✅教材回顾
根据教材 Understanding ideas 部分的内容及所给提示，填入适当的内容补全短文（每空一词）
Pliny the Younger and his mother were staying near Pompeii before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius began. On the night before the disaster struck,
1. （地面）shook very hard, and his mother rushed into his room to 2. （wake up）. They stayed outside for the night. By 6:00 the next morning, many buildings were still shaking. They decided to leave. The road was crowded, and suddenly the sea
3. （回落）. Many sea animals were left on the sand. A very dark cloud appeared over Mount Vesuvius and 4. （笼罩）the land like a flood. The air 5. （thick）smoke and ash fell heavily. People were trying to find their families in the dark. Later, the daylight returned! They survived but felt uncertain about the future.

1. the ground 2. wake him up
3. moved back 4. spread over
5. was thick with

【分析】本题为教材回顾类短文填空题，需结合短文语境及所给提示（中文或英文），准确填写合适的短语，注意时态、固定搭配及人称代词的使用。解题时先理解每句句意，再匹配对应的英文表达：第1题对应“地面”的英文短语；第2题根据提示wake up及语境补充宾语；第3题对应“回落”的动词短语；第4题对应“笼罩”的短语；第5题根据提示thick及固定搭配填写。
【解析】1. 句意：地面剧烈摇晃，“地面”的英文短语为the ground，故填the ground；2. 提示为wake up，此处表示叫醒他，需加宾语him，故填wake him up；3. “回落”的动词短语为move back，结合短文过去时态，用过去式moved back，故填moved back；4. “笼罩”的短语为spread over，过去式不变，故填spread over；5. 提示为thick，固定搭配be thick with表示“充满”，结合过去时态，故填was thick with。
【答案】1. the ground 2. wake him up 3. moved back 4. spread over 5. was thick with
【知识点】动词短语、固定搭配、教材内容运用
【点评】本题考查教材中短文的核心短语掌握情况，难度较低，只要熟悉教材内容及常用短语搭配即可完成，需注意人称代词和时态的正确使用。
【难度系数】0.3

完形填空 教室抗洪记
素养:语言能力 难度:中 用时:7分钟
Water is one of the most useful things on the earth. We drink it, wash with it and cook with it. However, it can be 1 as well.
This was something that happened to me a few months ago. It started as a normal school day. It was summer and the 2 was really hot. We were studying for our tests when a 3 came. The sky went dark and the rain started to beat 4 against the windows. The storm went on and on. Then, the rain started to come through the roof(屋顶) and 5 on the desks in the classroom. Our books were getting wet. Suddenly there was a loud noise. We didn’t 6 what it was at first. Then, water came across the floor of our classroom. The school was flooded. We all felt very 7 and some of the girls started to cry.
Miss Miller was calm. She told us all to hold hands. We slowly walked out of the 8 in a line and came to a safe place. We didn’t leave there 9 the water was gone. Our school was in a mess. Together we 10 every classroom. Everyone felt tired but lucky!
1. A. dangerous B. wonderful
C. interesting D. peaceful
2. A. food B. ground
C. sunlight D. weather
3. A. wind B. cloud
C. storm D. flood
4. A. heavily B. softly
C. quietly D. slowly
5. A. fly B. cry
C. sleep D. fall
6. A. question B. understand
C. describe D. forget
7. A. proud B. excited
C. sorry D. afraid
8. A. office B. library
C. classroom D. playground
9. A. if B. although
C. until D. while
10. A. lifted up B. cleaned up
C. set up D. looked up

【解题导语】 一场严重的暴风雨袭击了校园,淹没了教室。老师临危不乱,沉着应对,引导学生有序离开。雨水退去后,师生合力清扫校园。
素养落地
这篇文章通过讲述校园突遭暴雨洪水的惊险时刻,引导学生树立安全防护意识,锤炼应急应变、团结协作能力,塑造乐观坚韧的心态,引导学生冷静应对生活中的各类挑战。
1. A 根据上文中的“Water is one of the most useful things on the earth”及空前的“However”可知,此处语意发生转折,应是讲水的危害,A项“危险的”符合语境。
2. D 根据空前的“It was summer”及常识可知,此处是指天气炎热,故选D。
3. C 根据下文中的“The storm went on and on”可知,此处是指一场暴风雨来临,故选C。
4. A 根据下文中的“water came across the floor of our classroom. The school was flooded”可推知,雨势很大,雨水应是重重地敲打着窗户,故选A。
5. D 根据下文中的“Our books were getting wet”可知,此处是指雨水穿过屋顶落到桌子上,故选D。
6. B 根据上文中的“Suddenly there was a loud noise”可推知,大家起初不明白一声巨响是怎么回事,故选B。
7. D 根据空后的“some of the girls started to cry”可知,此处是指大家都很害怕,故选D。
8. C 根据上文内容可知,大家一开始待在教室里,暴风雨使教室地板被雨水淹没了,结合空后的“and came to a safe place”可知,此处是指离开教室,故选C。
9. C 根据上文中的“came to a safe place”可知,直到水退去,大家才离开那个地方,not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”,故选C。
10. B 根据上文中的“Our school was in a mess”可知,此处是指清理教室,故选B。

【分析】做完形填空需先通读全文，把握文章主旨（本文讲述校园突遭暴雨洪水，老师带领学生安全撤离后合力清理的故事），再逐题分析：结合上下文逻辑关系（如转折、时间）、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配及常识，定位每个空的线索词，如第1题的However表转折，对应前文“水有用”，需选表危害的词；第2题结合“夏天”的常识选天气相关词汇等，逐步确定答案。
【解析】1. 根据上文“水是地球上最有用的东西之一”及转折词However，此处需表水的危害，选A（dangerous）；2. 由“夏天”及常识，炎热的是天气，选D（weather）；3. 后文提到“The storm went on and on”，可知是暴风雨来临，选C（storm）；4. 由后文学校被淹可知雨势大，heavily可修饰beat表“重重地”，选A（heavily）；5. 雨水穿过屋顶落到桌上，fall表“落下”，选D（fall）；6. 突然有巨响，起初不明白是什么，understand表“明白”，选B（understand）；7. 女孩开始哭，说明大家害怕，afraid表“害怕的”，选D（afraid）；8. 前文提到在教室，撤离的是教室，选C（classroom）；9. 固定搭配not...until表“直到……才……”，直到水退才离开，选C（until）；10. 学校一片狼藉，需清理，cleaned up表“清理”，选B（cleaned up）。
【答案】1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.B
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】本文以校园抗洪为主题，考查学生的语境理解、词汇运用及逻辑推理能力，引导学生树立安全防护意识与团结协作精神，符合英语学科素养要求，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5