：
空格后段落提到水豚群居，还与其他动物友好相处，这些都是社会化的表现。选项C“They're highly social animals.”（它们是高度社会化的动物）能准确概括该段内容，A“懒惰”、B“聪明”、D“受过训练”均不符合段落主旨，故选C。
3. 第3题：
由后文“the grasses they eat are difficult to digest (消化). The waste can help capybaras break down hard-to-digest food.”可知，水豚吃的草难以消化，需要粪便帮助分解，说明草质地坚硬，“tough”在此处意为“坚硬的”，与“hard”意思相近，故选B。
4. 第4题：
文章围绕水豚的多个趣味事实展开介绍，开头“Here are some fun facts about these lovely animals”点明主题，各段落分别介绍水豚的体型、习性、社交、饮食等有趣特点，D选项“The Interesting Facts About Capybaras”（关于水豚的有趣事实）最能概括全文主旨，A仅讲习性，B讲人们喜欢的原因，C“从未见过的特殊水豚”均不符合文章内容，故选D。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 词义上下文推测
3. 文章主旨归纳
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍水豚趣味知识的说明文，题目覆盖了阅读理解常见的细节理解、主旨概括、词义推测题型，考查学生提取文章信息、归纳段落主旨以及利用上下文推理词义的能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，通过定位关键段落和语句逐一分析选项，确保答案准确。
【难度系数】
0.6
