B
“Put on your winter coat! You’ll catch a cold!” I don’t know how many times my mom said this to me when I was a kid. I’d often go outside, even during the cold winter months, wearing just a light jacket.
Of course, the idea that cold weather can make you sick is only partly true. After all, the things that really make you sick are bacteria(细菌) and viruses(病毒). But I have noticed that in China, people always make sure to wear lots of clothes when it’s cold outside.
In the time that I’ve been here, I’ve been asked by strangers, especially elderly people, about why I’m not wearing more clothing. They think I’m wearing too little during the winter.
I guess this might have something to do with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) beliefs(信仰). There is a TCM term called yuanqi(元气), which refers to the basic energy that helps one’s body work and stay healthy. Anything that unnecessarily consumes(消耗) this energy is unsuitable. If you don’t wear enough clothing when it’s cold out, your body will have to spend extra energy to keep you warm. Chinese people wear lots of clothing to stay warm and save energy.
But I still don’t like to wear too much clothing, even when it’s cold. I get hot very easily—I even sweat during the winter months if my coat is too warm. I haven’t gotten sick because of this yet, so I don’t think I have too much to worry about.
()45. What can we learn about the author’s childhood from Paragraph 1?
A. He often suffered from colds.
B. He wore just a light jacket in winter.
C. He stayed at home during the winter.
D. He never forgot to wear his winter coat.
()46. According to the author, what is common during the winter in China?
A. People wear a lot of clothes.
B. Restaurants will not serve beer.
C. Elderly people rarely go outside.
D. People don’t exercise very much.
()47. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. How our body stays healthy.
B. What effects TCM has on sick people.
C. What Chinese people do to stay warm.
D. Why Chinese people wear a lot in winter.
()48. What is the author’s opinion about wearing heavy clothes during winter?
A. He starts to worry about his health.
B. He changes his mind after getting a cold.
C. He doesn’t agree and still sticks to his way.
D. He thinks wearing little is comfortable for him.
()49. What is the theme of the passage?
A. The author’s life lessons.
B. The author’s changes in China.
C. Cultural differences in winter clothing.
D. Misunderstandings of Chinese culture.

45. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“I'd often go outside, even during the cold winter months, wearing just a light jacket.”可知他在冬天只穿一件薄夹克。故选B。
46. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“But I have noticed that…when it's cold outside”可知，在中国冬天常见的事情是人们穿很多衣服。故选A。
47. D 【解析】段落大意题。根据“I guess this might have something to do with…Chinese people wear lots of clothing to stay warm and save energy.”可知，本段主要讲述了中国人冬天穿很多衣服的原因。故选D。
48. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知作者认为穿得少对他来说是舒适的。故选D。
49. C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Of course, the idea that cold weather can…make you sick are bacteria and viruses.”及“But I have noticed that in China, people always make sure to wear lots of clothes when it's cold outside.”及全文内容可知，本篇文章的主题是冬季服装的文化差异。故选C。

【分析】
这是一篇英语阅读理解题，需根据文章内容解答5道题目，涉及细节理解、段落大意、推理判断、主旨大意类题型。解题思路：1. 细节理解题需定位原文对应关键句，匹配选项；2. 段落大意题要分析段落核心内容，提炼主旨；3. 推理判断题结合作者表述推断其观点；4. 主旨大意题梳理全文核心话题确定主题。
【解析】
45. 细节理解题：根据第一段“I'd often go outside, even during the cold winter months, wearing just a light jacket.”可知作者童年冬天只穿薄夹克，对应选项B，故选B。
46. 细节理解题：根据第二段“But I have noticed that in China, people always make sure to wear lots of clothes when it's cold outside.”可知中国冬天人们穿很多衣服，对应选项A，故选A。
47. 段落大意题：第四段围绕“TCM的元气信仰解释中国人冬天穿多的原因”展开，核心是说明中国人冬天穿很多衣服的原因，对应选项D，故选D。
48. 推理判断题：最后一段提到作者不喜欢穿太多，容易热，即使冬天穿厚外套也会出汗，没生病，说明作者认为穿少对自己舒适，对应选项D，故选D。
49. 主旨大意题：文章对比了作者（西方）和中国人冬季穿衣的不同，结合TCM信仰解释差异，核心是冬季服装的文化差异，对应选项C，故选C。
【答案】
45. B 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解；细节理解；主旨大意
【点评】
本文围绕中西方冬季穿衣的文化差异展开，贴近生活，语言浅显易懂。题目涵盖不同阅读题型，重点考察学生定位细节、提炼主旨、推断观点的能力，是典型的英语阅读理解基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

C
People in Western countries are eating less meat these days, whether for their health or because they want to protect animals. But now they have another reason. Eating less meat can help to prevent climate change, according to a recent study published in Nature.
Raising livestock(家畜) is bad for the environment. When animals like cows digest food, their stomachs make greenhouse gases, which are a major cause of global warming. About 17 percent of greenhouse gas emissions(排放) come from livestock farming, The New York Times reported.
In addition, to raise these livestock, people have to cut down forests and turn them into farms. Forests play a key role in fighting global warming because they absorb(吸收) greenhouse gases.
Eating less meat according to certain guidelines could cut global food-related emissions by nearly a third by
2050, the study found. Maintaining(保持) a vegetarian diet in the long term could bring down emissions by 63 percent.
But eating less meat won't be easy. According to the study, people in Western countries will need to eat 90 percent less meat than they do now in order to have an impact(影响) on our climate. Scientists are now trying to find new foods to replace meat.
Some say that insects(昆虫) could help. A 2013 UN report said that eating insects is healthier and better for the environment. They produce 75 percent fewer greenhouse gases than livestock. Lab-grown meat might be another solution.
()50. Which of the following is not a reason why Western people eat less meat?
A. To stay healthy.
B. To reduce waste.
C. To protect animals.
D. To protect the environment.
()51. What does the underlined word "digest" in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A. 消化
B. 生产
C. 分泌
D. 提炼
()52. What does Paragraph 3 explain?
A. Animals are an important part of the ecosystem.
B. Cooking meat produces more greenhouse gases.
C. Raising livestock leads to the reduction of forests.
D. Less livestock means more greenhouse gas emissions.
()53. How much less meat should Western people eat to influence the climate?
A. 17 percent.
B. 63 percent.
C. 75 percent.
D. 90 percent.
()54. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Misunderstanding Livestock
B. Eating Insects—a Healthy Diet
C. Less Meat, Better Environment
D. A Better Use for Greenhouse Gas

50. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“whether for their health or because they want to protect animals”和“Eating less meat…prevent climate change”可知，西方人少吃肉的原因是保持健康、保护动物、保护环境，所以不包括B项。故选B。
51. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据“their stomachs make greenhouse gases, which are a major cause of global warming”可知，是当像牛这样的动物消化食物时会产生温室气体，因此digest意为“消化”。故选A。
52. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据“In addition, to raise these livestock, people have to cut down forests and turn them into farms. Forests play a key role in fighting global warming because they absorb greenhouse gases.”可知，第三段解释了饲养家畜会导致森林减少。故选C。
53. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“According to the study, people in…order to have an impact on our climate”可知西方人应该少吃90%的肉才能影响气候。故选D。
54. C 【解析】标题归纳题。根据“People in Western countries are eating less meat these days”及最后一段“Lab-grown meat might be another solution”并通读全文可知文章讲述了少吃肉对环境好的影响。因此C项最适合作为文章标题。故选C。

【分析】
1. 第50题：属于细节理解题，需定位原文中西方人少吃肉的原因，逐一排除选项，找到未提及的原因。
2. 第51题：属于词义猜测题，需结合划线词所在句的上下文语境，推断单词含义。
3. 第52题：属于段落大意题，需梳理第三段的核心内容，匹配对应选项。
4. 第53题：属于细节理解题，需定位原文中关于西方人少吃肉比例的具体数字，直接匹配选项。
5. 第54题：属于标题归纳题，需通读全文，提炼文章主旨，选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
50. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“whether for their health or because they want to protect animals”及“Eating less meat can help to prevent climate change”可知，西方人少吃肉的原因包括保持健康、保护动物、保护环境，未提及“减少浪费”，故选B。
51. 词义猜测题。划线词所在句意为“当像牛这样的动物______食物时，它们的胃会产生温室气体”，结合语境可知此处指动物消化食物，故“digest”意为“消化”，选A。
52. 段落大意题。第三段核心内容为“为饲养家畜，人们需砍伐森林改为农场，而森林能吸收温室气体对抗全球变暖”，即饲养家畜会导致森林减少，对应选项C，故选C。
53. 细节理解题。根据原文第五段“people in Western countries will need to eat 90 percent less meat than they do now in order to have an impact on our climate”可知，西方人需少吃90%的肉才能影响气候，故选D。
54. 标题归纳题。全文围绕“西方人少吃肉有助于保护环境”展开，选项C“Less Meat, Better Environment”最贴合主旨，故选C。
【答案】50.B 51.A 52.C 53.D 54.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解题，考查学生对文章细节、词义、段落主旨及标题的理解能力，题型常规，需学生精准定位原文信息，结合语境分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6