1 (2024 盐城东台期中)一元二次方程$x^2 - 6x + 5 = 0$可变形为 ( )
A. $(x - 3)^2 = 4$
B. $(x + 3)^2 = 14$
C. $(x - 3)^2 = 14$
D. $(x + 3)^2 = 4$
A. $(x - 3)^2 = 4$
B. $(x + 3)^2 = 14$
C. $(x - 3)^2 = 14$
D. $(x + 3)^2 = 4$
答案
A
2 (2024 东营)用配方法解一元二次方程$x^2 - 2x - 2023 = 0$,将它转化为$(x+a)^2 = b$的形式,则$a^b$的值为 ( )
A. $-2024$
B. $2024$
C. $-1$
D. $1$
A. $-2024$
B. $2024$
C. $-1$
D. $1$
答案
D
3 用配方法解一元二次方程$x^2 - 2x = 35$时,步骤如下:①$x^2 - 2x + 1 = 36$;②$(x - 1)^2 = 36$;③$x - 1 = \pm 6$;④$x = \pm 7$,即$x_1 = 7$,$x_2 = -7$。其中开始出现错误的步骤是 ( )
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
答案
D
4 填空:
(1) $x^2 - 2x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = (x - \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(2) $x^2 + 6x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = (x + \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(3) $x^2 + \frac{5}{2}x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = (x + \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(4) $x^2 - \_\_\_\_\_\_x + \frac{4}{9} = (x - \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$.
(1) $x^2 - 2x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = (x - \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(2) $x^2 + 6x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = (x + \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(3) $x^2 + \frac{5}{2}x + \_\_\_\_\_\_ = (x + \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$;
(4) $x^2 - \_\_\_\_\_\_x + \frac{4}{9} = (x - \_\_\_\_\_\_)^2$.
答案
1
; 1
; 9
; 3
; $\frac{25}{16}$ ; $\frac{5}{4}$ ; $\frac{4}{3}$ ; $\frac{2}{3}$
; 1
; 9
; 3
; $\frac{25}{16}$ ; $\frac{5}{4}$ ; $\frac{4}{3}$ ; $\frac{2}{3}$
5 (2024 苏州期中)用配方法解方程 $x^2 - 2x - 1 = 0$ 时,配方后所得的方程为________.
答案
$(x - 1)^2 = 2$
6 (2024 常州溧阳期中)将一元二次方程$x^2 - 8x - 5 = 0$化成$(x + a)^2 = b$($a,b$为常数)的形式,则$ab=$______.
答案
$-84$
7 用配方法解下列方程:
(1) $x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0$;
(2) $x(x - 4) = 1$;
(3) $x^2 - 2x - 6 = x - 11$;
(4) $x^2 - 7 = -6x$。
(1) $x^2 - 2x - 3 = 0$;
(2) $x(x - 4) = 1$;
(3) $x^2 - 2x - 6 = x - 11$;
(4) $x^2 - 7 = -6x$。
答案
解:移项,得$x^2 - 2x = 3,$ 配方,得$x^2 - 2x + 1 = 3 + 1,$即$(x - 1)^2 = 4,$ 开平方,得$x - 1 = ±2,$ 解得$x_1 = 3,$$x_2 = -1。$ ; 解:原方程化为$x^2 - 4x = 1,$ 配方,得$x^2 - 4x + 4 = 1 + 4,$即$(x - 2)^2 = 5,$ 开平方,得$x - 2 = ±\sqrt{5},$ 解得$x_1 = 2 + \sqrt{5},$$x_2 = 2 - \sqrt{5}。$ ; 解:移项,得$x^2 - 3x = -5,$ 配方,得$x^2 - 3x + \frac{9}{4} = -5 + \frac{9}{4},$即$(x - \frac{3}{2})^2 = -\frac{11}{4},$ 因为$-\frac{11}{4} < 0,$所以方程无解。 ; 解:移项,得$x^2 + 6x = 7,$ 配方,得$x^2 + 6x + 9 = 7 + 9,$即$(x + 3)^2 = 16,$ 开平方,得$x + 3 = ±4,$ 解得$x_1 = 1,$$x_2 = -7。$
8 当 $ x $ 取何值时,代数式 $ x^2 - x - 6 $ 与代数式 $ 3x - 2 $ 的值相等?
答案
解:根据题意,得$x^2 - x - 6 = 3x - 2,$即$x^2 - 4x = 4,$ 配方,得$x^2 - 4x + 4 = 8,$即$(x - 2)^2 = 8,$ 开平方,得$x - 2 = ±2\sqrt{2},$ 解得$x_1 = 2 + 2\sqrt{2},$$x_2 = 2 - 2\sqrt{2}。$ 故当$x = 2 + 2\sqrt{2}$或$x = 2 - 2\sqrt{2}$时,两个代数式的值相等。
登录