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五、阅读理解
Taihu Tunnel (隧道), 10.79 kilometres long and 43.6 metres wide, has been the longest underwater tunnel in China. It stands out as one of the "2022 China's Top 100 Buildings in the New Era".
When building Taihu Tunnel, the project team faced many challenges, such as high safety risks and time limit. To deal with them, they made workable plans. They divided the tunnel construction into 19 parts. The construction of each part mainly took four steps.
Step 1: Remove. The team built a cofferdam (围堰) to remove water from the area, so the workers could go inside and do their work in dry conditions.
Step 2: Clear. The team dug deep into the lake bed, and cleared the soil and stones out in order to make space for the next step.
Step 3: Build. The team built the floor, walls and roof of the tunnel in this step. They used high-quality building materials to waterproof (使防水) the tunnel.
Step 4: Backfill. The team put the soil and stones back. Then this part of the tunnel was buried deep down the lake bed.
The construction of the 19 parts was streamlined (精简高效的). The project team used a new method. The work group of each step moved to the next part and repeated their work after they finished the work in the previous (之前的) part. Different work groups cooperated well with each other. From part to part, the construction started from the opposite ends, and got connected somewhere in the middle. The construction took about four years to complete, shorter than people had expected.
The drivers' safety is fully considered in Taihu Tunnel. There are 200,000 LED lights on the ceiling of the tunnel. They show vivid (逼真的) pictures of blue sky, starry night and so on. The pictures can help drivers fight tiredness and travel through the tunnel safely. Besides, there are two systems in the tunnel. The police can check the traffic situation through a monitoring system. If traffic accidents happen, the police can give instructions and warn drivers in the tunnel over an audio (音响) system to prevent further accidents.
The construction of Taihu Tunnel shows great value in engineering and the tunnel brings much convenience to people living nearby.
(
(
A. was divided into four parts
B. took more time than people had expected
C. started from the middle of the lake
D. was completed by using a streamlined method
(
A. How the tunnel keeps drivers safe.
B. Latest technology is used when building the tunnel.
C. It's fun to drive through the tunnel.
D. The public think highly of the tunnel.
(
A. To advise people to protect Taihu Tunnel.
B. To introduce the construction of Taihu Tunnel.
C. To share the advantages brought by Taihu Tunnel.
D. To tell the difficulties of constructing Taihu Tunnel.
Taihu Tunnel (隧道), 10.79 kilometres long and 43.6 metres wide, has been the longest underwater tunnel in China. It stands out as one of the "2022 China's Top 100 Buildings in the New Era".
When building Taihu Tunnel, the project team faced many challenges, such as high safety risks and time limit. To deal with them, they made workable plans. They divided the tunnel construction into 19 parts. The construction of each part mainly took four steps.
Step 1: Remove. The team built a cofferdam (围堰) to remove water from the area, so the workers could go inside and do their work in dry conditions.
Step 2: Clear. The team dug deep into the lake bed, and cleared the soil and stones out in order to make space for the next step.
Step 3: Build. The team built the floor, walls and roof of the tunnel in this step. They used high-quality building materials to waterproof (使防水) the tunnel.
Step 4: Backfill. The team put the soil and stones back. Then this part of the tunnel was buried deep down the lake bed.
The construction of the 19 parts was streamlined (精简高效的). The project team used a new method. The work group of each step moved to the next part and repeated their work after they finished the work in the previous (之前的) part. Different work groups cooperated well with each other. From part to part, the construction started from the opposite ends, and got connected somewhere in the middle. The construction took about four years to complete, shorter than people had expected.
The drivers' safety is fully considered in Taihu Tunnel. There are 200,000 LED lights on the ceiling of the tunnel. They show vivid (逼真的) pictures of blue sky, starry night and so on. The pictures can help drivers fight tiredness and travel through the tunnel safely. Besides, there are two systems in the tunnel. The police can check the traffic situation through a monitoring system. If traffic accidents happen, the police can give instructions and warn drivers in the tunnel over an audio (音响) system to prevent further accidents.
The construction of Taihu Tunnel shows great value in engineering and the tunnel brings much convenience to people living nearby.
(
D
) 1. Which picture shows how a "cofferdam" works?(
D
) 2. The construction of Taihu Tunnel .A. was divided into four parts
B. took more time than people had expected
C. started from the middle of the lake
D. was completed by using a streamlined method
(
A
) 3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 8?A. How the tunnel keeps drivers safe.
B. Latest technology is used when building the tunnel.
C. It's fun to drive through the tunnel.
D. The public think highly of the tunnel.
(
B
) 4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise people to protect Taihu Tunnel.
B. To introduce the construction of Taihu Tunnel.
C. To share the advantages brought by Taihu Tunnel.
D. To tell the difficulties of constructing Taihu Tunnel.
答案
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位文章中“cofferdam(围堰)”的功能描述，Step1提到围堰是排走区域内的水，为工人创造干燥作业环境。再对比四张图片，D图呈现了阻隔外部水、排出内部水形成干燥作业区的场景，匹配围堰的工作原理。
2. 第2题：逐一核对选项与原文信息：A选项与“divided the tunnel construction into 19 parts”不符；B选项与“shorter than people had expected”相悖；C选项与“construction started from the opposite ends”矛盾；D选项与“The construction of the 19 parts was streamlined”一致。
3. 第3题：分析第8段内容，该段围绕司机安全展开，介绍了LED灯、监控系统、音响系统等保障安全的措施，核心是说明隧道如何保障司机安全。
4. 第4题：梳理全文逻辑，文章从隧道基本信息、建造挑战、建造步骤、高效建造方法到安全设计，全方位介绍太湖隧道的建造相关内容，核心目的是介绍其建造情况。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据Step 1中“built a cofferdam (围堰) to remove water from the area, so the workers could go inside and do their work in dry conditions”，可知围堰的作用是隔绝外部水源并排走区域内的水，创造干燥作业环境。观察图片，只有D图符合这一工作逻辑，故选D。
2. 第2题：
A：原文明确隧道建造分为19部分，并非4部分，A错误；
B：原文提到建造时长比预期更短，并非更长，B错误；
C：原文表明建造从隧道两端开始，并非湖中间，C错误；
D：原文指出19个建造部分采用了精简高效的模式，D正确。
3. 第3题：第8段（原文倒数第二段）介绍了隧道内的LED灯缓解司机疲劳，监控系统和音响系统应对交通事故，整段核心是说明隧道如何保障司机的行车安全，故选A。
4. 第4题：文章依次介绍太湖隧道的基本参数、建造挑战、建造步骤、高效建造方法以及安全设计，整体围绕隧道的建造展开，目的是全面介绍太湖隧道的建造相关内容，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 段落主旨概括
3. 功能原理推断
【点评】
本题以太湖隧道为主题，考查学生的信息提取、细节甄别和主旨归纳能力。解题时需精准定位原文内容，结合选项逐一验证，同时梳理段落和全文的核心逻辑，对学生的阅读理解综合能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：先定位文章中“cofferdam(围堰)”的功能描述，Step1提到围堰是排走区域内的水，为工人创造干燥作业环境。再对比四张图片，D图呈现了阻隔外部水、排出内部水形成干燥作业区的场景，匹配围堰的工作原理。
2. 第2题：逐一核对选项与原文信息：A选项与“divided the tunnel construction into 19 parts”不符；B选项与“shorter than people had expected”相悖；C选项与“construction started from the opposite ends”矛盾；D选项与“The construction of the 19 parts was streamlined”一致。
3. 第3题：分析第8段内容，该段围绕司机安全展开，介绍了LED灯、监控系统、音响系统等保障安全的措施，核心是说明隧道如何保障司机安全。
4. 第4题：梳理全文逻辑，文章从隧道基本信息、建造挑战、建造步骤、高效建造方法到安全设计，全方位介绍太湖隧道的建造相关内容，核心目的是介绍其建造情况。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据Step 1中“built a cofferdam (围堰) to remove water from the area, so the workers could go inside and do their work in dry conditions”，可知围堰的作用是隔绝外部水源并排走区域内的水，创造干燥作业环境。观察图片，只有D图符合这一工作逻辑，故选D。
2. 第2题：
A：原文明确隧道建造分为19部分，并非4部分，A错误；
B：原文提到建造时长比预期更短，并非更长，B错误；
C：原文表明建造从隧道两端开始，并非湖中间，C错误；
D：原文指出19个建造部分采用了精简高效的模式，D正确。
3. 第3题：第8段（原文倒数第二段）介绍了隧道内的LED灯缓解司机疲劳，监控系统和音响系统应对交通事故，整段核心是说明隧道如何保障司机的行车安全，故选A。
4. 第4题：文章依次介绍太湖隧道的基本参数、建造挑战、建造步骤、高效建造方法以及安全设计，整体围绕隧道的建造展开，目的是全面介绍太湖隧道的建造相关内容，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 段落主旨概括
3. 功能原理推断
【点评】
本题以太湖隧道为主题，考查学生的信息提取、细节甄别和主旨归纳能力。解题时需精准定位原文内容，结合选项逐一验证，同时梳理段落和全文的核心逻辑，对学生的阅读理解综合能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
