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Ⅰ. Complete the sentences according to the phonetic symbols.
1. I will
2. My dream is to become a
3. Finally, he decided to
4. The
1. I will
develop
/dɪˈveləp/ a new hobby in the coming year, like painting.2. My dream is to become a
pilot
/ˈpaɪlət/ and fly in the blue sky.3. Finally, he decided to
accept
/əkˈsept/ the offer and start a new job.4. The
quality
/ˈkwɒləti/ of this product is really high, which makes it popular.答案
1. develop
2. pilot
3. accept
4. quality
2. pilot
3. accept
4. quality
解析
【分析】本题要求根据给出的音标填写符合语境的英语单词，解题思路为：先准确认读每个音标，回忆对应的英语单词，再结合句子的语义和语法要求验证单词，确保填入的内容符合句子逻辑。
【解析】1. 音标/dɪˈveləp/对应单词develop，意为“培养”，符合“来年培养新爱好”的语境；2. 音标/ˈpaɪlət/对应单词pilot，意为“飞行员”，符合“成为飞行员在蓝天飞行”的语境；3. 音标/əkˈsept/对应单词accept，意为“接受”，符合“接受提议开始新工作”的语境；4. 音标/ˈkwɒləti/对应单词quality，意为“质量”，符合“产品质量高受欢迎”的语境。
【答案】1. develop 2. pilot 3. accept 4. quality
【知识点】音标识词、基础词汇拼写
【点评】本题考查英语基础音标与核心词汇的匹配，侧重考查学生对常用词汇的音标掌握和拼写能力，属于英语基础题型。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】1. 音标/dɪˈveləp/对应单词develop，意为“培养”，符合“来年培养新爱好”的语境；2. 音标/ˈpaɪlət/对应单词pilot，意为“飞行员”，符合“成为飞行员在蓝天飞行”的语境；3. 音标/əkˈsept/对应单词accept，意为“接受”，符合“接受提议开始新工作”的语境；4. 音标/ˈkwɒləti/对应单词quality，意为“质量”，符合“产品质量高受欢迎”的语境。
【答案】1. develop 2. pilot 3. accept 4. quality
【知识点】音标识词、基础词汇拼写
【点评】本题考查英语基础音标与核心词汇的匹配，侧重考查学生对常用词汇的音标掌握和拼写能力，属于英语基础题型。
【难度系数】0.8
Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. It is
2. Artists are usually very
3. A
4. The speech he gave yesterday deeply
5. The hotel provides excellent
6. This project is really
1. It is
impossible
(possible) for him to finish so much work in such a short time.2. Artists are usually very
creative
(create) and can come up with unique ideas.3. A
futurist
(future) always tries to predict what will happen in the future.4. The speech he gave yesterday deeply
influenced
(influence) my decision.5. The hotel provides excellent
service
(serve) and makes guests feel at home.6. This project is really
challenging
(challenge), but we will do our best to complete it.答案
1. impossible
2. creative
3. futurist
4. influenced
5. service
6. challenging
2. creative
3. futurist
4. influenced
5. service
6. challenging
解析
【分析】
本题要求用括号内单词的正确形式填空，需结合句意、句子结构、时态及词性变化规则解题：1. 需根据句意判断用possible的否定形式；2. be动词后需用形容词作表语；3. 不定冠词后需接表示人的名词；4. 时间状语提示用一般过去时；5. 动词后需接名词作宾语；6. be动词后需用形容词作表语。
【解析】
1. 句意：这么短时间完成大量工作对他来说是不可能的，需用possible的否定形式，加前缀im-构成形容词impossible，故填impossible。
2. 句子结构：be动词are后需接形容词作表语，动词create的形容词形式为creative，意为“有创造力的”，故填creative。
3. 句子结构：不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，根据句意“预测未来的人”，future加后缀-ist构成表示人的名词futurist（未来学家），故填futurist。
4. 时态：时间状语yesterday提示用一般过去时，动词influence的过去式为influenced，故填influenced。
5. 句子结构：动词provides后需接名词作宾语，动词serve的名词形式为service，意为“服务”，故填service。
6. 句子结构：be动词is后需接形容词作表语，名词challenge的形容词形式为challenging，意为“有挑战性的”，故填challenging。
【答案】
1. impossible
2. creative
3. futurist
4. influenced
5. service
6. challenging
【知识点】
形容词构词法、动词时态、名词构词法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的词形变化，涵盖前缀/后缀使用、动词时态、词性转换等核心知识点，是初中英语常见题型，主要检验学生对词汇变形规则的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题要求用括号内单词的正确形式填空，需结合句意、句子结构、时态及词性变化规则解题：1. 需根据句意判断用possible的否定形式；2. be动词后需用形容词作表语；3. 不定冠词后需接表示人的名词；4. 时间状语提示用一般过去时；5. 动词后需接名词作宾语；6. be动词后需用形容词作表语。
【解析】
1. 句意：这么短时间完成大量工作对他来说是不可能的，需用possible的否定形式，加前缀im-构成形容词impossible，故填impossible。
2. 句子结构：be动词are后需接形容词作表语，动词create的形容词形式为creative，意为“有创造力的”，故填creative。
3. 句子结构：不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，根据句意“预测未来的人”，future加后缀-ist构成表示人的名词futurist（未来学家），故填futurist。
4. 时态：时间状语yesterday提示用一般过去时，动词influence的过去式为influenced，故填influenced。
5. 句子结构：动词provides后需接名词作宾语，动词serve的名词形式为service，意为“服务”，故填service。
6. 句子结构：be动词is后需接形容词作表语，名词challenge的形容词形式为challenging，意为“有挑战性的”，故填challenging。
【答案】
1. impossible
2. creative
3. futurist
4. influenced
5. service
6. challenging
【知识点】
形容词构词法、动词时态、名词构词法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的词形变化，涵盖前缀/后缀使用、动词时态、词性转换等核心知识点，是初中英语常见题型，主要检验学生对词汇变形规则的掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅲ. Read and complete the tasks.
Now around half of the world’s population live in cities, but by 2050, cities will probably become even more crowded, with about 2.5 billion more! All these people will need houses to live in, transport to get around, and energy to power their homes. This will put more pressure on the Earth.
So we need to come up with green ways to build houses, travel and make energy. Covestro, a company in Germany, is working hard to make the future cities better. The following is what its manager Rebecca Heil tells us about some of the exciting new ideas:
“As we all know, climate change and pollution are the two biggest challenges. Right now, the world still depends on fossil fuel（化石燃料）too much for energy. That is not good for the environment. At Covestro, we set up Covestro’s Idea Lab, where scientists work together to solve problems.
“We’ve developed some new materials. Because of that, we are able to make wind turbines（风力发电机）much bigger and produce more energy! We’re also working on lighter solar panels（太阳能电池板）so that one day we could power our planes and cars with sunlight!
“Besides, we are also recycling carbon dioxide（$\mathrm{CO}_2$）, the main cause of climate warming. By using $\mathrm{CO}_2$ as a material, we’ve already successfully made sports floors, car parts and even clothing. This technology could help make cities of the future greener.
“In the future, materials will become lighter and look more natural. They’ll also become smarter because they can share information. That’s what Covestro is creating at the moment!”
A. Complete the mind map.
B. Answer the questions.
(
A. By telling a story.
B. By asking a question.
C. By giving an example.
D. By showing a problem.
(
A. It does a lot of harm to the Earth.
B. It uses fossil fuel to make energy.
C. It has a scientist named Rebecca.
D. It provides a lab to deal with problems.
(
A. The larger solar panel.
B. The change of wind turbines.
C. The development of new materials.
D. The energy the wind turbines produce.
Now around half of the world’s population live in cities, but by 2050, cities will probably become even more crowded, with about 2.5 billion more! All these people will need houses to live in, transport to get around, and energy to power their homes. This will put more pressure on the Earth.
So we need to come up with green ways to build houses, travel and make energy. Covestro, a company in Germany, is working hard to make the future cities better. The following is what its manager Rebecca Heil tells us about some of the exciting new ideas:
“As we all know, climate change and pollution are the two biggest challenges. Right now, the world still depends on fossil fuel（化石燃料）too much for energy. That is not good for the environment. At Covestro, we set up Covestro’s Idea Lab, where scientists work together to solve problems.
“We’ve developed some new materials. Because of that, we are able to make wind turbines（风力发电机）much bigger and produce more energy! We’re also working on lighter solar panels（太阳能电池板）so that one day we could power our planes and cars with sunlight!
“Besides, we are also recycling carbon dioxide（$\mathrm{CO}_2$）, the main cause of climate warming. By using $\mathrm{CO}_2$ as a material, we’ve already successfully made sports floors, car parts and even clothing. This technology could help make cities of the future greener.
“In the future, materials will become lighter and look more natural. They’ll also become smarter because they can share information. That’s what Covestro is creating at the moment!”
A. Complete the mind map.
B. Answer the questions.
(
D
)1. How does the writer introduce the topic?A. By telling a story.
B. By asking a question.
C. By giving an example.
D. By showing a problem.
(
D
)2. What do we know about Covestro?A. It does a lot of harm to the Earth.
B. It uses fossil fuel to make energy.
C. It has a scientist named Rebecca.
D. It provides a lab to deal with problems.
(
C
)3. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The larger solar panel.
B. The change of wind turbines.
C. The development of new materials.
D. The energy the wind turbines produce.
答案
A. 1. population 2. houses 3. energy / wind energy 4. recycle 5. smarter
B. 1. D 2. D 3. C
B. 1. D 2. D 3. C
解析
【分析】
本题分为A部分补全思维导图和B部分选择题，解题思路如下：
1. A部分：需根据文章内容定位对应信息，逐一填写思维导图的空缺：
空1：定位文章第一段“by 2050, cities will probably become even more crowded, with about 2.5 billion more!”，可知城市更拥挤是因为人口增长，故填population；
空2：定位第一段“All these people will need houses to live in, transport to get around, and energy to power their homes.”，可知未来城市会短缺房子、交通和能源，故填houses；
空3：定位第四段“we’ve developed some new materials. Because of that, we are able to make wind turbines much bigger and produce more energy!”，可知新材料用于生产更多能源，故填energy；
空4：定位第五段“we are also recycling carbon dioxide（CO₂）”，可知该公司开发技术回收二氧化碳，故填recycle；
空5：定位最后一段“In the future, materials will become lighter and look more natural. They’ll also become smarter...”，可知未来材料会更轻、更自然、更智能，故填smarter。
2. B部分：
题1：分析作者引入话题的方式，文章先提出未来城市拥挤、资源短缺的问题，对应选项D；
题2：定位文章中关于Covestro的描述“we set up Covestro’s Idea Lab, where scientists work together to solve problems”，对应选项D；
题3：代词指代题，that指代前文的“developed some new materials”，对应选项C。
【解析】
A部分：
1. 空1：根据第一段“by 2050, cities will probably become even more crowded, with about 2.5 billion more!”，可知拥挤的原因是人口增长，故填population；
2. 空2：根据第一段“All these people will need houses to live in, transport to get around, and energy to power their homes.”，可知短缺的是houses；
3. 空3：根据第四段“we’ve developed some new materials. Because of that, we are able to make wind turbines much bigger and produce more energy!”，可知新材料用于生产更多energy；
4. 空4：根据第五段“we are also recycling carbon dioxide（CO₂）”，可知技术是recycle CO₂；
5. 空5：根据最后一段“In the future, materials will become lighter and look more natural. They’ll also become smarter...”，可知填smarter。
B部分：
1. 题1：作者通过提出未来城市拥挤、资源短缺的问题引入话题，故选D；
2. 题2：Covestro设立Idea Lab供科学家解决问题，对应选项D；
3. 题3：that指代前文的“developed some new materials”，故选C。
【答案】
A. 1. population 2. houses 3. energy / wind energy 4. recycle 5. smarter
B. 1. D 2. D 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、代词指代、语篇写作手法
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语阅读理解文章的细节信息查找与理解能力，分为补全思维导图和选择题，题型基础，需要学生仔细定位原文对应内容，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题分为A部分补全思维导图和B部分选择题，解题思路如下：
1. A部分：需根据文章内容定位对应信息，逐一填写思维导图的空缺：
空1：定位文章第一段“by 2050, cities will probably become even more crowded, with about 2.5 billion more!”，可知城市更拥挤是因为人口增长，故填population；
空2：定位第一段“All these people will need houses to live in, transport to get around, and energy to power their homes.”，可知未来城市会短缺房子、交通和能源，故填houses；
空3：定位第四段“we’ve developed some new materials. Because of that, we are able to make wind turbines much bigger and produce more energy!”，可知新材料用于生产更多能源，故填energy；
空4：定位第五段“we are also recycling carbon dioxide（CO₂）”，可知该公司开发技术回收二氧化碳，故填recycle；
空5：定位最后一段“In the future, materials will become lighter and look more natural. They’ll also become smarter...”，可知未来材料会更轻、更自然、更智能，故填smarter。
2. B部分：
题1：分析作者引入话题的方式，文章先提出未来城市拥挤、资源短缺的问题，对应选项D；
题2：定位文章中关于Covestro的描述“we set up Covestro’s Idea Lab, where scientists work together to solve problems”，对应选项D；
题3：代词指代题，that指代前文的“developed some new materials”，对应选项C。
【解析】
A部分：
1. 空1：根据第一段“by 2050, cities will probably become even more crowded, with about 2.5 billion more!”，可知拥挤的原因是人口增长，故填population；
2. 空2：根据第一段“All these people will need houses to live in, transport to get around, and energy to power their homes.”，可知短缺的是houses；
3. 空3：根据第四段“we’ve developed some new materials. Because of that, we are able to make wind turbines much bigger and produce more energy!”，可知新材料用于生产更多energy；
4. 空4：根据第五段“we are also recycling carbon dioxide（CO₂）”，可知技术是recycle CO₂；
5. 空5：根据最后一段“In the future, materials will become lighter and look more natural. They’ll also become smarter...”，可知填smarter。
B部分：
1. 题1：作者通过提出未来城市拥挤、资源短缺的问题引入话题，故选D；
2. 题2：Covestro设立Idea Lab供科学家解决问题，对应选项D；
3. 题3：that指代前文的“developed some new materials”，故选C。
【答案】
A. 1. population 2. houses 3. energy / wind energy 4. recycle 5. smarter
B. 1. D 2. D 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、代词指代、语篇写作手法
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语阅读理解文章的细节信息查找与理解能力，分为补全思维导图和选择题，题型基础，需要学生仔细定位原文对应内容，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
