一、完形填空 自然界中的循环
素养:思维品质 难度:难 用时:10分钟
The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, 1, lakes, forests and seas. These are 2 human beings depend on for a living.
All natural waste is 3. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures(生物), like those worms in the soil. These are their 4. People and animals breathe out carbon dioxide and it is used by plants to breathe and helps them 5. Plants give out oxygen 6 people and animals need to breathe in it. Plants 7 water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves 8 moisture(水汽). The moisture, together with water vapour(水蒸气) coming from rivers and seas, rises, turns into water droplets and 9 clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of 10. In this way, the water goes 11 to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again.
However, humans have made a lot of 12 to the earth. The technology and industry have made life 13, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or 14 to recycle. We shall 15 ways to deal with this problem before it is too late. After all, it’s our duty to protect the environment.
1. A. rivers B. schools
C. offices D. supermarkets
2. A. how B. what
C. which D. where
3. A. avoided B. allowed
C. reduced D. recycled
4. A. food B. hobby
C. method D. support
5. A. grow B. continue
C. lift D. increase
6. A. but B. or
C. and D. so
7. A. put on B. look up
C. take in D. hold on
8. A. like B. with
C. in D. as
9. A. discovers B. forms
C. completes D. wastes
10. A. rain B. wind
C. storms D. snow
11. A. forward B. about
C. away D. back
12. A. lists B. tests
C. changes D. plans
13. A. slower B. easier
C. heavier D. cheaper
14. A. helpful B. valuable
C. impossible D. unnecessary
15. A. find B. hide
C. explain D. disagree
【语篇解构】 阅读文章,补充下面的结构图(每空一词)

注:事理说明类语篇研读见答案 P31
① People and animals produce 1. .
② Plants use carbon dioxide to grow and give out 2. .
③ Plants 3. water through their roots.
④ Water is passed out through the plants’ leaves as 4. , and together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, it rises, changes into water droplets and forms clouds.
⑤ Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of 5. and can be used again.

语篇研读
主题和内容：本文主要介绍环境的构成与自然循环过程，揭示人类活动带来的污染问题，并呼吁保护环境。
意义和价值：本文讲述了环境的组成及其对人类生存的重要性，既传授环境科学常识，又激发问题意识与责任感。
方式和方法：体裁:本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍环境要素并解释自然界中的循环。篇章发展脉络:本文以“定义—阐述—问题及呼吁”展开。第一段开篇定义，解释何为环境，并列举其组成要素;第二段阐释自然循环的过程;第三段进行问题呈现及呼吁。亮点表达:重复主题词(environment, water, plants等)，并用具体实例介绍了自然界中的循环以及人类活动对环境的破坏。
1 A 根据上文中的“in the natural world”并结合选项可知，A项是属于自然界的。
2 B 此空引导表语从句且在从句中作动词短语depend on的宾语，故选B。
3 D 根据下文中的“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures(生物)”可知，自然的废物都可以回收利用。
4 A 根据上文中的“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures(生物), like those worms in the soil”和常识可知，动物的排泄物和尸体是小生物的食物，故选A。
5 A 根据上文中的“used by plants to breathe and helps them”可知，植物吸收二氧化碳帮助它们生长。
6 C 空处前后内容之间为顺承关系，故用and。
7 C 根据下文中的“water through their roots”可知，植物通过根部吸收水分。take in“吸收”符合语境。
8 D 根据上文中的“They pass it out through their leaves”可知，水又以水汽的形式从叶子中散发出去，故选D。
9 B 结合上文中的“The moisture, together with water vapour(水蒸气) coming from rivers and seas, rises, turns into water droplets”可知，应是形成云。
10 A 根据上文中的“Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of”可知，较大的水滴以雨的形式落下。
11 D 根据下文中的“to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again”可知，水回到陆地、河流和海洋中再次被利用。
12 C 根据下文内容可知，此处是说人类对地球做出的改变，故用changes。
13 B 根据上文中的“The technology and industry have made life”及常识可知，科技和工业让生活变得更便捷。
14 C 根据上文中的“Nature finds this new waste hard or”可知，这种新的废物很难或不可能被再次利用。
15 A 根据文章最后一句可知，此处是说应该寻找方法，故用find。
【语篇解构】1 carbon dioxide 2 oxygen 3 take in 4 moisture 5 rain