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阅读理解
（2026·重庆二模）①Sitting through a family dinner, your uncle suddenly starts talking about different topics like an expert. But everything he knows is from online. After exams, one classmate is sure he has done well. But he ends up with far lower marks than expected. Sounds familiar? This kind of behavior is called the Dunning-Kruger effect.
②In 1995, a man named Wheeler robbed a bank with lemon juice on his face. He believed it would make him not be seen. This story inspired two psychologists（心理学家）David Dunning and Justin Kruger to do some experiments. They asked people to tell how well they did in certain tasks. The results showed people with poor skills often thought they did much better than they actually did. They failed to see their own shortcomings, which made them too confident.
③Later, people used a simple graph to show this effect. It clearly tells us the link between our actual knowledge and our self-confidence. When we know very little about something, our confidence rises to quite a high point. We may even believe we know everything. Digging deeper, we begin to realize how difficult the topic truly is, and our confidence drops. At this point, we start questioning ourselves. Only when we keep learning can our ability and confidence rise in a healthy way.
④This is not just a psychological phenomenon
（现象）for strangers or uncles at dinner—it is a mistake that everyone may easily fall into. Have you ever laughed at your classmates' mistakes without realizing your own? Have you ever turned a deaf ear to others' advice because you thought you knew better? Have you ever felt fully prepared, only to be shocked by the final result? If so, you may be experiencing it too.
1. Which sentence might be said by the uncle in Paragraph ①?
A. This war would end fast if they just listened to me.
B. Oranges are good for the skin? Let's check more articles.
C. This accident has many causes. I may not know the truth.
D. I'm not sure. You'd better go and ask a teacher about this.
2. Who is most likely to be at Point D in the graph?
A. A student who is beating self-doubt step by step with hard work.
B. An experienced doctor who keeps learning for many years at work.
C. A math teacher who feels very lost at the beginning of his teaching.
D. A person who feels super confident after taking the first driving lesson.
3. 新考法 创新设问 Which of the following can be put in the third box of the structure?
A. Listing more results.
B. Sharing scientific facts.
C. Connecting with readers.
D. Discussing different ideas.
（2026·重庆二模）①Sitting through a family dinner, your uncle suddenly starts talking about different topics like an expert. But everything he knows is from online. After exams, one classmate is sure he has done well. But he ends up with far lower marks than expected. Sounds familiar? This kind of behavior is called the Dunning-Kruger effect.
②In 1995, a man named Wheeler robbed a bank with lemon juice on his face. He believed it would make him not be seen. This story inspired two psychologists（心理学家）David Dunning and Justin Kruger to do some experiments. They asked people to tell how well they did in certain tasks. The results showed people with poor skills often thought they did much better than they actually did. They failed to see their own shortcomings, which made them too confident.
③Later, people used a simple graph to show this effect. It clearly tells us the link between our actual knowledge and our self-confidence. When we know very little about something, our confidence rises to quite a high point. We may even believe we know everything. Digging deeper, we begin to realize how difficult the topic truly is, and our confidence drops. At this point, we start questioning ourselves. Only when we keep learning can our ability and confidence rise in a healthy way.
④This is not just a psychological phenomenon
（现象）for strangers or uncles at dinner—it is a mistake that everyone may easily fall into. Have you ever laughed at your classmates' mistakes without realizing your own? Have you ever turned a deaf ear to others' advice because you thought you knew better? Have you ever felt fully prepared, only to be shocked by the final result? If so, you may be experiencing it too.
1. Which sentence might be said by the uncle in Paragraph ①?
A. This war would end fast if they just listened to me.
B. Oranges are good for the skin? Let's check more articles.
C. This accident has many causes. I may not know the truth.
D. I'm not sure. You'd better go and ask a teacher about this.
2. Who is most likely to be at Point D in the graph?
A. A student who is beating self-doubt step by step with hard work.
B. An experienced doctor who keeps learning for many years at work.
C. A math teacher who feels very lost at the beginning of his teaching.
D. A person who feels super confident after taking the first driving lesson.
3. 新考法 创新设问 Which of the following can be put in the third box of the structure?
A. Listing more results.
B. Sharing scientific facts.
C. Connecting with readers.
D. Discussing different ideas.
答案
1.A 2.B 3.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过生活中的例子引到达克效应，介绍其发现过程和表现形式，并指出这是普遍存在的现象。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“your uncle suddenly starts talking about different topics like an expert. But everything he knows is from online”可知叔叔会像专家一样谈论各种话题，且知识来源单一，表现出过度自信、高估自己认知的特点。故选A。
2. B 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段“Only when we keep learning can our ability and confidence rise in a healthy way.”和图表中D点的位置可知，D点代表的是通过持续学习，能力和自信都健康提升的人。故选B。
3. C 解析:篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，④联想到读者，让读者产生共鸣，意识到达克效应的普遍性。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过生活中的例子引到达克效应，介绍其发现过程和表现形式，并指出这是普遍存在的现象。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“your uncle suddenly starts talking about different topics like an expert. But everything he knows is from online”可知叔叔会像专家一样谈论各种话题，且知识来源单一，表现出过度自信、高估自己认知的特点。故选A。
2. B 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段“Only when we keep learning can our ability and confidence rise in a healthy way.”和图表中D点的位置可知，D点代表的是通过持续学习，能力和自信都健康提升的人。故选B。
3. C 解析:篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，④联想到读者，让读者产生共鸣，意识到达克效应的普遍性。故选C。
解析
【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文，理解文章主旨（介绍达克效应的定义、发现及普遍性），再针对每个小题回到原文定位关键信息，结合题干要求分析选项：
1. 第1题是推理判断题，需匹配第一段中叔叔的特点：像专家一样谈论话题、知识来源单一（网络）、过度自信，据此筛选选项；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，需结合第三段关于能力与自信健康提升的表述，对应图表中D点的状态，分析各选项是否符合；
3. 第3题是篇章结构题，需分析第四段的作用，判断其与读者的关联，确定合适的内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“your uncle suddenly starts talking about different topics like an expert. But everything he knows is from online”可知，叔叔表现为过度自信、像专家一样谈论话题，A选项“如果他们听我的，这场战争很快就会结束”符合过度自信的特点；B选项是不确定的表述，C选项是自我怀疑，D选项是谦逊，均不符合，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“Only when we keep learning can our ability and confidence rise in a healthy way”，D点代表能力与自信健康提升的状态。A选项“逐步克服自我怀疑的学生”未体现持续学习后的健康提升；B选项“多年工作中持续学习的经验丰富的医生”符合持续学习后能力与自信健康提升；C选项“教学初期迷茫的数学老师”不符合；D选项“第一次上驾驶课就超级自信的人”对应初期高自信，不符合D点，故选B。
3. 第3题：第四段通过反问句联系读者，让读者意识到达克效应的普遍性，与读者产生共鸣，对应“Connecting with readers”，故选C。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C
【知识点】阅读理解、推理判断、篇章结构
【点评】本文以达克效应为核心，结合生活实例与心理学实验展开，考查学生的细节理解、推理判断及篇章结构分析能力，需准确把握原文细节与段落作用，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
解答本题需先通读全文，理解文章主旨（介绍达克效应的定义、发现及普遍性），再针对每个小题回到原文定位关键信息，结合题干要求分析选项：
1. 第1题是推理判断题，需匹配第一段中叔叔的特点：像专家一样谈论话题、知识来源单一（网络）、过度自信，据此筛选选项；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，需结合第三段关于能力与自信健康提升的表述，对应图表中D点的状态，分析各选项是否符合；
3. 第3题是篇章结构题，需分析第四段的作用，判断其与读者的关联，确定合适的内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“your uncle suddenly starts talking about different topics like an expert. But everything he knows is from online”可知，叔叔表现为过度自信、像专家一样谈论话题，A选项“如果他们听我的，这场战争很快就会结束”符合过度自信的特点；B选项是不确定的表述，C选项是自我怀疑，D选项是谦逊，均不符合，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“Only when we keep learning can our ability and confidence rise in a healthy way”，D点代表能力与自信健康提升的状态。A选项“逐步克服自我怀疑的学生”未体现持续学习后的健康提升；B选项“多年工作中持续学习的经验丰富的医生”符合持续学习后能力与自信健康提升；C选项“教学初期迷茫的数学老师”不符合；D选项“第一次上驾驶课就超级自信的人”对应初期高自信，不符合D点，故选B。
3. 第3题：第四段通过反问句联系读者，让读者意识到达克效应的普遍性，与读者产生共鸣，对应“Connecting with readers”，故选C。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C
【知识点】阅读理解、推理判断、篇章结构
【点评】本文以达克效应为核心，结合生活实例与心理学实验展开，考查学生的细节理解、推理判断及篇章结构分析能力，需准确把握原文细节与段落作用，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
